A Translation of the Undertext Catena in Codex Zacynthius

John Chrysostom, Homily 1 on Matthew+FromSaintJohntheBishopofConstantinople 1Onemightcallitgoodnews,sincenotonlyfixedandimmovablethingsaregoodandbeyond ourvalue,butbecauseitisalsogiventouswithcompleteintelligibility.Foritwasnotbytoiland hardshipbutonlybybeinglovedbyGodthatwehavereceivedwhatwehavereceived.❧ Origen, Commentary on John1Somedefinethegospelinthisway:agospelisatermdenotingareportofmatters, gladdeningthehearerbecausetheybenefitaccordingtothe‘goodnews’fromthepointwhen themessageisreceived.❧ Origen, Commentary on JohnAlternatively 1Atermdenotingtheappearanceofagood.❧Origen, Commentary on JohnAlternatively 1Atermindicatingthattheexpectedgoodispresent.❧ Anon., (also in Cramer's edition of the Catena on Luke)2TheblessedLukewasaphysicianbyprofession,buthebecamealsoaphysicianofsouls,havingrisen fromthelessertothegreater.Forhehasleftbehindforusthewrittenmemorialofboththewords andthemiraclesofJesus.Thiswasgrantedtohim,thanksbetoGod,ashewasgenuinelyinstructedby Christ.Aloneoftheotherevangelists,heaccuratelymadethewritingofthegospeland manymattersonwhichtheothersweresilent.Heitwaswhobothrememberedthisandrecounted accurately,onaccountofwhichtheprefaceofthisgospelwritingproclaimstheaccuracy.❧ Origen, Homily 1 on Luke3Justasintimespast manypeopleproclaimed prophecy,but someofthese werefalseprophets andothersweretrulyprophets. Thegiftofthediscernmentof spiritswasgiventothepeople,thegiftfromwhichthetrueandthefalseprophetwere judged.Inthesamewaynow,too,intheNewTestament,manywishedtowritegospels: thetrustworthystewardsdidnotapproveeveryonebutchosesomeofthem. Perhapstheattemptofthosewhocametothecompositionofgospelswithoutthegift hasfallenintooblivion.ForMatthewdidnotfailinhisattemptbutwrote fromtheHolySpirit,justasMarkandJohn,andlikewiseLuke.However, thosewhowrotetheGospelaccordingtotheEgyptiansandtheGospel accordingtotheTwelvefailed.BasilidesalsodaredtowritetheGospel accordingtoBasilides.Ononehand,then,manyattempted(foritissaidthatthereisalsoaGospel accordingtoThomasandoneaccordingtoMatthiasandmanyothers),butthechurchofGod approvesthefourGospels.❧

Origen, Homily 1 on LukeFromthesame.❧Origen. 4Lukemakesknownhisintention.Forhegavefullassuranceanddidnotwaveronany pointwhetheritwasthiswayornot.Thisishowitisforthosewhohaveafirmfaith. FortheApostlealsosaysofthosewhoarefirm:“thatyoumayberootedandgrounded infaith.”cf. Ephesians 3:17, Colossians 2:7Nothingisasfullyassuredinthiswayasmindandreason.Forappearance doesnotofferassurance,sincethefactsofeventsarenotestablishedfromsignsandvisible wonders,butwhicharetrueandwhicharefalseisassessedbyreason.Hesays“oftheevents”. SinceJesusembodiedtheroleofhisincarnatepresencenotasafantasy(according tothefollowersoftheheretics)Origen, Fragment 1c on Lukebutbyattainingtruth,hebroughteventstotruth.❧

Origen, Fragment 5 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 5Soheclearlyacknowledgedthathereceivedfromthosewhosawwiththeirowneyesand hearditthemselves.ThismanandMarkoughttobebelieved,ashavingwrittenupaccurately whattheyhadheard,butsoshouldJohnandMatthew,writingwhattheyhadseen.Sothe legitimategospelsare tobeequallyhonoured; notonlyhonouring thesightofthose whosaw,butalso thehearingofthose whoheard.Forthetruearethesuccessorsofthetrue,andtheytransmittousthelightwhich washandeddowntothem,receivingfittingpraisefromus.Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS1Insayingtheapostleswere ›eyewitnessesoftheword,heagreedwithJohnwhostatesthat“TheWordbecame ›fleshanddweltamongusandhisglorywasseen,gloryasoftheonly-begotten ›fromtheFather.”cf. John 1:14FortheWordwasestablishedasvisiblethroughtheflesh,beinginvisibleinitself. iv Origen, Homily 1 on LukeFromOrigen 5ItiswritteninExodusthat“thepeoplesawthevoiceoftheLord,”Exodus 20:18eventhoughavoiceisnotseen butheard.ThiswastoshowparadoxicallythatthevoiceofGodisseenbythosewiththecapacityto see.Inthegospel,however,itisnotthevoicewhichisseenbutaword,whichisgreaterthanthevoice. Thisiswhyitsays“Justastheywerehandedontousbythosewhofromthebeginningwereeyewitnesses andservantsoftheword.”Luke 1:2ForifseeingtheLordinbodilyformmadesomeoneaneyewitnessofthis, PilatewasalsoaneyewitnessoftheWordwhenhecondemnedhim,andJudaswhobetrayedhim,and everyonewhocriedout“Crucify,crucifyhim.”Luke 23:21SeeingGod’swordisunderstoodwheretheSaviour said:“TheonewhohasseenmehasseentheFatherwhosentme.”John 14:9And,havinggraspedwhata finelessonthisis,Luketeachesusnextthatcontemplationisthepurposeofsomethingsseen,while practicalapplicationisthepurpose ofotherthingsseen.For through“eyewitnesses”herefers tothecontemplativeelement,while through“servants”hehasestablished thepracticalelement. Origen, Fragment 4 on LukeYetthephrase“whowereservantsoftheword”Luke 1:2canalsobetakeninanotherway.Theymaybe“servantsofthe word”ofinstructionwhichtheSaviourpassedontothem,or“servantsoftheWord”ofGodhimself,whomthe presentdisciplesalsoserved.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 33FromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch.FromSermon33 Hecallstheapostles“eyewitnesses”ofthewordofGodand“servants.”Luke 1:2Yet,tellme,howhavethey seentheincorporeal?Anddoyouseethat,unlessitwassubjected,howthendidheuniteflesh tohimselfwithoutsin,accordingtothestateofbeingwhichislikeinnaturetous?Ithasasoul whichisbothrationalandintellectual,fromtheHolySpiritandfromtheholyGod-bearerandever-virgin Mary.Itseescompletelywhatisbothtouchableandconformstoaheavenlyreality.Likewise Paultoo,whenhesays“Hewasrevealedinfleshforthisreasonandhewasseenbyangels.”1 Tim. 3:16❧

Origen, Homily 1 on LukeFromOrigen 6Thisisconfirmedbecausefromthebeginningtherefollowednotsomeofwhatwassaidbutallofit. Paul,too,praisesLuke,saying:“Whoisfamousforhisgospel.”2Cor. 8:18❧Origen, Homily 1 on Luke7Fromthesame.❧ SomemightreasonablyassumethatLukeaddressedthegospeltoaparticularmannamedTheophilus.Butifwe arethesortofpeoplewhoarelovedandbefriendedbyGod,weareallTheophiluses(i.e.lovedbyGod).Andno Theophilusisweak.ForjustasitiswrittenaboutthepeoplewhocameoutofEgyptthat“therewas noweaklingintheirtribes,”Psalm 105:37 LXXsoIwouldsaythateveryonewhoisa“Theophilus”is“mostexcellent”, possessingtheexcellenceandpowerwhichcomesfromGodandhisword.Inthisway,anyonewill recognise“theassuranceconcerningthewordsaboutwhichwhichtheyhavebeeninstructed”Luke 1:4whenthey understandthewordofthegospel.Origen, Fragment 8 on LukeThereliabilityofthisknowledgeisnowproclaimed,sothatwhateverthey receivedthroughhearing,when theyencounterthesamein writingtheywillkeepthefaith withgreaterassurance.❧

Anon., (also in Cramer's edition of the Catena on Luke)Fromanunattributedsource 8Hefirstestablishesthetime inorderthatthesignificanceofthe eventsshouldnotescapeus.And hesays“ofthekingofJudaea” Luke 1:5sincehegavetheseproofs fromtheJewsinthecustom oftheprophets.Hementions thetimeofthekingoftheJews andinthiswayhereinforcestheknowledgeofthecomingofJesus.❧ v Anon., (also in Cramer's edition of the Catena on Luke)Fromanunattributedsource 9HenamesthefatherofJohntheforerunnersothathemightbeginthegospelnarrativefromthe forerunnerandthusarriveatJesus.Foritwasnecessarythattheheraldofthecomingofthemaster mightbesentoutinadvance,becausethesortofpersonissentoutasitwasfittingfortheonetobe whopreparesinadvanceofthecomingofourLordandGodandSaviourJesusChrist.Thisiswhy theevangelistrelateshisbirthfirstasbeingamiraculousdeedofGod,whichitself isagoodreasonforfaith.❧ Victor, Unknown workFromVictor 10TheBookofChroniclessetoutthismanasastheeighthAbijah,naminghimasfromthedivisionof priestswhodidnotattendandministerdailybutweeklyinthetemple.❧ Anon., (also in Cramer's edition of the Catena on Luke)Fromanunattributedsource 11Itsaysthathewasalegitimatepriestonbothsides:frombothhispaternalandmaternal lineherelatedtoAaron.❧

Origen, Homily 2 on LukeFromOrigen 12Beingrighteousin thesightofGod isperfectpraise.For hehimselfistheonly onewhoknowsthe heartsofhumans. Heallowsthat someonemay inappearance berighteous inthesightof humans,butinthesecretplaceoftheunderstandingtheymaynotbeso,astheyharbour wickedplanslurkingwithin.HearsuchmattersalsofromtheApostle,whenhesays:“The praiseofwhichisnotfromhumansbutfromGod.”Romans 2:29Forhumansdonotknowhowtopraise inaworthyfashion,sincetheyseetheappearancealoneandareunawareofwhatisconcealed. Godaloneknowshowtopraisetheonewhoispraisedinaworthyfashion,andtomakejudgment inaworthyfashionofwhatisblameworthy.❧ Origen, Homily 2 on LukeFromOrigen 13Perhapssomeonewillaskwhytheword“blameless”isappliedtothem.Foritwouldhavebeensufficient forthemtohavewalkedinallthewaysofGod“andinrighteousness”,unlessitispossibleto“walkinall thecommandments”Luke 1:6yetnotwithoutblame.How,then,someonesays,isitpossibleto“walkinall thecommandments”notwithoutblame?Isaytothemthat,ifthiswerenotthecase,it wouldnothavesaid,“Followjustlywhatisjust.”Deuteronomy 16:20Sowheneverweobservethecommandments, thereshouldnotbeinourconsciencethefilthofvanityorsycophancyoranythingelse ofthissortasweobservethecommandmentswithoutblame.❧

Source UnknownFromanunattributedsource14Themotherwasbarrenandanoldwoman;thefatherwasanoldmantoo. Throughthelawof righteousnesstheydid notescapethe deprivationofchildlessness, eventhoughthelaw holdsitoutasacurse forthosewhoarechildless. ThroughChrist,however, thebarrenwomanbecomesa childbearerandtheoldwomana mother.Andsheboretoa husbandwhowasvery oldindeed.Itwasnot thelawwhichprovided inthisway:itwasprovided bythecomingofChrist.AndthebirthoftheLord,whichwastrulyextraordinary,preparedanotherextraordinary birthbeforeit.Forinthecaseofthebarrenwoman,therewasthestrengtheningofherweaknature, whileinthecaseofthevirgin,therewastheintroductionofatotallynewnaturewhichdidnotexistpreviously. Thereasonforthiswasthathewascreatorofnature:hehimselfcametodwell,andhecreatedafreshforhimselfhis meansofentry.Hiscomingtodwellwasbothnewandaccordingtocustom:itwasnewbecauseitwasfromavirgin, butitwasaccordingtocustombecauseitwasfromawoman.❧ vi

Eusebius, Fragments on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 23ItsaysthatyoudisbelievetheangelwhostoodbesideGod:youdonotbelievetheonewhosentthe angel,nordoyoutakeaccountofthepoweroftheonewhospeaksbutyouonlyseetheimpossibility ofthematter.Therefore,becauseofthisspeechofdisbeliefyouaredeprivedofspeech,until yourecogniseyourdisbeliefandthepowerofGodbytheaccomplishmentofthematter.❧

Origen, Homily 5 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 24Zechariahthepriestiscondemnedtobesilent:theministerofGod,whowasofferingthesacrifices insilence,issilenttoo.HespokeonlywithgesturesandremainedmuteuntilthebirthofJohn. Whatdoesthismean?ItisthesilenceoftheprophetsintheancientpeopleofGod.ForGodno longerspeakstothem,buttheWordwhichwas“inthebeginning,”John 1:1whichwas“withGod” haspassedovertous.GodtheWordiswithusandheisnotsilentinourpresence,butintheirpresencehe hasbeensilent.Forthisreason,theprophetZechariahissilent,forheisreckonedtohavebecome aprophet.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 32FromSeverustheArchbishop ofAntioch,fromSermon32.❧ 24Zechariahprovides thetypeofboth legitimatepriesthood andservice, whichisinits innermostsanctuariesand depths.Itisjustasif incensehadthehiddensupernaturalfragranceofspiritualpriestlyserviceandthemystery ofthegospel.WhiletheJewsdisbelievedthis,thelawremainedforthemmuteand unprofitableandineffectiveand,inkeepingwiththebarrenwomen,fruitlessandwithout offspring.Forthesacrificesaccomplishedaccordingtothelawstopped.Butforthose fromthecircumcisionwhowerefaithfulandforthenations,itisnotonlynotvoiceless,but evengivesutterancewithprophecyandisspirituallyefficacious.❧

Isidore, Letter on Divine InterpretationFromIsidoretheelderofPelusium.❧ 24ThemutingofZechariahdidnottakeplaceinsomekindofterribledisturbance,asyousuggested.For thepriestwascontinuallyinthepresenceofGodandthesightoftheangels,ministeringthe mysteriesinpurity.Butforthetypeofhissilencewasthesilencingofthelaw.Whatthisvoicebore fromthesilenceandbarrennessandoldage,Ithinkthatthisshowswhatcamefromthat whichwasantiquatedandgrownoldandmadebarreninnotbeingwillingtolistentothose whoreceivedthepropheciesofthewrittenlawaboutChrist:hewouldcome,andhismother wouldcomefromthis.❧

Origen, Homily 5 on LukeFromOrigen 25Whatdoes“Andhekept motioningtothem”Luke 1:22mean? Themotioningwhile heremainedmute isofthefollowingnature: deedswithouta worddonot differfrom gestures.But deedswitha wordarenot gestures,fortheyare endowedwith reason.Therefore,if youthinkthepractice oftheJews wasunintelligible,because theywerenotableto giveareasonforthethingswhichtheydid,lookatthetypewhichcametopassinthecaseof Zechariah.Heremainedmuteandmotionedtothem.Forthesepeoplearemuteanddumbto thisday,forhowcouldtheynotintendtobewithoutreasonandspeechwhentheyrejectedthe wordfromtheirmidst?Theyareunabletogiveareasonableexplanationaboutanythingtodo withthelaworthepredictionsoftheprophets.❧One page is missing which would have contained Luke 1:24–27a and its commentary. The top half of this page is missing.

