Grant Number: N/A 
Sponsor: N/A
Project title: Synthesis of ?-bismuth oxide stable at room temperature.
The current research reports an inexpensive and effective method of synthesising ?-bismuth oxide stable at room temperature. Monoclinic ?-Bi2O3 was reacted with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite at 100?C for 24 weeks. The resultant product was washed, dried and characterized using optical imaging, microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermographic assessment (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and synchrotron XRD. The interaction with sodium hypochlorite resulted in a change in bismuth oxide microstructure and a colour change from yellow to dark brown/black. TGA showed a change in mass and colour with reversal at ~450?C. Further analysis of bismuth oxide reacted with sodium hypochlorite revealed a stable d-phase at room temperature with reformation of the a-polymorph at 500?C. Our work confirms that this method yields a cheap and effective way of synthesising d phase which is useful for a number of industrial processes such as an oxide ion conductor. 

The following files have been archived:
File name
File description (Short description of content, sample size, format, any linking between different types of data, i.e. survey and interviews/focus groups)
Bi2O3 RT.tg1d
Differential scanning calorimetry data of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at room temperature 
Bi2O3 100C.tg1d
Differential scanning calorimetry data of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C
546443_b18_100-RT.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured at room temperature 
546444_S06_100-RT_L3_1.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured at room temperature Ð L3 edge file 1
546445_S06_100-RTL3_2.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured at room temperature Ð L3 edge file 2
546446_S06_100-RT_L3_3.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured at room temperature Ð L3 edge file 3
546571_b18_100-300.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 300¼C 
546572_S23_Bi_100-300_L3_1.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 300¼C Ð L3 edge file 1
546573_S23_Bi_100-300_L3_2.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 300¼C Ð L3 edge file 2
546574_S23_Bi_100-300_L3_3.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 300¼C Ð L3 edge file 3
546610_b18_100-500.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 500¼C 
546611_S28_Bi_hyp_100-500_L3_1.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 500¼C Ð L3 edge file 1
546612_S28_Bi_hyp_100-500_L3_2.dat

XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 500¼C Ð L3 edge file 2
546613_S28_Bi_hyp_100-500_L3_3.dat
XAFS of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and measured after exposure to a temperature of 500¼C Ð L3 edge file 3
Control.raw
X-ray diffraction data for control bismuth oxide 
100.raw
X-ray diffraction data for control bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C
100-500.raw
X-ray diffraction data for control bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated to 500 ¼C
100-300.raw
X-ray diffraction data for control bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated at 300¼C
100-RT-13KeV Ð 1.dat
X-ray diffraction data collected from the Pilatus detector from sample of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C
BO as received-13KeV-1.dat
X-ray diffraction data collected from the Pilatus detector from sample of bismuth oxide 
100-500-13KeV Ð 1.dat
X-ray diffraction data collected from the Pilatus detector from sample of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated to 500¼C
100-300-13KeV Ð 1.dat
X-ray diffraction data collected from the Pilatus detector from sample of bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated to 300¼C
EXT_AO_2021_003.sp 
FT-IR data for control bismuth oxide 
EXT_AO_2021_004.sp
FT-IR data for the bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C
EXT_AO_2021_009.sp
FT-IR data for the bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated to 500¼C
EXT_AO_2021_014.sp
FT-IR data for the bismuth oxide mixed with sodium hypochlorite at 100¼C and heated to 300¼C







Publications: (based on this data, if any)