Origen, Homily 6 on Luke asaboutthedivine conception.Andjustasvii regardingthebirthof thefutureprophetamong thepeople,shenolonger hidherself, butspokeassheshould anddeclaredfreely thatheroffspringwouldbetheforerunnerofourLordJesusChrist.❧ The top half of this page is missing.Severus of Antioch, Fragments on Luke besidessettingoutthatwhichorchestratesholinessinthewholecreationwithpower. Butwherethereisthememoryofholiness,thereistotalpurityand pleasureandnotraceofsin.❧ viii

Origen, Fragments 22b and 23 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 30Thephrase“youhavefoundfavour”wascommon.Forotherwomenalsofoundfavourbeforeher.However,to say“Youwillconceive”wasstillnotcommon,butapersonalmessage.Avirgin:thematterwasalientoher.“For youhavefoundfavourwithGod.”cf. Ephesians 3:17, Colossians 2:7Sodonotfear,fortheindwellingoftheSaviouristheremovalofallfear.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 2FromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon2 30Sincehesaystoyou,“IhaveproclaimedthegoodnewsofthecomingoftheLord”,donotbetroubled.Do notthinkthatthebirthwillbesuddenlyathandandthatitwillpenetrateyourwomblikethepassage ofaflashoflightninginkeepingwithfutileexpectations.Fortheconceptionwillbeinaccordancewith nature,aswillthegestationwithoutprocreationandthechildbirth.FortheWordofGodcameto restoretoorderhumannatureandoriginandtheverybeginningsofthepathwaytoexistence. Thisiswhyhesaid“Andsee,youwillconceiveinyourwomb,”Luke 1:31sothatshemightrevealtheLordfrom hervirginalinsides.Hetookfleshandhumansubstancefromouressence;he blessedthebringing forthofourmannerof birth.Forunless hecamethroughall thewaysthatwedo withoutsinandhuman procreation,conceived accordingtotheflesh, gestatingforaperiodofninemonthsandbeingborn,hewouldnothavedoneawaywiththedeclaration “Youwillbearchildreninpain”Genesis 3:16whichwaspassedagainstEve.❧

Severus of Antioch, Sermon 2Fromthesame,fromthesamesermon.❧ 31FortheonewhocameforthesalvationofourracewouldjustlybecalledJesus.ThenameJesusmeans thesalvationandremedyofGodwhenitisputintotheGreeklanguage.The Greek word for remedy, iasis, resembles the name Jesus.For“Iremedy”isthe Godofall.❧

Origen, Homily 6 in LukeFromOrigen.❧ 32Itdoesnotmean“great”likeJohn,butasamasterandcreatorandLordofeverythingis trulygreat.See,then,thegreatnessofhispower:“thesoundofhisteachinghasgone outintoallthelandandhiswordstotheendsoftheearth”cf. Psalm 18:5 LXX.Heissogreatthat heextendseverywhere.Goup,then,inyourimaginationintotheheavenandsee,he fillswhatistheretoo.Godowninyourimaginationevenintotheabyss,forhewentdown ›theresothathemightfulfilallthings,sothat“athisnameeverykneeshouldbendofthose ›inheavenandthoseonearthandthoseundertheearth.”Philippians 2:10Forhehastraversedthewhole ›world.Itsaysthat“JesustheSonofGodhaspassedthroughtheheavens.”Hebrews 4:14Soifyouseethese thingsbysight,“Hewillbegreat”isnotatriflingsaying,butitshowsindeedthatourLord JesusChristisgreat.❧This marginal comment (032-3) is attributed to Origen in the catena edited by Cramer.HewillgivetohimfitsthedispensationSeverus of Antioch, Sermon 2; see also Origen, Fragments 24 and 25 on Luke32FromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon2.❧ Sonotasoneofthemultitudeofhumansdidhesay“youwillcallhimJesus,”Luke 1:31butasonegreat ›intruth.For“Greatisour ›Lordandgreathis ›strength,”Psalm 146:5 LXXas ›Davidsings.Andasheis ›bynatureSon oftheMostHighFather,this hewillbeandthishewillbe called.Itisfittingforthedispensationaccordingtothefleshandthemeasuresofpoverty, thathewillinglybecamepoorforussothatweshouldbeenrichedbyhispoverty.❧

Severus of Antioch, Sermon 2. There is also verbal overlap with Origen, Fragments 24 and 25, and Cyril, Commentary on Luke.Fromthesame,fromthesamesermon.❧ 33ThiswasspokentoGabrielfornootherreasonthanthatheshouldremindtheVirginofthe prophetsandinstructherclearlythattheonewhowouldbebornofheristheChrist,whowas prophesiedbythemascomingfromtheseedofDavid.❧ Eusebius, Fragments on LukeFromEusebiusofCaesarea.❧ 33Itsays“thethroneofDavid.”Luke 1:32Whilethishadbeenannouncedtohim,ithadnotalsobeen ›given.Foritsays“Ihaveswornonceintheholyplacethat,ifIlietoDavid,hisseedwill ›remainforeverandhisthronewillbelikethesunbeforemeandlikethemoonrestored ›foreternity.”Psalm 88:36–37 LXXAndagain,“IhavesworntoDavidmyservant,Iwillprepareyourseedfor ›eternityandIwillbuildyourthronefromgenerationtogeneration.”Psalm 88:4–5 LXXThesewerenotOne page is missing, which would have contained Luke 1:33–35. ix Victor the Presbyter, Sermon 115. (The attribution to Victor is found in Iviron, MS 371 [fol. 38v] and Codex Palatinus; the latter also gives details of the work.)oftheVirginissaidparticularlyappositely.Whenshesaid“SinceIhavenotknownaman,”Luke 1:34thistooleads understandingfrombodilymeaningtowardswhatistrueandnotimaginary.Forthesakeoftheincarnation andforthemanifestationofmatterswhicharemoreself-evident,itrequiredwhatwasunspokenyetspoken, sincetherewassomethingofwonderinwhatwassaid.❧

Eusebius, Fragments on LukeFromEusebiusofCaesarea.❧ 35Godbringsittopass:donotdoubt.Heistheonewhoreinforcesnaturewhichisgrownoldandweak andmakesinnovationsinnaturewhenhewishes.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 63FromSeverus,fromSermon63.❧ 35Asthegod-bearingVirginwasdescendedfromthetribeofJudahfromDavid,howdidGabrielsayto her:“Andbehold,Elizabeth,yourkinswoman”Luke 1:36?ForshewasthewifeofZechariah,the priest,andfromthetribe ofLeviticusinallrespects. Foritwasnotpermittedbylaw thatonewhooriginatedfroma differenttribeshouldtakea wifefromanother tribe.FortheLordsaysthroughMosesintheBookofNumbers:“Eachintheinheritanceofthe ›tribeofhisFatherwillthesonsofIsraelbejoined.Andeverydaughterwhoenterstheinheritance ›fromthetribesofthesonsofIsrael,theywillbewivestooneofthemenfromthecityof ›theirfather.”Numbers 36:7–8This,then,iswhywhenJoseph’sgenealogyisgiveninthecustomarymanner forthedivinescripture,itconstructsitsgenealogiesfrommenandnotfromwomen. Maryseemstobegiventhegenealogyasshewasofthesametribeasherbetrothedaccording tothelaw.SointhismanneristheholyVirginakinswomanofElizabeth.❧Severus of Antioch, Sermon 63Andalittlelateron.❧ TheangelsaidtotheVirgin“See,Elizabethyourkinswoman”Luke 1:36asaspecialtokenofrecognition. Butashewasaministerofdivineoraclesandspiritualcommands,hedidnotsimply saythis.WhentheangelalsoutteredamessagetoJosephinadream,hesaid:“Joseph, sonofDavid.”Matthew 1:20Thiswassothatheshoulddrawouthisunderstandingtowardsthepromisethrough whichGodhadpromisedthattheChristwouldbefromthelineofDavid.So,inthisway,followedon “See,Elizabethyourkinswoman.”Itisfullofmysterywhichbefitsthedivine.Ibelievethat theVirginwasnotunawarethatshewasinpartnershipwiththeHolySpirit.Thisiswhy shetoosubmittedeagerlyandhurriedoffstraightawaytoElizabeth.ForsinceChristwas alsotheruleroftherulers,justsoindeedisheGodandLordofeverything.Thechiefpriest himselfpronouncedanoraclewhenChristbecamehuman,offeringhimselfasasacrificeand anofferingwhichpurifiesthesinoftheworld,andtheacknowledgmentinhimofusbywhatis ›consecratedbothtohimselfandtotheFather.ForPaulsays,“Observewelltheapostleandchief ›priestofourconfession,Jesus.”Hebrews 3:1Thiswaspredisposedfromthebeginningthatheshouldbelong ›tothekinglytribeofJudahandthepriestlytribeofLevi,sothatChristmightbedescended askingandhighpriestfromeachsideinwhatconcernedtheflesh.ForitiswritteninExodus, beforethecommandwas imposedwhichprohibited takingawifefrom anothertribe, howAaron,who wasthefirsthighpriest accordingtothelaw,“tookashiswifeElizabethfromthetribeofJudah,thedaughterof Aminadab”cf. Exodus 6:23.AminadabwasdescendedfromJudah:sothatno-oneshoulderroneouslyassume thatthiswasanotherAminadab,thesacredtextcontinuesshowingitmoreclearly:say “daughterofAminadabbutsisterofNaason”Exodus 6:23.Consider,Iaskyou,theall-wisedispensation oftheSpiritwhoalsobroughtitaboutthatthiswoman,thewifeofZechariah,the motheroftheBaptistandtherelativeofMarytheGod-bearer,shouldalsobenamed ElizabethandleadusbacktothatElizabethwhomAaronmarriedandthroughwhom theunificationofthetwotribesbegan.Ithinkthatthroughhernameshedistinctly proclaimsthatthekinswomantotheVirginisdescendedfromthisElizabeth.Let no-onesaythattheBabyloniancaptivityconfoundedtheJewishpeoplesuchthat therewasnodistinctionofracesortribesafterwards.ForEsdrasshowsthatthosewho x withdrewfromBabylondevotedmuchlabourtogathertogether,asfaraspossible, thesonsofAaronandtheremainingLevites.Foritwasdestinedforthemfromthehereditarynations. Theonewhorecordsthis,however,indicatesnotonlythetribebutalsothecitiesandvillages ofthosewhoreturned.Luke,too,settingbeforeustheaccuracyofthereports, spokeaboutZechariah,saying“AndhiswifewasfromthedaughtersofAaron, andhernamewasElizabeth.”Luke 1:5❧

Eusebius, Fragments on LukeFromEusebius.❧ 39Iama“handmaidoftheLord”Luke 1:38;Iamthetabletoftheonewhowrites.Letthewriterwritewhathewishes; lettheLordofalldowhathewants.❧ Origen, Fragment 27b on LukeFromthesame.❧ 40Havingreceivedthe confessionoffaith oftheVirgin.❧

Origen, Homily 7 on LukeFromthesame.❧ 41Toherkinswoman. Thegreatergo tothelesser sothattheymight showkindnesstothem. ThustoodidtheSaviour cometoJohn sothathemightmake holyhisbaptism. “Icameintothe world”cf. John 9:39sothathemight savehumanity.❧ Origen, Homily 7 on Luke41ItwasappropriateforthisblessedMaryafterGabriel’svisittoher,andthegladtidings, tosetoffandgouptothehillcountry.Shejourneyedwithhaste,beingledby theSpiritinherwhichhadcomeuponherandwhichhadovershadowedherbythepower oftheMostHighcf. Luke 1:35.❧

Origen, Homily 7 on LukeFromEusebius.❧Actually Origen 42ForJesuswasinher,andhealreadyintendedtoshowkindnesstoJohn,whowasalreadyinElizabeth. ThisisclearfromthefactthatJohndoesnotleapbeforeMarycomesandbeforeshe greetsElizabeth.AtthesametimeasthewordofMary’sgreetingwhichChristthewordofGod ›prompted,“thebabyleaptinherwombinjoy.”Luke 1:41Forinthisway,Jesusbegan ›tomakehimaprophetfromthatpointonwards.❧

Severus of Antioch, Fragments on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 43Wherearethewanderers,whοhavestuffed-upearsandblearyeyes?Theclarity oftheirsoul’svisionisdimmed;theyarewitheredintheirmindandsealed upintheirunderstanding.ThesearethepeoplewhosaythattheLordtookon nothingfromthe Virgin,butmade hisentrance throughherasif throughachannel. Theyarenotput toshamebythe timeperiod,northe months,northe womb,nordotheytakeaccountofthestruggleofJoseph,nothingoftheseatall,butitisasif theytravelthroughtheholyscripturesinpathlessandtracklessdeserts.Tellme,whatsortof entranceoftheGodwhopervadesallthingsrequiresaperiodofninemonths?Inwhatmanner isthenewbodybyyoursoul?DoyounotheartheHolySpiritwhichfilledElizabeth assheblessestheVirginandthefruitofherwomb?Orhaveyouforgotten thatfirstcomestheshoot,thentheflowerandthenthefruit?❧ Origen, Fragments 31 and 32c on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 43ThatwhichwasnotgrantedtoanyoftheprophetswasgrantedtoJohn,becausehewasclose tothecomingofChristandprecededit.ForhewasnotfilledwiththeHolySpiritearlieron, beforethepregnantmotherofChriststoodthere:atthatpointwashefilledwiththeSpiritand leapt.Hesharedthiswithhismother,forElizabethalsocriedoutinprophecybecauseofthe babyshewascarryinginsideher.Forchildbearingalsogaveherthishonour, xi asthetrulydivinechildbearinghonouredMaryand,throughher,theentirefemale sex.AsPaulsayswithregardtowomeningeneral,“Womanwillbesavedthrough childbearing,”1 Timothy 2:15thatistosaythatawomangavebirthtotheChrist.❧

Origen, Fragments 32 and 33 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 44Fornowomanhadbecomeaparticipantinsuchgrace,norisoneabletobecomeso.Forthere wasasingledivineembryo,andasingledivinechildbirthandasinglewomanwhogavebirth.Why doyou,thefirstofwomen,greetme?ForIamnottheonewhoboretheSaviour.Ishouldhavecome ›toyou.Foritisyouwhoare“blessedamongwomenandblessedisthefruitofyourwomb.”Luke 1:42 ShespeaksofthefruitofthewombaccordingtothepromisefromGodtoDavid,which says:“OfthefruitofyourwombwillIsetuponyourthrone.”Psalm 131:11 LXX❧Origen, Fragment 33b on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 44Itistermed“thefruit ofthewomb”Luke 1:42byitsnot beingfromaman,butfrom Maryalonebythe indwellingoftheHoly Spiritinherandthe poweroftheMostHigh overshadowingher. Forthefruitsofthefathersarethosewhohavetheirseed.❧ Severus of Antioch, Fragments on Luke44MaytheybeputtoshamewhorelatethetruthoftheGod-bearingVirgin’sconception asadreamyillusion.ShecarriedtheheavenlyWordinherwomb,whofromher unchangeablytookflesh.Elizabethalsodeclaredtoher,“Blessedisthe fruitofyourwomb.”Luke 1:42Forassuredly,thefruitoftheverysubstanceofthetree hassprungforth.ThisisawonderworthyofGod,sincethechildbirthwasrealanditwasnot theentryofaphantasm.Itdidnotbreakthroughthebondofhervirginityanditcallsus byhisgreatmercythroughtruesalvationtoimmortality.❧ Severus of Antioch, Fragments on LukeFromthesame,fromasermonSeverus of Antioch? 44Therefore,theonewhoblessedthefruitblessedthewombwhichbore thefruit.But,forIdonotknowhowitgainedcurrency,thisisalsotherefutation oftheobjectionablebeliefofEutyches.Foreveryfruithassprungfromthesubstanceofthe fruit-bearingtree:itisofthesamenatureasthat,andnotfromanythingelse. So,hesays,howwasthebodyofEmmanuelnotfromMary?Fool! Youhaverejectedthewombwhichproducedtheblessedandtruefruit, andyouinventtheappearanceofsomenon-existentphantasm,makingthemothera ghostandoursalvationadream.Forifthewomanwhowastakenfromhisribandcreated wasofthesamesubstanceasAdam,andsinisderivedfromherasshe offendedwithhiminthetransgressionofthecommandment,theVirgintoo wasassuredlyofthesamesubstance.Fromher,Christ,thesecondAdam,hasrisenup,whotakes awaythesinoftheworld,sothat“thosewhohavediedinAdammightbemadealiveinChrist”1 Corinthians 15:22 astheApostle says.❧

Origen, Fragment 34 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 45Sheuttersasoundinharmony withherson.ForJohntoosaidthathewasunworthyofbeingplacedbesideChrist, andElizabeththatshewasunworthyofthecomingoftheGod-bearingVirgin.❧ Origen, Fragments 35 and 36 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 45Forwhyhassogreatagoodbeenperformedforme“thatthemotherofmyLordcomestome?”Luke 1:43 Shecallstheonewhoisstillavirginamother,anticipatingthefulfilmentbyapropheticword.So ononehandthedivinedispensationbroughtwitnesstoElizabeth,sothatthewitness ofJohntotheLordevenfromthewombshouldbefulfilled.YetthevisitoftheVirgintoherrelation haditsowneagerness.ForshecametoseeElizabethandthemiraculous embryoinher,accordingtothespeechoftheangel,sothatthroughthis,childbirth wasgivengreatercredence.And,Isay,whatcamefromtheVirginherselfandwhatisconsistentwith thisfaithisthewordofElizabeth,saying“Andblessedistheshewhobelievedthattherewouldbe afulfilmentofwhatwasspokentoherfromtheLord.”Luke 1:45❧ xii Isidore, Letter 363FromIsidore,PresbyterofPelusium,fromLetter363.❧ 45LetnottheprophecyofElizabethdisturbyou,whenshesays:“Whyhasthishappenedtome,thatthe motherofmyLordcomestome?”Luke 1:43FortheonewhoestablishedinhertheformingoftheBaptist madetheforerunnerholyevenbeforehecameforthfromthewombtobeaprophet.Heprovided therevelationofthemysterytohiminternally,butsincehedidnotgrantembryosthepowerof speechatanunseasonabletime,hismotherusedtheinstrumentofhermouthonbehalfoftheBaptist whowashurryingtoannouncetheRedeemer.❧ Origen, Fragment 38 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 46Godhaspromisedthatinmybodyhewillbringwonderstopass.Butcome,someonesaystome,will thesoulnotbefruitless fortheLord?Forthe fruitofthebody isnotasuccess ofmychoosing butitisofGod,who worksmiraclesinme whicharebeyondnature.I oughtalsotobringforth fruitofmyownchoosing. Origen, Fragments on LukeForinasmuchasIamat theserviceofgreat wonders,soIshould bethefirsttoglorify theonewhoaccomplishes themarvelswithinme.❧

Origen, Homily 8 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 46Justassintookitsbeginningfromthewoman,andafterthatreachedtheman, sotoogoodthingstooktheirbeginningfromwomen,sothatwomenshouldputtheir weaknesstoflightand,settingasidewhatiswomanly,beeagertoimitatethelivesofthese blessedwomen.Letussee,then,theVirgin’sprophecy:“MysoulmagnifiestheLord.”Luke 1:46 HowthesoulmagnifiestheLordmustbeconsidered.Ifwearebehavingworthily, accordingtotheimageoftheonewhocreatedus,andweresembletheprototypeas farasispossible,throughgoodworkswemagnifytheLordinwords,indeedsandin thoughts.Yetapersondiminishesthisinproportiontothevicewhichexistswithin ›them.SothesoulofMary“magnifiedtheLord,whileherSpirit ›rejoicedinGodtheSaviour.”cf. Luke 1:46Firsthersoulmagnifiedandthenher ›spiritrejoiced.❧

Origen, Fragment 39 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 47ForGodismySaviour,grantingtotheworldaSaviourfromme.Itsaysthatbothspiritandsoul arethesamething.❧

Origen, Fragment 40b on LukeFromthesame 48WhoamIfor sogreatadeed?He consideredit;Ididnot expectit.ForIwas lowlyandcast aside,andnowIcross fromearthtoheaven andIamdrawninto aninexpressibledispensation.❧Origen, Fragment 41a on LukeFromthesame 39Itisclearthatthesegenerationsareofthebelievers,notyoualone,Elizabeth.❧

Origen, catena fragment and Fragment 42 on LukeFromthesame 50Forhowisitnot“greatthings”thatwhilesheisavirginsheconceives,havinggonebeyondnature bythewillofGod?Shehasbeenconsideredworthy,withoutahusband,notsimplytobeamother butevenoftheonly-begottenSaviour.Yetshesays“theMightyOne”,sothatifanyoneshould ›disbelieveregardingthedivineactivityoftheconceptionandwhethershemightconceivewhile ›beingavirgin,shesays:“TheMightyOnehasdonegreatthingsforme,”Luke 1:46sothatsomeonebythe ›poweroftheonewhoaccomplishesitmightrespondwiththecorrection.❧ xiii Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 51Forsincetheonly-begottendoesnotcomeintoawoman,heisalreadytaintedby this.“Forholyishisname.”Luke 1:49TheSaviourwhoisconceivedisnotatalldefiled asheformshisownbodyinme,theVirgin.ThisisalsowhytheHolySpirit comes,sothat,astheconceptionwasholy,itshouldpreparethebirthtobe holy.❧

Victor, (in Catena on Luke, ed. Cramer)FromVictorthePresbyter.❧ 52ForIalsograspthemeaningof“havingmercyfromonegenerationtoanother”Luke 1:50Hehimself unitesinhisensouledbodytherationalsoulandthespiritualoneaccordingtoitsstateofbeing. Hecomesintotheworld,andhespendshistimewithhumans,andheleadshislifebelow, andhedisposeseverythingashebringsaboutoursalvationthroughhis loveofhumanityalone.❧ Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer); possibly Cyril Fromanunattributedsource.❧ 53Forthosewhoarecompletely unworthyarenotshownmercy, butthosewhothrough repentanceturnthemselves toreverence.❧

Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer), possibly CyrilFromthesame.❧ 54Forhishandisnot thedeedofahuman.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS2 55Thewickedand uncleanspirits:theruleroftheseisthedevil,whofellbecauseof hispride;thewiseonesoftheGreeks,whodidnotacceptwhatseemedtobethe foolishnessofthemessage;thepopulaceoftheJews,whichdidnot wishtobelieve.Allthiswasinaccordancewithprophecy.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS3 56Greatwerethethoughtsofthedemonsandthedevilwhowerescattered,ofthewiseones oftheGreeks,andofthePhariseesandthescribes.Buthe“broughtthemdownand exaltedthosewhohumbledthemselves”cf. Luke 1:52underhispowerfulhand.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS3 57Fortheraceofhumanswasfamished,apartfromtheJews.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS3 58ClearlythisistheJewsenrichedbythegivingofthelawandbytheteachingoftheholy prophets.Theybecameexcessivelywantonbythepromisesandraisedthemselvesuptoomuch attheirworthiness,becauseofnotcominghumblytotheIncarnateOne,theyweresent awayempty,bearingnothingwiththem:neitherfaith,norknowlege,northehopeof goodthings.InsteadtheyhavefallenoutfromboththeearthlyJerusalemandthelifetocome.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesame.❧ 59Itmeansthetrue“Israel,”Luke 1:54notthosewhoareexaltedinname,butthosewhohave keptthefaith oftheirappella- tion.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesame.❧ 60Heaccomplishesthe prophecy,notonlyhis ownbutalsothatofthe prophets,accordingtothe promiseofGod,who destinedthatfromhershould beborntheSaviourofthe world,Christ.❧

Source UnknownFromthesame.❧ 61BecausetheVirginwasholy, andthehouseofElizabeth waspriestly.Sothepriestlyvesselremainedinaholyhousebeforeitwas ledintothekinglyhouse.❧ Origen, Fragments 46 and 47a on LukeFromVictorthePresbyter.❧ 61Ithinkthat,accordingtotheevangelist,whenthetimewasfulfilledfor Elizabethtogivebirth,Marydepartedintoherownhouse.Forif,inthesixth monthofElizabeth,GabrielwassenttotheVirgininNazarethto proclaimthegoodnewstoher,andtheVirginhastenedintothehillcountrytoseeher relativeandremainedtherearoundthreemonths,itisclearthatwhenthetime xiv oftheconceptionwasfulfilled,shedepartedintoherownhouse.Forwhatpurposedidshe stay?Perhapsitwastoseethefulfilmentofthemiracleand,sinceshewasperplexedandfrightened bythemattersconcerningher,sheresolvedtoallowwhatwasnecessarytohappen.❧

Origen, Homily 9 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 62ItwouldbenecessarytosearchthroughouttheOldandNewTestamentstofindifitissaidanywhere ofasinner’sbirth,“thetimewasfulfilledforhertogivebirth”Luke 1:57:Idonot thinkthatanyonewould findit,exceptwhere itisspecifiedthat theonebornis righteous.❧

Origen, Homily 9 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 63Elizabeth,being aprophet,did notheartherevelation whichhappenedto herhusband,but cametoknowintheSpirit thenamewhichwas spokenbytheangel. Andsheindicated thatthechildshould becalledJohn. Butwhentheyalso askedtofindoutfromhis fatherandtheygestured tohim,asifhedidnot hearandwasunabletospeak,hetookawritingtabletandwrotethenameofthechildin harmonywithhiswife,sothatallwereamazedatthis.ForJohnistranslatedas‘thegiftofGod’.❧

Origen, Homilies 9-10 in LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 64AfterZechariahwroteonthewritingtabletthat“HisnamewillbeJohn,”Luke 1:63hisvoice whichhadbeenboundwasloosenedandhereceivedbackhisspeech.Itwasnolonger boundasbeforeinhisunbelief,butitblessedGodandprophesiedwhatiswritten here:firstwithregardtoChrist,asifhehadalreadybeenpresentinthislife,when hesaid:“BlessedbetheLord,theGodofIsrael,forhehaslookedfavourablyon hispeopleandredeemedthem”Luke 1:68,andthenwithregardtoJohn.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 32FromSeverus,Archbishop ofAntioch,fromSermon32 64ForjustasZechariah wasthefatherof John,thevoice cryinginthedesert, andwasincapable ofcallinghimJohn withhistongue, buttooka writingtabletand wrotehisname onit,sotoo isthelaw.Itwas arootandbeginning ofthegreatvoiceof thegospel,which filledthedesert, meaningtheinhabitedworld, withtheknowledgeofGod. Thelawwasnotsufficientlypowerfultocalloutclearlythroughspeech,butitwas writtendownwithletters,asonawritingtablet.❧At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 1:67–77 and its commentary. xv

Victor, unknown workFromVictorthePresbyter.❧ 70ItisclearthatthosewhobelieveinChristarealsocalledhispeople,Jews andGreeks.Fortotheseheprovidedtheknowledgeofsalvationwhichthey wishedtoknow.❧Victor, unknown work71Fromthesame.❧ Suchagreatgiftwaslavishednotbecauseofwhatweourselvesdidbut throughtherelievingofhismercy.❧

Severus of Antioch, Fragments on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 72HegivesthanksfortheappearanceoftheSaviour,sayingthatitisthemercyofGodand“thebreaking dawnofthelightfromonhigh,”cf. Luke 1:78sothatthoseinthedarknessofignorancemaybeenlightened;that thosewhoarelyingunderthepowerofdeathmaybecomeunderthepoweroflife;thatthosewho areinthegripofspiritualconflictmayfindthepathwhichleadstopeace.Foritsaysthat“Heis ourpeace.”Ephesians 2:14Buthaving cometoenlighten Israel,forhedidnot come“excepttothelost sheepofthehouse ofIsrael,”Matthew 15:24principally throughthepromise madetotheirfathers butwhichtheydid notreceive.Hehas mademoreclearbyfar theilluminationofthelightforallthenations.❧ Severus of Antioch, On NumbersFromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromNumbers.❧ 72Notfromamountain-top,aspreviouslyonSinaiwhentherewasavoicegivingthelaw andavisionofflamestandingtherebothsignifiedandshonearoundtheappearanceof divineglory.Andthatwasconcealedindarkness,butonhighitisnotpossibletounderstand anythingoftheonewhoismostexaltedandhasnobounds.Thebroadandmost conspicuousrisinginvolvesthesunofrighteousness,whichcomesround“tothosewho sitinspiritualdarknessandtheshadowofdeath.”cf. Luke 1:79Itremainsabovewithitsfull beams,andisfullypresentonearth,andfullyilluminatesthedarkcornersof Hades.Itneverrelinquishesitsfullness,norinitsdwellingwithus doesanydivisionoroutlineremainbehind.Howisthis?Ourweakmind willbeunabletounderstandit,norwillreasonexpressit,foritsurpassesthe comprehensionofallcreation.❧

Origen, Fragment 54 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 73Themotherwasbarrenandboththeparentswereaged.TheApostlesaysthatsuchabirth isaccordingtotheSpirit,asinthecaseofIsaac,borninasimilarmanner,that hewasbornaccordingtotheSpiritcf. Galatians 4:28–9,meaningaccordingtothepowerandthegiftoftheSpirit.What wasbornintheSpiritalsogrewupintheSpirit.ForitisnecessarythattheservantoftheLordshouldbe thetypeofpersonwhosurpassesallprophets.So,inthisway,hisfoodwasstrangeandhewas straightawayinthedesert:somehow,theonewhoindicatedtheChristbeyondtheworldlynorm wasalreadyselectedawayfromnormality.Hewasraisedawayfromtheevilofhumans sothathemight becometrustworthy incondemningevil.❧

Origen, Homily 11 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 74Theaccountwishes topresentagreat mystery,thatinthe censusofthewhole worlditwasnecessary forChristJesustobewritten, sothathavingbeenrecorded withthoseoftheworld hemightmakeholythe world,andhemightchange thiscensusinto abookoflivingpeople,inordertowriteupinheaventhenamescf. Luke 10:20ofthosewhowere recordedwithhimandwhobelievedinhim.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus,BishopofBostra.❧ 74Forsinceuniversalgracewasabouttoshineforthonalltheearth,onecommand comestopassthroughoutthewholeworld,whenoneSaviourisborninthewhole world.Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeAndalittlelateron.❧ThiscametopasssothatJosephshould xvi departintohisowncountry,inpreparationofreligiousharmony, inenteringwhatwasannounced.Thegovernmentoftheearthcorrespondstothe observationofreligion.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.1 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS8 75Theconceptionhappenedwhentheywereonlybetrothed.ThebirthofEmmanuelwas miraculousanddidnotfollowthenaturalhumanlaws.FortheholyVirgindid notgivebirthafteracceptingthesowingofhumanseed.Whatisthereason forthis?Christwasbornthefirstfruitsofall,thesecondAdam,accordingtothescriptures, bornoftheSpiritsothathemightsenditsgracetousaswell.Forwewereaboutto becalledchildren ofhumansno longer,butratherto obtainGod’srebirth throughthespirit firstinChrist,“sothat hemightcometo havefirstplacein everything,”Colossians 1:18justasthe all-wisePaul says.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.1 on LukeAndalittlelateron.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS8 Theoccasionofthe censusmost purposefullydispatched theholyVirgin toBethlehem,sothat wemightseeanother prophecyfulfilled.Foritiswritten“AndyouBethlehem,houseofEphrathah,are verysmalltobeamongthethousandsofJudah.Fromyoushalltherecomeforthforme tobeasrulerinIsrael.”Micah 5:2❧Isidore, Letter 48FromIsidorethePresbyter,fromLetter48.❧ 75TheLordwasenrolledwhilehewasbeingcarriedinthewomb.Thelawgivercompletedthecensus tobesubjectedtoCaesarinpowerwhenitcausednoharmfor religion.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai); Homily 1 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai)/Sermon 1, PS9 76Whatsortoffirst-born?ForshehadnootherSon,butshewasstillavirgineventhough shehadgivenbirthtotheChrist,thatoneassuredlyaboutwhomGodtheFatherspeaks ›throughthevoiceofDavid:“AndIwillwillsethimfirst-born,exaltedamongthekings ›oftheearth.”Psalm 88:28 LXXOfhimtheall-wisePaulalsomakesmention,saying:“Whenhebrings ›thefirst-bornintotheworld,hesays,‘LetalltheangelsofGodworshiphim.’”Hebrews 1:6 Thenhowdidheenterintotheworld?Forheisseparatefrom it,notinplacebutratherinnature,becauseheisdifferentinrespectofhis naturefromthosewhoarethroughoutthewholeworld.Heenteredintoit whenhebecamehuman andobtainedashare initthroughthe incarnation,eventhough divinelyhewastheonly- begotten.Whenhe becameourbrother, forthisreasonhewasalso calledfirst-born.Forhetakesfirstplace,asIhavesaid,amongallofthem.❧ Severus of Antioch, unknown workFromSeverustheArchbishop 76LetusacknowledgethatthewordofGodhasineffablydescendedfromheaven,andfromtheHolySpirit andfromtheverysubstanceoftheVirginhehastakenflesh,withoutchanginganddevoidof sin,andhasbecomecompletelyhuman,asPaulsays: ›“Whenthefullnessoftimehadcome,Godsenthisson, ›bornofawoman.”Galatians 4:4Forononehand,theconception,thebirth,theswaddlingclothesmaketrustworthy thetruthoftheincarnation;ontheotherhand,astarshowstothemagithebodiless descentfromabove.Frankincenseindicateshisdivinity,asitiscarriedtowardsGod. Goldbearswitnesstopoweroverallthings,asitliesunderthefeetoftheking. Thefragrantmyrrhdepictsthesalvificsufferingwhichheundertookinflesh xvii andthedestructionofdecaythroughthelifegivingtomb.Sobecauseofallthis letusbowbeforetheonewhorevealshimselfasthetrueGodincompleteself-emptying, askingforforgivenessofoursinsandhisgreatmercy.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)Fromanunattributedsource.❧This resembles part of Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS11 77Theonewhoisinfiniteisborninacave.Shelaidinamangertheonewhowasdivinely inthebosomofGodtheFather.Forhefindsnoplace.Weareallinoursins:God doesnotabidewiththosewhoareundersin.Hefoundhumanitymadelikebrutebeasts, foritwasbroughtintocomparisonwithfoolishflocksandmadelikethem.Lyingina manger,hecorrespondinglybecamelikefoodsothatweshouldchangeourlife asbeastsandbecarriedupintotheunderstandingwhichbefitswhatisabove.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 36FromSeverustheArchbishop, fromSermon36.❧ 77InthemangertheWord laidhimselfdownin wordlessness,showinghow hewillbeconcernedfor thosewhoarelike foolishbeastsandwill settleamongthem.❧

Origen, Homily 12 on Luke78Whyindeeddidtheangel notdescendinJerusalem andseekoutthe scribesandPharisees?Hedidnotenterintothesynagogueofthe Jews,buthefoundshepherds“livinginthefieldsandkeepingwatch overtheirflockbynight,”Luke 2:8andhespokethegoodnewstothem. Origen, Fragment 57 on LukeItisbecausetheothershadbeencorruptedandwereabouttobegoadedbyenvy,but theseshepherdswereunaffectedandeagerfortheancientwayoflifeofthepatriarchs, fortheytooweretheshepherdsofMoseshimself.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 2 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 2 on Luke (Syriac), PS13 78Shepherdsbecamethefirstofthosewhoreceivedknowledgeofthemystery.Thetype looksagainintotruth.ForChristmakeshimselfmanifesttospiritualshepherds, sothattheymayspeakthegoodnewstotheothers,justastheshepherdsthendoubtlessdid. First,theyweretaughtbytheholyangels,thentheyrantotheothersandproclaimedthe goodnews.Angelsthereforeinitiatetheproclamationsabouthim,andtheyproclaimhisglory asGodwhowasbornmiraculouslyinfleshfromawoman.ForGod,theLordofall,wasin theformwhichcorrespondstoours,sothathemightreleasethecursewhichwassetonthe firstwoman.Foritwassaidtoher“inpainwillyoubearchildren.”Genesis 3:16Forasthey bearchildrenwhichwill die,theyhavethesting ofgrief.Butsince awomanhasborne Emmanuelin theflesh,whois life,thepowerofthe curseisreleased.Hehas extinguished,alongwithdeath, givingbirthinpainstillfor themotherswhoareonearth.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 2 on LukeFromthesame,Saint CyrilCyril, Sermon 2 on Luke (Syriac), PS14 79Wheneveryousee ababywrappedinswaddling clothes,donotstayin yourthoughtonlyupto itsbirthintheflesh, butleapuptocontemplation ofitsgodlike glory.Ascend intotheheaven:thusyouwillbeholdhiminthehighestpeakspossessing all-surpassingglory.Youwillseehim“sittingonaloftyandelevatedthrone”Isaiah 6:1; youwillheartheseraphimsinginghispraise,sayingthatboththeheaven andtheeartharefullofhisglory.Butthishasalsocometopassontheearth:for thegloryofGodshonearoundtheshepherdscf. Luke 2:9,andtherewas“amultitudeoftheheavenlyhost”Luke 2:13 praisingChrist.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 2 on LukeAndalittlelateron.Cyril, Sermon 2 on Luke (Syriac), PS16Thereforedonotlookontheonewholiesinamanger xviii simplyasababy,butseeinourpovertytheonewho,asGod,isrich.For thisreasonheisglorifiedevenbytheholyangelsthemselves.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 2 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 2 on Luke (Syriac), PS16 80ForangelsandallthehighestpowershavepeacewithGod,whopreservedforthem theirappointedorder,yetinnomannerdotheytransgresswhathedecidesbut theyareinanestablishedorderwhichaccordswithjusticeandholiness.We wretches,however,havesetupourowndesiresinplaceofthewishesofthe masterandinourownorderwehavebecomehostiletohim.Yetthishasbeenundone throughChrist,“forheisourpeace.”Ephesians 2:14Forhehasunitedusthroughhimselftoour GodandFather,takingawayfrombetweenusthesinwhichcreateshostilityand justifyingusinfaith,He callsnearthosewho arefaroff,andina differentwayheforms thetwopeoplesinto onenewhumanity, makingpeaceand reconcilingbothin onebodyto theFather.ForitpleasedGodtheFathertorecapitulateallthingsinhim.Hehasbound togetherwhatisbelowtowhatisabove,andhasproclaimedoneflockthosewhoareinheaven andontheearth.AndsoChristhasbecomeforusbothpeaceandgoodwill.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 36 (cf. Origen, Fragment 58 on Luke)FromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon36.❧ 80Atfirstwhatiscelebratedthroughtheangelsishiddenfromtheshepherds. Theyarethetypeofthosewhowouldbeshepherdsofthechurches,andvery appropriately.Fortheyshouldlistentothewords“Onearthpeace”according totheirorder,sincetheywouldspeakofpeacetothewholefullness ofthechurch.Thefaceoftheshepherdsandthejoywhichcameonthem throughtherevelationindicatesclearlyhowtheGoodShepherdhascome forthesheepthatwandered.Forheknowsthatshepherdsareneverasjoyful asatthefindingofthelostmemberoftheflock,whichwasnotinanyoneelse’spower tofindbutthechiefshepherd,Christ.❧Severus of Antioch, Sermon 36 (cf. Origen, Fragment 60 on Luke)FromSeverus,fromthesamesermon.❧ 81Ah,atypeofdivinemystery!ForBethlehemistranslatedas“houseofbread,”whichis wheretheshepherds intendedtogoafter theproclamationofpeace, BecauseBeth- lehemis interpretedas houseofbreadtothespiritual houseoftheheavenly bread,whichmeans tohastentotheChurch. Christis“theliving breadwhichcamedown fromheaven”andis given“forthelife oftheworld,”John 6:51ashehimself saysinthegospels.❧ Severus of Antioch, Fragments on Luke: Υπακοη is the title of a sermon by Severus.Fromthesameagainin responseὑπακοή appears as the title of a homily by Severus [CPG 7039]..❧ 81TheShepherdofthe heavenlyspirits,andthe creatorofallperceptible andimperceptiblecreation wasgivenfleshandmade humanfromtheHolySpirit andfromtheGod-bearing Mary.Hewasbornasa childinBethlehem,which istranslatedas‘houseofbread’.Illuminatedbydivineandheavenlyglory,seeing thischildandtheheavenlyhostandhearingthesongofpraise,theshepherds seekhimhotfoot,saying“Letusgo,then,uptoBethlehem.”Luke 2:15Theyarealso theadvancetypeoftheshepherdsandpriestsoftheChurch,whosetaskisto seektheheavenlybreadandtheLambofGodwhotakesawaythesinof theworldandmysticallymakeseverythingholyaccordingtohisgreatmercy.❧One page is missing which would have contained Luke 2:20 and its commentary xix Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 3 on LukeCyril, Sermon 3 on Luke (Greek), PS21OftheHolySpiritandofthis,again,wasthatancientJesus(i.e.Joshua)atype,who wentintobattlewithMoses.ForhefirstmadethesonsofIsraelcrosstheJordan,and thenstraightawayhestoppedthemandcircumcisedthemwithstoneknives.Therefore whenwehavecrossedtheJordan,thenChristcircumcisesusinthepoweroftheSpirit: hedoesnotcleansethefleshbutrathercutsoutthedefilementinsouls.Accordingly, inusChristcircumcisesandtakesonhisname(i.e.Saviour),asIhavesaid.Forthen, eventhenwerewesavedthroughhim.❧

Severus of Antioch, Letter III.74 to Caesaria the NoblewomanFromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromtheLettertoCaesariatheNoblewomanBrooks 97.❧ 82ThatproblemwhichyouhaveaskedisfromtheDocetistswhofollowtheManichees. Theythinkthattheyarepropoundingsomethingirrefutableandtheyassert:“IftheLord submittedtocircumcision accordingtothelaw, justasthegospel ›says:“Wheneight ›dayswerefulfilled ›itwastimeto ›circumcisethechild; ›andhewascalled ›Jesus,”Luke 2:21whatbecame ofhisforeskin?” Forthosewretchedpeoplethinkthatweareenclosedintoconfusion,andtheydonot knowthattorefusetheacknowledgementofwhatiswrittenbecauseofwhatisnotwritten isonlycharacteristicoftheirownfollyandgodlessness.Fornotonlydoesthegospel bearwitnessthroughthesewordswhichhavebeencitedthathewascircumcised ›accordingtothelaw,butalsoPaul,writingtotheRomans,said:“ForItellyouthatChrist ›hasbecomeaservantofthecircumcisedonbehalfofthetruthofGod,inorderthathemight ›confirmthepromisesgiventothepatriarchs.”Romans 15:8FortothepatriarchsAbraham,Isaacand Jacobboththecovenantofcircumcisionwasgivenandthepromisewasmadethatall thecountriesofthenationswouldbeblessedintheiroffspring.Buttheiroffspring ›wasChrist.ItwasabouthimthatwritingtotheGalatiansPaulsaid:“Nowthepromises ›weremadetoAbrahamandtohisoffspring.Itdoesnotsay‘Andtooffsprings’asofmany, ›butitsays‘Andtoyouroffspring’,thatis,tooneperson,whoisChrist.”Galatians 3:16AndsoChrist cametofulfilthegoalofthesepromises,andtrulytosubmitto circumcisionaccordingtotheflesh,andtofulfiltheministrywhich consistsofthis.ForministryandserviceisthewholereasonforGod’s dispensation.Thusbyfaithinhimhecaughtallthenationsandmadethem childrenofAbraham.So,asthedivinely-inspiredscripturesaysthathewas trulycircumcised,whowoulddaretosaythathedidnotsubmittocircumcision? Thisiswhatthosewhomaintainthisfantasywishtodeny,alongwith otherthings.Andsincenothingiswrittenaboutthepartofhimwhich wascircumcised–Iamspeakingofhisforeskin–forthesakeofthiswillwe notagreethathewastrulycircumcised?Hesaid“Forthusitisfittingforus tofulfilall righteousness”Matthew 3:15andhe wasmadelikeus “inallthingsyetwithout sin.”cf. Hebrews 4:15Forperchance evensomedivinemiracle tookplaceconcerning thatpartwhichwascutoff, whichscriptureleftunknowntous,andguessingatthingswhichareundisclosed isextremelydangerous.Itiscertainlyclearlyestablishedinhisregardthatwhen herosefromthedead,healsokeptthisuncorrupted,asitwasapartwhichbelonged tohiswholebody,accordingtotheineffablewordswhichheknewtoguarditforthis purpose.Forwetooourselvesintheresurrectionwillreceiveourownbodycomplete: itwillnothavediminutionfromwoundsoranyothersortofsuffering,butwillbe healthyandperfect.Butitisgoodtoquestiontheimpious,whothinkthatfromsuch questionstheyscarethosewhobelievecorrectlyandtheyreducethemtonot acknowledgingthattheLordsufferedtruesufferingsintheflesh.Whatdotheysay aboutthebloodwhichcameforthfromhisimmaculatesidemixedwithwater? Wasitcarriedintotheearth?Forneitheristhisacknowledgedbytheholy xx scriptureofthegospels.Buttheywillbeanxiousatthefearoflossand,theysay, itisconsistentforthemtosaythatinappearanceonlyandnotintruthdidthe bloodflow.John,whobecameBishopofConstantinopleandheraldofthedispensation ofthetruth,hasspokenwithboldnesswhenhebeganinthesermonwhichis writtendown‘AbouttheCrossandabouttheRobber’:hedidnotfearthefearof theseunholypeople,butsaidthattheblooddrippedontheearthandpurified allofit.Hehaswrittenasfollows:“Forwhatreasonisheslaughteredontheheight ›ofthescaffoldandnotunderaroof?Sothathemightpurifythenatureoftheair: ›forthisreasonitisonhighandnotwitharooflyingabove,butwiththeheaven ›lyingabove.Forwhiletheairwaspurifiedwhenthesheepwassacrificedonhigh, ›theearthwasalsopurified,fortheblooddrippedonitfromtherib.”So,ifalso accordingtothis account,theforeskin thatwascircumcised touchedtheearth, assuredlyitsanctifiedit. Andtheonewhowas willinglycircumcised forthereasonsheknew, justasheanticipatedwhen hesaid,entirelypreserved it.Atthemomentoftheresurrection,lackingnothinginthisrespect,hearose completeanduncorruptedwithhiswholebody.However,heshowedthemarks ofthenailsandthespear,inwhichhewillalsobeseenbythosewhopiercedhim, accordingtotheunerringsayingsofthedivinely-inspiredscripture.❧ This line appears to be blank NB.Becauseitistheanswermatching(?)thequestion.❧This appears to be a note corresponding to the indication in the margin of fol. 19v. It is not found in Codex Palatinus.

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧ 83Onthefortiethdaytherewasapurificationaccordingtothelaw,becausethedevelopmentof themalealsotakesfortydays.Thisisasignthattheformationitselfrequiredcleansingfrom God.InthecaseofChrist,theformationwasholy:itwasnotfromhumanseedsbutfrom divinepower.Whatwasbornwasalsoholy,butitwasnotsobybeingbeenmadeholy;he wascleannotbybeingcleansed.Similarly,hewasbaptisedwhenhedidnotneedcleansing throughwater,butsothatheshouldmakethewatersofbaptismholyandsothathe shouldfulfilallrighteousness,cf. Matthew 3:15inobediencetotheprophet.Inthisway,then,forhis purificationanofferingwasmadefortheonewhodidnotrequirepurification,dovesand pigeons,asignofhissimpleandmodestbehaviour.Suchthingsareshadowsandtypes forhumans,butinthecaseofChristtheyarethetruth:forheisthepoweroftruemodesty, andthestateofbeingoftruesimplicity.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)Fromanunattributedsource.❧Probably the additional Mai Fragment alluded to at the end of PS23 83Tellme,whatsortofpurification wasit,whenitwasnotthe unionofwomanandman? Whenitwasnotsleepnor pleasurewhichcametogether? Whenitwasnotmarriage, notcopulation?Whatsortofpurification?For,evangelist,thereisnoaccountofabed,for theGod-bearerisnotstruckbythepainsofEvewhenshebearsgods.Thecursewhichwas inparadisedoesnotholdswaythere,forthevirginmotherdidnotconceiveandgivebirth inthesamewayasotherwomen.Thepurificationofwhichyounowreadandwrite,Luke hintstousbyusingthesameword,purification:itisnotofdefiledortransientfleshin themannerofthosewhogivebirthandareborn.Awaywithyou!Fortheoffspringfromthe onewhohadnotexperiencedmarriagewasundefiledandabsolute,sincehisoriginwasfrom theFatherwithoutintermediarybeforeeternity.Butitremindsusoftheformationofthe earthlyAdamandEve,whichwasholyandpureofanyfilthandblemish,strongerthanany disgrace,andhownotoneofthesethingswaspresupposed.Oncetheyhadbeendisobedient, itwasmadesubjecttolabourand,fromtheirturningasideitwasboundtoaturnfortheworse insteadofthebetterutterances:acurseinsteadofablessing,anddeathinsteadofimmortality.One or two pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 2:22–33 and its commentary. xxi

Basil, Letter 260 ("To Optimus the Bishop")+FromSaintBasil;likewiseOrigen.❧ 86IthinkthattheLordis“forthefallingandtherising”Luke 2:34notwhensomefallandothers rise,butwhenthesamepersonmayberaisedupforgreatergoodness.Forwhilethe adventoftheLordisdestructiveofourbodilyaffections,itstimulatestheproper qualitiesofthesoul.AswhenPaulsays“WheneverIamweak,thenIamstrong,”2 Corinthians 12:10the samepersonisweakandstrong:yetwhileheisweakintheflesh,heisstrongintheSpirit. ThustootheLorddoesnotprovidesomepeopletheopportunityforfallingandothersthe opportunityforrising.Forthosewhofallfromthestateinwhichtheyoncewereveryclearly falldownwards,buttheunbelieverneverstands.Healwaystrailsalongthegroundafter thesnakeatthepoint wherehefell.Hehas nowherethentofallfrom, becausehehasbeen castdowninhisunbelief. When,throughthefirst gooddeed,theone whostoodinsin fallsanddies,then helivesinrighteous- nessandrisesas faithinChrist grantstoeachoneofus.Lettheworsefall,sothatthebettermaytaketheopportunity fortheresurrection.Iffornicationdoesnotfall,chastitydoesnotrise.Ifirrationalityisnot ›diminished,therationalitywhichisinusdoesnotflourish.Sothismanis“forthefalling andtherisingofmany,andtobeasignthatwillbeopposed.”Luke 2:34Wehavecometoknowin ›particularthat“asign”inthedivinescriptureisthecross.ForitsaysthatMosesplaced thesnakeon“asign,”Numbers 21:8thatisonacross.Thisisasignindicativeofsomething strangeandobscure,seenbythembutunderstoodonlybythosewho arereadyforunderstanding.Theydonotceasequarrelingaboutthe incarnationoftheLord:someassertthatthebodywasassumedandothersthat hisdwellingherewasbodiless;someclaimthathisbodycouldexperience sufferingandothersthatinsomewayanillusionfulfilledthebodilydispensation; othersstillsaythatthebodywasearthlyandothersthatitwasheavenly;somesaythatheexistedbefore timebegan,whileotherssaythathetookhisbeginningfromMary.Forthisreason,heis“asignthatwill beopposed.”❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 4 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 4 on Luke, PS27 86ForEmmanuelwasplacedbyGodtheFatherforthefoundationsofSion,beingastone whichwas“acornerstone,chosenandprecious.”Isaiah 28:16, 1 Peter 2:6Thosewhobelievedinhimwerenotput toshame,butthosewhowereunbelievers,andwereunabletoseethemysteryregarding him,fellandwerecrushed.ForagainourGodandFathersaidsomewhere:“See,Iam placinginSionastoneofstumblingandarockofscandal,andtheonewhobelievesinit isnotputtoshame.”Isaiah 28:16“Itwillcrushtheoneonwhomitfalls.”Luke 20:18Buttheprophethasassured thepeopleofIsraelofsafety, ›saying:“Sanctifythe ›Lordhimself,andhe ›willbeyourfear.And ›ifyouhavebelievedin ›him,hewillbeyour ›sanctification,andyouwillnotencounterhiminthemannerofastumblingstonenorasa ›rockofoffence.”Isaiah 8:13ThereforeasIsraeldidnotsanctifyEmmanueleventhoughhewastheLord andGod,andtheywerenotwillingtobelieveinhim,likethosewhotriponastonethey werewornawaybecauseoftheirunbeliefandhavefallen.Yetmanyhavearisen,namely thosewhohaveacceptedfaithinhim.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 4 on LukeAndagain.❧Cyril, Sermon 4 on Luke, PS27 ›OrthemostwisePaulalsowrites:“Thecrossisastumbling-blocktoJewsand ›foolishnesstoGentiles.”1 Corinthians 1:23Andagain,“Themessageaboutthecrossisfoolishnesstothose ›whoareperishing,buttouswhoarebeingsaveditisthepowerofGodforsalvation.”1 Corinthians 1:18❧ xxii

Basil, Letter 260 ("To Optimus the Bishop")FromSaintBasil.❧ 77Itsaysthatthetestingwordisasword,whichjudgesthoughts and“piercesuntilitdividessoulfromspirit,jointsfrommarrow, andjudgesthethoughts.”Hebrews 4:12Nowitfollowsthatatthetimeofthepassion, everysoulwassubjectedtothattypeofjudgement,accordingto thevoiceoftheLordwhosaid“Youwillallbescandalisedinme”Matthew 26:33. SimeonalsoprophesiesaboutMaryherselfthat‘asyoustandbythe crossandseewhatcomestopassandhearthevoicesafterthe testimonyofGabriel,afterthesecretknowledgeofthedivine conception,afterthegreatrevelationofthemiracles,therewillbea turbulencearoundyoursoul.ButitwasnecessaryfortheLordtotastedeath onbehalfofallandto becometheworld’s atoningsacrifice,to justifyallpeopleinhisown blood.Andthereforea separationwilltoucheven certainyou,whohavebeen taughtthethingsabouttheLordfromabove’:thisisthesword.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on Zechariah/Fragment on Luke (Mai)FromSaintCyril,ArchbishopofAlexandria,fromtheCommentaryonZechariah.❧Fragment on Luke (Mai), footnote on PS28 87Weaffirmthatinthesecontextsitismadeclearthattheswordistemptation, asintheformofadagger,oreventhepassionitselfwhichwasbroughtupon EmmanuelbythemadnessoftheJews.ItseemsthattherighteousSimeon understooditinthiswayand,indeed,evensaidsowhentheholyVirginbrought theeight-day-oldJesus:“Andaswordwillpierceyourownsoul.”Luke 2:35ForIsimply say,wasshenotstruckdownbyaswordwhenshesawtheonewhowasborn fromherinfleshbeingcrucified?Itsays“Osword,awakeagainstmy shepherd”Zechariah 13:7,meaninglettheredeemingpassionbeenactedrightaway, andletthemomentcomeoftherevelationofwhatisgood.❧

Basil, Letter 260 ("To Optimus the Bishop")FromSaintBasil.❧ 88IthintsthatafterthescandalatthecrossofChristwhichcomesboth onthedisciplesandonMaryherself,aformofhealingwillfollowonswiftly fromtheLord,whichstrengthenstheheartforfaithinhim.Forthuswe seethatPetertooclung fasttofaithinChrist: hishumanweakness wasexposedsothat thestrengthofthe Lordmightbeshown.❧ The rest of this page is blank. Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 2:40–3:5. xxiii

Origen, Homily 22 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 4“Mountainsandhills”aretheopposingpowers:throughtheindwellingofChrist “theyhavebeenmadelow.”Luke 3:5“Valleys”arethepeoplewhohavebeenfilledwithgood deeds.Everythingthatis“crookedhasbeenmadestraight”Luke 3:5:foreachofuswascrooked andyet,intheindwellingofChristwhichreachesoursoul,whateveriscrooked becomesstraight.❧Origen, Homily 22 on LukeAndagain.Roughwasourlifeanditsreasonprecarious,but whenourLordcamehemadeeverythingsmooth.Andwhilethishasalsocometopass fortheGentiles,forhisotherpeople,whohavebeenmadelow,“everymountain andhillwillbemadelow.”Luke 3:5Fortheywereonceamountainandhill,buttheyhave beenmadelowandhumbled.❧

John Chrysostom, Homily 10 on MatthewFromSaintJohn,ArchbishopofConstantinople.❧ 5NolongerJewsorproselytesonly,butalsotheentirenatureofhumankind. Forthroughalllife oftheroughplaces beingdestroyed,it hintedthattaxcollectors andprostitutes androbbersand magicians,who hadpreviously turnedaside, laterwalkedalongthestraightpath.Thisiswhathehimselfsaid:“Taxcollectors andprostitutesaregoingbeforeyouintothekingdomofGod.”Matthew 21:31❧John Chrysostom, Homily 10 on MatthewAndalittlelateron.❧ “AllfleshwillseethesalvationofGod”Luke 3:6everywhereshowsthatthepower andtheknowledgeofthesegoodtidingswillbepouredouttotheends oftheworld,awayfrombrutalbehaviourandaharshwill,changing thehumanracetogreatkindnessandgentleness.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.13 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS33 5NolongerjustIsrael,but“allflesh”.FortheSaviourandLordofallthingsdoes notkeephisgentlenesslimited,nordidhesaveonenation:rather,hehascaught inhisneteverythingundertheheaven.Heenlightenedthoseindarkness.This ›waswhatwascelebratedbythelyreofthePsalmist:“Allthenationswhich youhavemadewillcomeandworshipbeforeyou,Lord.”Psalm 85:9 LXXTheyhavebeensavedtogetherwiththe remnantofthosefromIsrael,whichisjustwhatthegreatMoseslongagoalsodeclared, speakingasfollows:“Rejoiceyounationswithhispeople.”Deuteronomy 23:43❧

Origen, Homily 22 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 6Seehowgreatisthecominganger.Itoverturnstheworld.Itpunishesthosewho lackeducation.Eachpersonmakesmaterialforitfromthedeedstheyhavedone. “Sobearfruitsworthyofrepentance.”Luke 3:8Butwhatarethesefruits?“Peace,patience, kindness,goodness,faith,gentleness,self-control”Galatians 5:22–23andwhateverisin harmonywiththese.ButJohnprophesiesthedestructionoftheoriginalpeople andthecallingoftheGentiles.TothosewhoboastaboutAbrahamhesays: ›“Donotbegintosay ›‘WehaveAbraham ›asourancestor’”Luke 3:8and ›thensaysabout ›theGentiles: ›“ForIsaytoyou ›thatGodisable ›toraiseup ›childrenforAbraham ›fromthesestones.”Luke 3:8❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 7 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 7 on Luke (Syriac), followed by a Greek fragment in Mai, PS34 6TheblessedBaptistwasfulloftheSpirit.Hewasnotunawareoftheoutragesthere wouldbeagainstChristfromtheevilbehaviouroftheJews.Forheforeknewthat theywouldalsodisbelievehimandtheywouldwagtheirvenomoustongueandhurl insults.Accordingly,havingthesethingsinview,heevencallswickedthoseofthem whocometotheirsenses.Hecriticisesthembecauseeventhoughtheyhadthelawwhich speaksofthemysteryofChristandtheforewarningsoftheprophetsrelatingtothis,theyhave ››becomedullintheirhearingandreluctantforfaithinChristtheSaviourofall.“Forwhowarned ››youtofleefromthecominganger?”Luke 3:7Wasitnotthedivinely-inspiredscripture,whichsays thatthosewhobelieveinChristareblessed,butforewarnsthattheunbelieving andfaithlesswillhavehardandinescapablepunishmentsimposedonthem.UnlessAt least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 3:8b–11a. xxiv Origen, Homily 23 on Luketohavetwotunicsandwearthem.Onewouldbetheoldandtheotherwouldbethenewcf. Colossians 3:9–10. Insteadweshouldtakeoffone,butkeeptheother.Theywerealsoaskingabout“Share withanyonewhohasnone.”Luke 3:11Whoisitwhodoesnothaveevenonegarmentaround hisskinandisuncovered,sothatwemaysharewiththem?Idonotmeanthatthisis impossibleandthatthisisanexaggeratedencouragementtowardsthedutytoclothe thepoorandnottobeheedlessofthecommandment.❧

Origen, Homily 23 on LukeFromthesame,Origen.❧ 11Persuadethe taxcollectorsthat theyshouldnottake fromthosewhoare taxedanythingexcept whatissetdownaccording tothetaxes.Fortheone whocontravenesthis contravenesthecommand- mentnotofJohn butoftheHoly Spiritwhichisinhim.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.20 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragment on Luke in Cramer, PS36 12Seehow,justasa knowledgeablephysician appliestoeachsickness anefficaciousand fittingremedy, sotheBaptisthimselfgavetoeachprofessionabeneficialandappropriate word.Tothecrowdswhowereproceedingtowardsrepentance,hegave theordertotakecareforeachother;forthetaxcollectorsheshutsoffthe pathtounrestrainedgreed.Hecallswithgreatwisdomtothesoldiersnotto oppressanyone.ForGoddoesnotcastoffanyonewhoconductsthemselves properlyandjustlyaccordingtotheirownchoice.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 10 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 10 on Luke (Syriac), PS38 13SoadmirableandgreatwasJohnthatthecrowdsoftheJewswentasfarastosuggest that,somehow,hemightbetheChristhimself,whohadbeendescribedthrough theshadowofthelawandhadbeenheraldedbeforehandbytheholyprophets. Assoonassomepeopleventuredthistypeofsuggestion,heputsanendtothe conjecturegivingwaylikeaservanttothehonoursofhismaster.Forthedistance betweenGodandhumanisimmeasurable.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 10 on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Sermon 10 on Luke (Syriac), PS39 14Foritisapeculiarproperty oftheuniquesubstance whichtranscendseverything tobeabletosendthe HolySpiritintosome, andtorevealasparticipants inthedivinenature thosewhodrawneartoit. Thisexistsnotintaking andsharingwhatisfrom someoneelse,butas personalandbelongingin substancetoChrist,for“he baptizesintheHolySpirit.”cf. Luke 3:16 So,then,heisGodandthe fruitofthesubstanceofGod theFather,theincarnate Word.Butheaccomplished thisevenwhenhebecame human,ashewastheoneSonwiththefleshunitedtohiminanineffableand incomprehensiblemanner.AndsotheblessedBaptist,afterstatingbeforehand that“Iamnotworthytobendanduntiethethongofhissandals”immediately added,“ThismanwillbaptiseyouwiththeHolySpiritandfire.”Luke 3:16Clearlyhehadfeet andsandals,forno-oneiftheyhadanysensewouldsayhehadfeetandsandalswhile xxv theWordwaswithoutfleshandhadnotyetbeenmadelikeus,butonlywhenhebecame human.SincehedidnotceasebeingGod,hecontinuedevensotoactinadivineway, givingtheSpirittothosewhobelieveinhim.Forhe,inoneandthesameperson, washimselfatthesametimebothGodandhuman.❧Origen, Homily 26 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 15Ifyouwereholy,youwouldbebaptisedintheHolySpirit,butifyouwereasinner,you wouldbebaptisedinthisfire.Forthesamebaptismresultsinfireandjudgmentforthose whoareunworthyandwronglybaptised,butforthosewhoarerightlybaptisedandontheway tosalvationitresultsintheHolySpiritandsalvation.Thismanwhobaptizes“intheHoly Spiritandfire”issaidtohave“awinnowing-faninhishandandtocleasethoroughlythe threshingfloorandtogatherthegrainintohisstorehouse,buttoburnupthechaff withunquenchable fire.”Luke 3:17Iwishtosee inwhatmanner myLordJesushas awinnowingfanand whatsortofwindisblowing. Foronacalmdaythe winnowingfanis totallyuseless forthis.Thechaffisseparatedtoafittingplace,whilethegrainovercomesthewind andiscarrieddownalltogether.Seethattherearenevertemptationswhichseparate thechaff:itisthewindwhichrevealsthatthegrainisgrainCodex Zacynthius reads τον σιτον οτι εστι σητος, literally “ that the grain is of a moth ”, but as this is not found in the standard text of Origen it appears to be a spelling error due to the similar sound of σιτος and σητος. If the variant were originally intended as a pun, it could be translated as “ that the grain is greying ”..Soifeveryouhave beenovercomewhenyoursoulwastempted,thetemptationdidnotmakeyouinto chaffbutprovedthatyoualreadywerechaffandlightweightandfaithless.Onthe otherhandifyoueverwithstoodthetemptationwhenatemptationhappened,the temptationdidnotmadeyoufaithfulandpatientbutbroughttolightthevirtueof patiencewhichiswithinyou.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 10 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 10 on Luke (Syriac), PS41 15See!saystheblessedBaptist,thethreshingfloorbelongstoChristasmaster. Forthushecleansesit,separatinganddistinguishingthechafffromthegrain. Butwhilethegrainiscarriedintothestorehouse,whichmeansthatitisconsideredworthy ofsafetyandGod’spreservationandprotectionandlove,thechaff,asitisuseless matter,isconsumedbyfire.❧

Origen, Homily 27 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 16Onewhoteachesthewordofthegospeldoesnotproclaimasinglething,but more,fortheyhave thepromised understandingthat manythingsare proclaimed.SoJohn proclaims“many otherthings”Luke 3:18andthey arenotwrittendown because,whenthe realitywastoogreat tobecommittedto writing,Lukewassilent.

Origen, Homily 27 on LukeFromthesame 17Withgreatillegality Herodmarriedthe wifeofhis brother,against thelawofMoses. ButJohn,un- daunted,who showedno partiality,didnotfearhisprincelyauthority.Hedidnothinglessthan fulfilthefreedomofpropheticspeech.HecondemnedHerodfortheillegality ofhismarriageandwaslockedupinprison.Nottakingthoughtfordeath, hedidtakethoughtaboutChrist.Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 3:21–38. xxvi

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 12 on LukeFromSaintCyril,ArchbishopofAlexandria.❧Cyril, Sermon 12 on Luke (Syriac), PS50 22NowIaskyoutolookathowhumannatureisanointedbythegraceofthe HolySpiritinChristasfirstfruitsandcrownedwiththehighesthonours. Forlongago,theGodofallmadeapromise,sayingthat:“Itshallcometo passinthosedaysthatIpouroutoutmySpiritonallflesh.”Joel 2:28Whatwaspromised isfulfilledforusinChristfirst.AndChristsomewheresaidaboutthoseofold whohadgivenwaywithoutrestrainttoloveoftheflesh,“MySpiritwillnot ›dwellinthesehumansbecausetheyareflesh.”Genesis 6:3Sinceeverythinghasbecome ›newinChristandwehavebeenenrichedbyrebirththroughtheSpirit andwater,wearenolongercalledchildrenoffleshandbloodbutrather wecallGodourFather:thereforeitisveryappropriatethat,beinginhonour fromnowonand havingtheglorious boastofadoption, wehavebecome partakersofthedivine naturethroughthesharingoftheHolySpirit.Buthe,whenhebecameamongus thefirst-borntomanybrothersandyieldedhimselftoemptiness,isthefirstto receivetheSpiriteventhoughheishimselfthegiveroftheSpirit,sothatworthiness shouldalsocometousthroughhimandthegraceofthefellowshipwiththeHoly Spirit.Paulalsoteachesussomethingofthissortwhenhetalksabouthimandus: “FortheonewhosanctifiesandthosewhoaresanctifiedallhaveoneFather.Forthis reasonJesusisnotashamedtocallthembrothers,saying,‘Iwillproclaimyourname amongmybrothers’.”Hebrews 2:11–12Sinceheiscompletelyunashamedtocallusbrothersbecause ofhisassumptionofourlikeness,becausehetransferredtohimselfourpoverty,he issanctifiedwithuseventhoughhehimselfsanctifiesthewholecreation,sothat heshouldnotappeartoberefusingthemeasureofhumanity.Hedidnotfleefrom beingbornhumanforthesakeofthesalvationandthelifeofall,andwasborn inourlikenessineveryrespectwhateverapartfromsinalone.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 12 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 12 on Luke (Syriac), PS51 23What,then,is“Hewasled”?Notsomuchthathewastakenaway,butthathe spenttimeandmadehisdwelling.Forweourselvesarealsoaccustomedina fashiontosayofeveryonewholivesinmoderation,‘Thisparticularpersonleads hislifewell’.SoJesusmadehisdwellinginthedesert“intheSpirit”:thismeans spiritually.Forhehadfasted,givingabsolutelynothingasnourishmentforthe needsofthebody.Hewasnothimselfinneedoffasting,butheisatypeforus: hesetuphisownaffairsasatemplateandwasmadeanexampleofanexceptional andadmirablelifeamongus.Forfromwherecouldweknowthat,forthoseon earth,lovingtospendtimeindesertedplacesisbeneficialandnecessaryfor salvation?Forsuchpeoplegoaway,asifitwerefromwavesandstormsandthe uselessdistractionsofthispresentlife.AsifinkeepingwiththeblessedJoseph, theystripoffandreturnto theworldeverythingthat belongstoitcf. Genesis 39:12.Heshows tothosewhochoose toliveinthisway thatabstinenceisa necessity,ofwhichfasting isthefruit.ForthuswillSatanbedefeatedwhenhetempts.Accordinglyyou tooshouldfirstputonthearmourofGod,thebreastplateoffaith,thehelmet ofsalvationcf. 1 Thessalonians 5:8.Youshouldfirst“beclothedwithpowerfromonhigh,”Luke 24:49 meaningthatyoushouldberevealedasapartakerintheHolySpiritthrough thepreciousbaptism,andthenyoushouldchoosetoestablishthelifethat isdesirableandheldinhonourwithGod.Thenyouwilllayholdofthedeserts withspiritualpower;thenyouwillfastinaholyfashionandmortify pleasuresandyouwillbestrongerthanSatanwhenhetemptsyou. Severus of Antioch, Against the Testament of LampetiusFromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromhistreatiseagainsttheTestamentofLampetios.❧ 23Justashewasbaptisedforuseventhoughhedidnotneedpurification,beinghimselfthe purificationandsanctificationofthewaters,sohebothfastsandistemptedonourbehalf. Intherespectthatheistrulyhuman,heattractsthetemptationofthedevil;intherespectthat heisGod,hehimselfisunapproachablebythetempter.AndfromthetemptationhehimselfdidnotAt least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 4:3–5. xxvii Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.25 on LukeCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS55itwashewhowasworshippedeverywhere.ButthelawofGod,havingplacedhimoutside thedominionwhichhadbeencontrivedforhimbytrickery,commandedtoworshiptheone whobynatureandintruthisGod,andtoperformservicetohimalone.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.26 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS56 26Thedevilbringsup athirdtemptation, thatofvanity.Buthe alsoshotwideof hisaimforthis. “Foritissaid,” hesays,“Donotput theLordyourGodtothe test.”Luke 4:12ForGoddoesnot grantaidtothose whotempt,but tothosewhobelieve inhim.Nor, becauseheconsiders usworthyofbeing spared,shouldwe makeanexhibition ofourselves.Tothose whotemptedhim,Christ nevergaveasign. For“awickedand adulterousgeneration asksforasign, andasignshallnotbegiventoit.”Matthew 16:4LetSatanhearthisevennowwhenhetempts. ThereforewehavebeenvictoriousinChristandtheonewhoonceheldpowerinAdam hasdepartedinshame,sothatwemighthavehimunderourfeet.ForwhenChrist wasvictorious,thenhesentontousaswelltheabilitytobevictorious.“See,”he says,“Ihavegivenyoupowertotrampleonsnakesandscorpionsandonallthepower oftheenemy.”Luke 10:19Observehowmaliciouslyhewishesthroughtheuseofthescriptures totakeawaythegloryoftheLord,asifheneededtheassistanceofangels,asthough hewouldstumbleunlessangelsassistedhim.Fortheapplicationofthepsalmisnot spokenaboutChrist,forthemasteroftheangelshasnoneedofangels.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus.❧ 27Havingcompletedthesethreetemptations,thedevilwithdrew.Sowhich arethesethree? Gluttony, avarice, vanity.He doesnothaveother temptationsbutthese. Adamwasfirsttempted throughhisstomach, sincehedidnot haveavarice orvanity.Asthe Lordisofallpeople andno-oneelse exists,thedevildoes notbringupanger tohim,forhedidnot haveanythingtobeangry about.Inthebeginning hestartedwith gluttony;nowtoo hestartedfromthesameplace.Butwhatis“Untilanopportunetime”Luke 4:13?Hewaswaitingforthe wickednessoftheJews.ButChristcameforthisreason,thatheshouldfulfiltheaimofthe divinedispensation.❧ xxviii

Origen, Homily 32 on LukeFromOrigen.❧ 28Sincehewasstillintendingtocompete,inthetemptationagainstthedeviltheSpiritisnamedtwice withoutanyqualification.Butwhenhehasfoughtandovercomethethreetemptationswritten above,payattentiontotheaccuracyofscriptureabouttheSpirit.Itsaysthat“Jesusreturned inthepoweroftheSpirit.”Luke 4:14Ithasadded“inthepower”becausehewasthecompetitorwho wasvictorious.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.27 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS58 28Leavingasidehiswayoflifeinthecities,hedweltindeserts.Therehefastedand wastemptedbySatan;therehewasvictoriousonourbehalf;therehecrushedthe headsofthedragon;there,astheblessedDavidsays,“Theswordsoftheenemy failedintheirgoalandcitiesweredestroyed,”Psalm 9:7 LXXmeaningthosewhowerelikeatower andcities.Accordingly,havingprevailedoverSatanandhavingcrownedinhis ownpersonhumannaturewiththeprizesagainstthatopponent,hereturnedto Galileeinthe poweroftheSpirit, exercisingdivine activityandpower, performingvery manymiracles, andhereceived muchadmiration fromeveryone. Hewrought signsofdivinity notassomeone fromoutsidewhohadobtainedthegiftoftheSpirit,likethecompanyofthesaints, butratherbeingbynatureandintruthSonofGodtheFather,andpossessingwhat hehadashisowninheritance.Indeed,hesaidtohim“thatallthatismineisyours,and whatisyoursismine,andIhavebeenglorifiedinthem.”John 17:10Hehasthereforebeenglorified throughexercisingashisownpowerandactivitythatoftheconsubstantialSpirit.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.28 on Luke29Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS58SinceitwasnecessarytomakehimselfmanifestfromthenontothosefromtheraceofIsrael, andtounveilthemysteryoftheincarnationtothosewhodidnotknowit,andashehad beenanointedbyGodtheFatherforthesalvationofwhatisundertheheaven,inallwisdom healsomakesthis dispensation.Hegrants this,evenbeforethe others,tothosefrom Nazarethwithwhom hewasnurtured,Imean accordingtotheflesh.

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.28 on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS58 30Mostdistinctlythroughthese words,hewastheone sayingthroughthe voiceoftheprophet thathebothwouldbemade humanandwouldcometo savewhatisundertheheaven. ForweaffirmthattheSonhad beenanointedinnootherway exceptthathewasborn accordingtotheflesh, meaningaccordingto ournature,andhewas madehuman: Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 4:20–31. xxix

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments II.39–40 on Luke38Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS66FortheJewsthoughtthatChristwasnothingotherthanoneofthesaintsand thathecameintotheirmidstintherankofaprophet,but,sothattheymight haveagreateropinionandideaofhim,hesurpassesthemeasureofaprophet. Forheneversaid“thussaystheLord,”asofcoursewastheircustom,butas Lordofthelawhespokethingsthatwentbeyondthelaw.Withdivineauthority herebukedtheuncleanspirits.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.41 on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS68 39Theevilspiritsweredrivenoutand,moreover,werebroughttotheperceptionofhis unconquerablepower.Theyutteredaloudimperiousandcraftywordssaying,“Letus alone!Whathaveyoutodowithus,JesusofNazareth?Haveyoucometodestroyus?We knowwhoyouare,theHolyOneofGod.”Luke 4:34Theypretendtospeakwellofhimandcallhim “theHolyOneofGod.”Fortheythoughtthat,throughsuchawordofpraise,theywould makehimdesire emptyglory, andtheywould makehimrefrain frompunishing them,asifhe werereturningone favourforanother. Butthedeceitfulone willnotcatchhis prey,for“Godis notmocked.”Galatians 6:7 TheLordstops theiruncleantongues,andthencommandsthemtoleavethosewhobearthem. Butthosewhoweremadewitnessesofsuchgreatdeedsareastonishedatthe authorityoftheword.Forhedoesnotofferupaprayer,nordoesheeverfulfilhis signsofdivinitybyaskingforpowerfromanothertoaccomplishthem.Instead,he himselfistheWordofGodtheFather,thelivingandactiveone,throughwhomall thingsareandinwhomareallthings.ItwashewhogrounddownSatan,andstopped theprofanemouthoftheuncleanspirits.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus.❧ 40Whydidhethrowhimdowncf. Luke 4:35?BecausetheLordapproached.Forwhenhewastalking,itwas asifhewasinhisrightmindandhespokelikesomeonecalm.Forwhilethewordswere fromthespirit,thetonguebelongedtotheman:thepeopleusedtothinkthathedidnotgive utterancelikesomeoneinthepowerofanevilspirit,buthewastalkingfromhisownheart.Jesus approachedhimto throwthemandown sothatitwouldbecome clearthatitwasthe spiritwhospoke.❧ The next five lines are blank

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesame 41Fortherewasnolonger uncertaintyabout theeventsbut astonishmentabout whathadbeenseen.❧ There is no text in this column xxx

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments II.42–44 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS68Source indicator on same line as chapter heading. 42Seehowhelodgedwithoneofthedisciples,amanwhowaspoorandundistinguished inhiswayoflife:hewillinglyenduredpovertyforoursake,sothatwemight beenrichedbyhispovertyandwemightlearntoseekthecompanyofthe humbleandnottoexaltourselvesoverthosewhoareinneedanddistress. Accordingly,letustoowelcomeJesus.Forwheneverheentersandwehavehim amongusinourmindandheart,thenhewillquenchthefeverofunsuitable pleasures.Hewillalsoraiseusupandrenderusstronginaspiritualway,clearly, sothatwealsoministertohim,meaningthatweaccomplishwhathethinksfit. Observeagain,Iaskyou,whatgreatbenefitthetouchofhisholyfleshpossesses. Foritdrivesawayboth diversediseasesand acrowdofdemons, anditoverthrows thepowerofthe devil.Foralthough heisabletoaccomplish theseworksofwonder byawordandanod ofthehead,healso layshishandsonthose whoareinthegripof sicknesses,sothathe mightteachsomething ofwhatisrequired. Foritwasnecessary,itwasnecessaryforustolearnthattheholyfleshwhichhehad madehisownboretheactivityofthepoweroftheWord,ashehadimplanteddivine powerinit.Thereforemayhetouchustoo,orrathermaywetouchhimthrough themysteriousblessingPayne-Smith sees this as a reference to the Eucharist, based on 1 Cor. 10:16.,sothathemayalsofreeusfromweaknessesofthesoul andtheattackandgreedinessofdemons.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke43FromSaintTitus.❧ Hebanishesdiseases;hedrivesoutimpiety;hescaresawaydemons;hecastsout everyevil.Hebringstruthintotheworldthroughhisdivine authority.❧ There is no catena on fol. 30v, only biblical text. Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 4:44–5:17. xxxi

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.55 on LukeCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai; Codex D), PS82›hesaysbythevoiceofJeremiah:“Jerusalemwillbetaughtbyhardlabourandthewhip.”cf. Jeremiah 6:7–8The ›writerofProverbs,too,sayssomewhere:“Son,donotdespisetheteachingoftheLord,norfaint ›whenyouarereprovedbyhim.FortheLordteachestheoneheloves,buthewhipseveryson whomhereceives.”Proverbs 3:11–12Soitiswell,then,thatChristproclaimshewillcutawaytheoriginsofsickness and,asitwere,therootofsuffering,meaningsin.Foroncethishasbeenremoved,whichis thecauseofsuffering,thenassuredlyitisnecessarythatthesicknessistakenawaywithit. SotheSaviourandLordofallthings,ashehasthemostdivineauthority,hasproclaimedthe forgivenessofsins.Butthewordagainsetsinuproartheslow-learningandenviousgangof Pharisees.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaint Titus.❧ 50Itisawonderthat thosewhobrought theparalysedman, sincetheywerenot abletocomein throughthedoor, carriedhimuponto thehouse.Thus theyundertookan unusualandnovel activity.Forhaving tornoffthetiles, theyrearrangedtheunderlyingwood.Yetwhileallthiswasgoingon,Jesuswaspatient andthosewhowerepresentweresilent:theywantedtoseetheoutcome,and observewhathesaidandwhathedid.Sohavingopenedupthehouse,they letdownthebedandbringtheparalysedmanintothemiddle.TheLordspeaks “havingseentheirfaith,”Luke 5:20notthefaithoftheparalysedmanbutthefaithofthose whohadmadesuchanoblestruggle,withtheresultthatonemanishealedbythefaith ofothers.Butsomeonemightsaythatitwasanopencourtyardareaintowhichtheylowered thebedoftheparalysedmanthroughthetiles,andtheydidnotdismantleanyoftheroofat all.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.56 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai; Codex D), PS83 51Hesays“Whoisthiswhoisspeakingblasphemies?”Luke 5:21But,Pharisee,youwouldnothavesaidthis abouthimifyouknewthedivinescriptures,ifyourememberedthewordsoftheprophets, ifyouunderstoodtheaugustandgreatmysteryoftheincarnation.Theysurroundhim withchargesofblasphemy,determiningtheultimatecondemnationforhim anddecreeinghisdeath.ForthelawgiventhroughMosescommanded thattheonewho spokeevilagainstGod. shouldundergodeath. Butwhentheyhad daredtodothis, heshowsright awaythatheis God,sothatagain hemaycondemnthem forintolerableimpiety. Forhesays,“Whatdo youdebateinyour hearts?”Luke 5:22Therefore Pharisee,whenyou say“Whocan forgivesinsexcept theoneGod?”Luke 5:21Iaskyouinturn,‘Whocanknowhearts,andperceivethethoughts inthedepthoftheintellect,exceptGodalone?Forhehimselfsayssomewhere,bythe voiceoftheprophetsthat“IamtheLordwhosearchesheartsandexaminestheinternal organs.”Jeremiah 17:10’Davidalsosayssomewhere,aboutbothhimandus,“Theonewhofashionedtheir heartsonebyone.”Psalm 32:15 LXXThereforetheonewhoasGodknowsheartsandinternalorgansis istheonewhoasGodevenforgivessins.❧ xxxii

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.57 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai; Codex D), PS83 52Forinsaying“Yoursinsareforgivenyou,”Luke 5:23thereisstillanexcusableplacefor unbelief.Forahumandoesnotseeforgivensinswiththeeyesofthebody,butthe paralysedman,castingoffhisdisease,standingupandwalkingaround,hasa cleardemonstrationofdivinestrength.Thisiswhyhesays,“Standupandtakeyour bedandgotoyourhome.”Luke 5:24This,indeed,iswhatwasdone.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.58 on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai; Codex D), PS83; this extract is continuous from the previous one. 53Hereturnedtohisdwelling,releasedfromsuchalonginfirmity.Itwastherefore demonstratedthroughthisverydeedthat“theSonofManhasauthorityonearthto forgivesins.”Luke 5:24Andaboutwhomdoeshesaythis?Isitabouthimself,orsomehow perhapsalsoaboutus? Bothoneandtheother aretrue.Forhe himself,asGod incarnate,asLord ofthelaw,forgives sins;butwetoohave receivedfromhim thisgiftwhichisso gloriousandworthyof wonder.Forhe crownedhuman naturewithsuch honouralsoatthetime hesaidtotheholy apostles,“TrulyI tellyou,whatever youbindonearth willbeboundin heaven,andwhateveryoulooseonearthwillbeloosedinheaven.”Matthew 18:18Andagain, “Ifyouforgivethesinsofany,theyareforgiven;ifyouretainthem, theyareretained.”John 20:23❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments II.59–60 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS84Source indicator on same line as chapter heading. 54Leviwasataxcollector,amaninsatiableforfinancialgain,unbridledinacquisitiveness, anunjustdesirerofwhatdidnotbelongtohim:forthisisthehabitoftaxcollectors. Buthewassnatchedawayfromamongtheworkersofinjusticeandamazinglyhewas savedwhenChrist,theSaviourofusall,calledhim.Forhesaidtohim,“Followme,”Luke 5:27 andtheothermanabandonedeverythingandfollowedhim.Youseehowtrulythe mostwisePaulsaysthat“Christcameintotheworldtosavesinners.”1 Timothy 1:15?Yousee howtheincarnatefirst-bornWordofGodtransferredthepossessionsofthedevil tohimself?The catena continues in the next fragment of MaiAndwhile Levihasbeensaved,for usthismatterhasbrought aboutgreathopes, becausewehavebeen taughtbythisvery eventthatrepentance bringssalvation. MoreoverGod,themaster ofall,willguaranteethis,as hesaysbythevoiceof theprophet,“Turnto meandbesaved,you fromtheedgeoftheearth.”Isaiah 45:22The next fragment from Mai, PS86 Buttherearesome whoattempttodeprive ofthedivinegentleness thosewhoarecaptured bysins:fortheydonot accept repentance,butsomehowtheyblametheonewhosavesforseekingwhatishis andgatheringfromeverywherewhatisscattered.Theydonothear xxxiii theSavioursaying“Thosewhoarewellhavenoneedofaphysician,butthosewhoare sick.Icametocallnottherighteousbutsinnerstorepentance.”Luke 5:31–32❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.62 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS86 55FortheSaviourofall,sinceheisindeedthephysicianofspirits,doesnotdesert thosewhoneedhim.Asheisabletocleanse,hepurposefullytookupresidence withthosewhohadnotyetbeenpurified.But,Pharisee,letusseetheprideofyour arrogance,ofthetypes ofaccusationwhichyour publicsuperciliousness againstthosewhoare sinfulhasbroughtuponyou. LetustakeChristasour narrator,whoknowsall things.Forhespokethus: “Twomenusedtogoup intotheTempleto pray.Oneofthemwas aPhariseeandtheother ataxcollector.Butthe ›Phariseestoodandprayed, saying,‘God,Ithank ›youthatIamnot thesameasother ›men:greedy, ›unjust,adulterous,or ›likethistax-collector. ›Ifasttwiceaweek; ›Ititheallmy ›possessions.’ Butthetaxcollector says,beating hisbreast,‘God, ›bemercifultome,asinner.’TrulyIsaytoyouthathewentawaytohishouse ›havingbeenmaderighteous,unlikethatPharisee.”Luke 18:10–14Sothetaxcollectorwho confessedhissinwasmaderighteousinplaceofthescornfulPharisee.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.63 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS87 56Theymoveoverfromonesetofaccusationstoanother,oncetheyhavereceivedan explanationforthefirst,wantingtocontriveanopportunityandtodenouncethe holydisciplesandJesushimselfwiththemascaringlittleforthelaw.Fortheysay, ‘Yes,youfeastwithtax-collectorsandsinners,althoughthelawcommandsthatthe onewhoispureshouldnotbeassociatedwiththosewhoareimpure.Yourexcuse fortransgressingthelawisconcernforothers.Whydoyounotfast,asisthe customforthose whoareproperand wishtolivebythelaw?’ Inresponsetosuchclaims someonemightsay, ‘Doyou,Jew,fullyknow thewayoffasting? Haveyoueverfasted accordingtothe willofGod?Foras theprophetIsaiah says,“Inthedays ›ofyourfasts ›youfindyour ›ownwishes ›andyougoad ›allthosesubjecttoyou.Ifyoufastforlawsuitsandfightsandyoustrikethehumble ›onewithfists,whydoyoufastforme?ThisisnotthefastwhichIhavechosen ›saystheLord.”Isaiah 58:3–5Howthendoyou,whodoesnotknowhowtofast,blametheholy apostlesthattheydonotfastinyourmanner?❧ xxxiv

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.64 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS88 57Observeagain,Iaskyou,howChristshowsthattheyarenotparticipantsinthe feastbuthavenoshareatallofthedelightathimandremainoutsidethe universalfestival.FortherevelationofourSaviourtothisworldisnothing otherthanafestivalwhichhasspirituallyjoinedhumannaturetohimjust likeabride,sothatthewomanwhohadlongbeenbarrenshouldbecomefruitful andmostproductive.Thereforeallthosewhohavebeencalledbyhimthrough thenewgospelproclamationare“friendsofthebridegroom”cf. Luke 5:34.Nolongerisit thescribesandthe Pharisees,whoonly attendedtothe shadowofthelaw. Butoncehehadgranted thefriendsofthebride groomnottoafflict themselvesasforan occasionorneed,sincethey wereobservingaspiritual feast,inorderthatfasting mightnotbecomecompletely rejectedbyushecontinues inanextremelypurposeful manner,saying: “Thedayswillcomewhenthebridegroomwillberemovedfromthem,andthentheywill fast.”Luke 5:35Foreverythingisgoodonitsownoccasion.Whatisthetakingofthebridegroomaway fromthem?Clearly,itishisbeingtakenupabove.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.65 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS 89 58Becausetothosewhohavethelawastheirguide,thepronouncementsbyChristare inadmissibleandinvalid,howdotheygointotheheartsofhumanswhichhavenot ›obtainedrenewalthroughtheHolySpirit?Hemakesthisclearwhenhesays:“Apatchfrom ›anoldgarmentcannotbeaddedtoanewone,norcanoldwineskinscontainnewwine.”cf. Luke 5:36–37 Forthefirstcovenanthasgrownoldandwasnotwithoutfault.TheblessedPaulalso ›confirmsthiswhenhewritesaboutit:“Forifthefirstwaswithoutfault,aplacewouldnot ›havebeensoughtforasecond”Hebrews 8:7.Andheaddstothesewordsthat“Whathasgrownold andagediscloseto vanishing.”Hebrews 8:13Therefore thosewhorelyontheold covenantandhave theancientcommand mentintheirmind havenoshareof thenewnesswhichisinChrist.Forallthingshavebecomenewinhim,buttheyhave anenfeebledintelligenceandareirreconcilableandwithoutconnectiontotheministers ofthenewcovenant.The Greek appears to have a question mark at the end of this sentence, which does not seem correct.Indeed,throughoneoftheholyprophets,theGodofallsaid aboutthemsomewherethat,“AnewheartandanewspiritwillIputinthem.”Ezekiel 36:26The ›blessedDavidtoowritesinapsalmasfollows:“Createinmeanewheart,God,and ›renewarightspiritinmyinnerparts.”Psalm 50:12 LXXWehavebeeninstructedalsoto“Castoffthe oldhumanandtoputonthenewonewhichhasbeenrenewedintheimageof itscreator.”cf. Colossians 3:9–10Paulalsooffersadvice,saying:“Donotbeconformedto thisage,butbetransformedbytherenewingofyourmind,sothatyou approvewhatisthegoodandpleasingandperfectwillofGod.”Romans 12:2 ThereforethosewhohavenotyetobtainedrenewalintheSpiritdonotknow howtoapprovethegoodandpleasingandperfectwillofGod.Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 22 on LukeCyril, Sermon 22 on Luke (Syriac), PS 89Theheartofthe Jewsisaccordinglyanoldwineskin,andbecauseofthisithasnotcontainedthe newwine,meaningthegospelandsalvificpronouncement“whichgladdensthe humanheart.”cf. Psalm 103:15 LXXButChristhasmadeknownthatwearefullofsuchgood things.❧Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 5:36–6:20. xxxv

Severus of Antioch, Fragments on Lukeandsoon.Andpursuingthesethingsbytheirowndeeds,thismanhasnot obtainedwhathehasforhimselfratherthanforhisneeds.Theonewhoweeps isnotrich,butpoorinspiritandaninheritorofthekingdomofheaven.This isthepovertyblessedbytheSpirit;thisisthewealthwhichhasalsobeen wellmastered,andlikeaservantandslaveputattheserviceofgoodworks. Accordingly,beingwealthyisnotforbidden,butbeingenslavedtothedesirefor wealthandbeingledtowardsitlikealow-borncaptiveslave.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.80 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 27 on Luke (Syriac), PS103 71›Indeed,againinMatthewhesays:“Blessedarethosewhohungerandthirst ›forrighteousness,becausetheywillbesatisfied.”Matthew 5:6Here,incontrast,hesays simplythat“thehungry”willbeblessedcf. Luke 6:21.Wethereforesaythattohunger andthirstforright- eousnessisgreatand special,meaning toloveendeavours whichleadtopiety justasmuchaslayingclaimtosomefoodanddrink.Forrighteousnessshows this.Butsinceweoughtalsotogiveanaccountofthemeaninginthesewords, followingtheexplanationofwhatwasspokenbefore,wesayagainthatthe Saviourcalledblessedthosewholovevoluntarypoverty,toaccomplishthe apostoliccoursebeyondwhatisfineandunhindered.Butitisassuredlythe caseforthosewhopractisethissortofpovertythatbothscarcityofnecessities andfindingbarelyenoughnourishmentaccompaniesit.Forassuredlyitfollows havingneithergoldorsilverintheirbelts,ortwotunics,thattheymustendurethe greatesthardship.Thisisaburdenforthoseintoilandpersecutions,andforthis reasonandveryappropriately,theonewhoknowstheheartdoesnotpermitusto bedispiritedatwhatresultsfrompoverty.For,hesays,thosewhoarenowhungry forthesakeofpietytowardshimwillbesatisfied,meaningthattheywillluxuriate inthegoodthingswhichwillbegiventothem,plainlyboththeintelligibleand thespiritual.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 27 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 27 on Luke (Syriac) and Fragment from Mai), PS104 72Hecallsblessedthosewhoweepandsaysthattheyshalllaugh.Butwesaythatweeping isnotsimplythosewhoshedateardropfromtheeyes,forthisiscommonandaccompanies all,believersandunbelievers,ifoneofthecustomaryreasonstogrieveshouldcometo pass.Ratheritisthosewhoshunalifeofhilarityanddissolutionamongcarnal pleasures.Forwesaythat,whilesomepeopleliveinenjoymentandlaughter, others,whorefuseluxuryandunbridledcarnalityandareallbutweeping becausetheyhatewhatisworldly,theSavioursaysareblessed.Therefore,having commandedustopractisepoverty,hecrownswithhonoursthethingswhichfollow poverty,whicharethelackofnecessitiesfornourishmentandbeingdowncastthrough affliction.Foritiswrittenthat“Theafflictionsoftherighteousaremany,andtheLord willsavethemfromthemall.”Psalm 33:20 LXX❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 28 on LukeFromthesame.❧Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS104 73Alreadyheannouncesthepersecution,beforetheapostlesweresentout.Thegospel anticipatedtheoutcome. Forassuredly,those whoproclaimedthe gospelmessage,who madetheJews abandontheirservice accordingtothe lawsothattheymight knowthewayofwell-beingaccordingtothegospel,andwhoensnaredtheidolaters toacknowledgementofthetruth,oughttoencountermanyGod-resistingand unholymen.Forthesepeoplestirupwarsandpersecutionsagainstthosewho proclaimJesus;theypersecutepiety.Accordingly,whentheoccasionarisesonwhich thesethingswouldcometopassatthehandsofcertainpeople,inorderthattheydonot fallintosenselessapathy,heannouncesinadvancefortheirbenefitthateventhe approachofharshthingswillberewardingandadvantageousforthem.For,hesays,they willabuseyouasmisledandseparateyouasdeceiversfromthem,meaningfrom friendshipandcommunionwiththem.But,hesays,letnoaccountbetakenofsuch thingsamongyou.Forwhatinjusticewilltheuncontrolledtongueofsuchpeopledotothe mindwhichiswell-established?Hesaysthat,forthosewhoknowhowtolovewisdompiously, xxxvi enduranceinsuchthingswillnotbewithoutfruitbutacauseofthehighest happiness.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 29 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 29 on Luke (Syriac), PS106 74￣HavingalreadyrevealedthatpovertyofeverygoodthingforGod’ssakeandhunger andweepingwillnotbewithoutrewardforthesaints,heshiftshisargumenttowhat aretheoppositestotheseandshowsthattheyareproductiveofpunishmentand judgment.Sothatbythedesireforcrownsononehandtheymaybecapturedforhard laboursandthechoiceofpovertyforGod’ssake,andbythefearoftheimpending punishmentontheotherhandtheymayfleewealthandlivinginluxuryandlaughter, meaninginworldlypleasures,hesaysthattheformerwillbeinheritorsofthe kingdomofheaven,whilethelatterwillencountertheutmostmisfortunes.For, hesays,“you receiveyour consolation.”Luke 6:22Itis possibletoseethis welldepicted,as inapainting, intheparable abouttherich manandLazarus. Forhesaystothe richman,“during yourlifetime,youreceived yourgoodthings andLazarushisevil things.Butnowhe iscomfortedhereandyouareinagony.”Luke 16:25The rest of this scholium is from a different Syriac manuscript, PS109Butcome,letusexaminethatmatterwithregardtoourselves: ifthereisanyonewhoiswealthyintheworld,wouldsuchapersonbecompletelylostfromtheexpectation ofbeingpitiedbyGod?Wedonotsaythis,butratherthatitwaspossiblefortherichmantohave hadpityonLazarus,sothathemightalsohavebecomeaparticipantintheother’sconsolation. Moreover,theSaviourshowedawayofsalvationtothosewhohavewealthonthisearth,saying: ›“Makeforyourselvesfriendsbymeansofdishonestwealth,sothattheymaywelcomeyouinto theirdwellings.”Luke 16:9❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 113FromSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon113 74Theworddoesnotapplytoallofthosewhoareingoodfortune,butonly tothosewhoplaceeverythingintheirpossessionsandhavedevotedtheir attentiontothemandareindeedpoorinspirit.Markplaces thisnext,expoundingmoreclearlythethoughtoftheSaviourandwritingasfollows: “Howdifficultitisforthosewhotrustinpossessionstoenterintothe kingdomofGod.”Mark 10:24Thereforeitisnotbeingamasterofpossessionsbuttrusting inwealthwhichwillshutoffthekingdomofheaven.Whoistheperson whotrustsinpossessions?TheonewhodoesnothearthevoiceoftheLordsaying,“Donot storeupforyourselvestreasuresonearth,wheremothandrustconsume andwherethievesbreakinandsteal;butstoreupforyourselves treasuresin heaven,where neithermoth norrust consumesand wherethieves donotbreakin inorsteal.For whereyour treasureis, thereyour heartwillbe also.”Matthew 6:19–21❧ xxxvii

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus9It is not clear whether this θ (the number 9) is part of the source indication. 75Wheneveryouhearthegospelwords,donotbeweigheddowninyourthought, butbeeagerinyourpurpose.Fortheonewhoisunmotivatedisnotwellmotivatedfor whatiseasy,buttheonewhoiseagerisalsoabletofacedifficulties.Hesays, “Takemyyokeandknowthatmyburdenislight.”cf. Matthew 11:30Forifyou bearitfully,whatseemstoyoutobeheavywillbefound mostlightwhenitistested.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.81 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS110 75TheblessedPaulspeakstrulythat“IfsomeoneisinChrist,itisanewcreation.”2 Corinthians 5:17For everythinghasbecomenewinhimandthroughhim,bothcovenantandlawandalso practice.Butobservehowextremelypropersuchapracticeandlife isfortheholyteachers.Theyweregoingtoannouncethemessageofsalvation topeoplethroughouttheearth,andfromthisitwasthattheyshouldexpectthatthosewho persecutedthemwouldnotbeeasytonumberandtheywouldplotinmanydifferentways. Butifithadresultedthatthediscipleswerevexedbysuchannoyancesandthenwishedfor revengeonthose whoannoyedthem,they wouldhavekeptquiet andpassedthemby, nolongersettingthedivineproclamationbeforethemorcallingthemto knowledgeofthetruth.Accordingly,itwasnecessarytobuildupthemindoftheholyteachers throughsuchasolemnsenseofendurancethattheyshouldbearnoblyeverythingthat happenedtothem,evenifsomescornthemandplotagainsttheminanunholyfashion.Buthehad accomplishedthishimself,evenbeforetheothers,asaparadigmforus.Forwhilehewasstill hangingonthepreciouscross,eventhoughthemultitudeoftheJewslaughed ›athim,hemadeintercessiontoGodtheFatherforthem,saying,“Forgive ›thembecausetheydonotknowwhattheydo.”Luke 23:34Yes,indeed,theblessedStephentoo,eventhough hewasbeingpeltedwithstonesbenthiskneesandprayed,saying,“Lord,donotholdthis sinagainstthem.”Acts 7:60AndtheblessedPaul:“Whenweareabused,webless; whenwearereviled,weofferencouragement.”1 Corinthians 4:12Thereforewhilesuchanexhortation wasnecessaryfortheholyapostles,itisalsomostusefulforusinorderthatweshould leadourlifeinacorrectandadmirablemanner.Foritisfullofallloveofwisdom. Butpreconceptionswhicharenotgoodandtheinsuperabletyrannyofthepassionswhichare withinusrenderithardforourmindstoaccomplish.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.82 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS111 76Christhasbecome“theendofthelaw”andtheprophets,saidthemostwisePaulRomans 10:4,forthe lawinstructspeopletowardsthemysteryofhim.ButthesameblessedPaulsaidagain. “Oncefaithhascome,wearenolongerunderaninstructor.”Galatians 3:25Forwearenolongerchildreninour minds,butratherwehavegrown“tomaturity,tothemeasureofthefullstature ofChrist.”Ephesians 4:13Accordingly,wehavenoneedofmilk,butratherofmoresolid foodcf. Hebrews 5:12.Christgrantsthistous,makingclearthewayofrighteousnessbeyond thelaw.Forhehimselfsaidtotheholyapostles,“TrulyIsaytoyou,unlessyour righteousnessexceedsthatofthescribesandPharisees,youwillnotenterintothe kingdomofheaven.”Matthew 5:20Isay,then,thatitisnecessarytoexplainwhatthis “exceedinginrighteousness”iswhichisinaccordancewiththegospelandmessage ofsalvation.ThelawwhichwasprophesiedthroughMosestooldergenerationsusedto commandalike-for-likeapproach.Whileitprohibitedwrongdoing,itwasnotratherthecase atallthatthosewhohadalreadybeenwrongedshouldendureitpatiently,asthelawofthe ›gospelwishes.Foritsays:“Youshallnotmurder,youshallnotsteal,youshallnotswearfalsely”Exodus 20:15; ›further,inaddition ›tothese,“aneye ›foraneye,a ›handforahand, ›afootforafoot, ›awoundfora ›wound,abruise ›forabruise.”Exodus 21:24Thepointofthiscommandisnotforotherstodowrong,butratherthatthose whohavealreadybeenwrongedshouldnotextendtheirangeragainsttheirwrongdoers beyondequalmeasures.TheforceofthewayoflifeinaccordancewiththelawwasassuredlynotReuss reads ου, ‘not’ (also reflected in the Syriac version), where Codex Zacynthius erroneously has ουν, ‘therefore’ pleasingtoGod,butithadbeeninthepositionofaninstructorfortheancients,accustomingthem littlebylittletorighteousnessindueproportionandraisingthemupnaturallytotheperfect ›possessionofwhatisgood.Foritiswrittenthat“thebeginningofthegoodwayisdoingwhatisjust,”Proverbs 16:7 LXX butintheendallperfectionisinChristandfromhisdecrees.Forhesays,“Ifanyone strikesyouonthecheek,offertheotheralso”Luke 6:29Insuchmatters,thewayofobtaining patientenduranceisindicatedtous.Inaddition,healsowishesustodespisesothat evenifsomeonehasonlyacloak,theyshouldnotthinkitpossessionsanunbearable happeningtoremovewithittheirtunicaswell.Thisvirtuebelongstoasoulwhich iscompletelyturnedawayfromthepassionofdesiringriches.For,hesays,“Donotaskback fromthepersonwhotakesyourgoods,butgivetoeveryonewhobegsfromyou,”cf. Luke 6:30whichisa proofofloveandembraceofpoverty.Thecompassionatepersonshouldassuredlyalsobe xxxviii onewhodoesnotbearagrudge,sothattheyevenperformactsoffriendshiptoenemies.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.83 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS113 77Butitwasreasonablethattheholyapostlesmightsomehowperhapsthinkthatthesewordswere hardtoputintopractice.Accordingly,hewhoknowsallthingsacceptsthelawofthelovewe haveforourselvesasan arbiterofwhatanyone wouldwishtoobtain fromanother.Forhesays, ‘Becomesuchaperson yourselftoothers asyouwouldwishthem tobetowardsyou.’ Ifthatisthattheyareharsh andunsympathetic,fierce andproud,bearing grudgesandevil, thenbesuchaperson yourself.Butifonthe contraryitisthattheyare kindanddonotbeara grudge,donotthinkit unbearabletobesuchaperson.Somehow,perhaps,forpeoplewhoareofsuchadisposition, thelawissuperfluous.ForGodwritesonourheartstheknowledgeofhisownwill,as itsays,“Forinthosedays,saystheLord,Iwillgivemylawsintotheir mindandIwillwritethemontheirheart.”Jeremiah 31:33❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 32 on LukeFromSaintCyrilSermon 29 on Luke (Syriac), PS108 78ThismatterisalsoexcellentandmostpleasingtoGodandextremelyfitting forholysouls.Butthatweshallreceivetherecompensewithamoregeneroushand fromtheGodwhodistributeseverythinggenerouslytothosewholovehim, hehashimselfgiven fullassurance,saying ›“Agoodmeasure, ›presseddown, ›runningover, ›willbeputinto ›yourlap.”Luke 6:38❧ xxxix

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragment II.85 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS113 79￣Heexcisesaverydifficultpassionfromourminds,thebeginningandsource ofcontempt.Forwhileitisnecessaryforpeopletoexaminethemselvesandordertheirlives accordingtoGod,whentheydonotdothistheymeddleinsteadwithotherpeople’sbusiness. Iftheyseeanyoneunwell,justasiftheyreachforgetfulnessoftheirown weaknesses,theymakethematterthepretextforfindingfaultandastarting-point forslander.Fortheycondemnthem:notknowingthattheyareequally sickasthosewhosufferattheirhands,theypasssentenceonthemselves. ThusthemostwisePaulalsowritessomewhere,“Forinpassingjudgementonanother ›youcondemnyourself, ›becauseyou,thejudge, ›aredoingthevery ›samethings.”Romans 2:1Yetwe oughtrathertopitythose whoareweak,asthey havebeensubjected totheonsets ofthepassionsand inescapablyentangled inthesnares ofsin.Weoughttoprayforsuchpeopleandencouragethemand rousethemtosobrietyandendeavournottofallintothesamefaults.“Fortheone whojudgeshisbrother,”asthediscipleoftheLordsays,“speaksagainstthelaw, ›andjudgesthelaw.Thereisonelawgiverandjudge.”James 4:11–12Forthejudgeofsinful ›natureshouldbeaboveit.Asyouarenotsuchaperson,whydoyoujudgeyourneighbour? Thesinnerwilldefendthemselvesbeforethejudge.Butifyoudaretocondemn, eventhoughyoudonothavetheauthorityforthis,youwillratherbecondemned yourself,asthelawdoesnotallowjudgingothers.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 32 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 29 on Luke (Syriac)/Fragment on Luke (Mai), PS108 80Itseemstomesomehowthattheseconddeclarationisopposedtothefirst.Forifwewillreceive“a goodmeasure,presseddownandrunningover”,howwill“themeasureyougivebe themeasureyougetback”Luke 6:38?Foritappearsratherthatthesethingsarecommensurate: thereisnosortofexcessintherecompensewhichwillbegiventous.What,then,areweto say?ThemostwisePaulwillfreeusfromdifficultiesandsupplyasolution ›tothesequestions.Forhesaysthat“theonewhosowssparingly”,insteadoffittingly, ›andwithhandwithdrawn,“willalsoreapsparingly.Andtheonewhosows ›bountifullywillalsoreapbountifully,”2 Corinthians 9:6meaningrichly.Ifsomeonedoesnothave anything,theyhavenotsinnedbynotdoingthis.Forapersonisacceptablebasedonwhat theymayhave,notbasedonwhattheydonothave.Thisisalsowhatthelawwhichcamebythe all-wiseMosessetasatype,foreachpersonofthoseunderthelawtakesasasacrificetoGodwhat theyhaveathandand attheirdisposal.Some takebullocks,others ramsorsheepor turtle-dovesor pigeons,orwheat floursteepedinoil, buteventheonewhobroughtthelastofthese,whichissosmallandcheap,becausetheydidnot haveabullockwasequaltothefirstinrespectoftheiroffering.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 32 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS114 81￣Theblesseddisciplesweregoingtobeinitiatorsandteachersofwhatwasundertheheaven. Accordinglytheyshoulddisplaytopeopleeverywherethattheypossesseverythingfittingfor piety:theyoughttoknowthepathofapurewayoflife,andbecraftsmen foreverygoodwork,andimplantinthosewhowereinstructedthewordwhichis correctandsavingandcompletedfortruth,sincetheyhadalreadyseeninadvance andhadtheirmindrichlyilluminatedbythedivinelight, sothattheyshouldnotbeblindguidesoftheblindcf. Matthew 15:14.Evenifitcametopassthat somepeopleadvancedtosuchapointthattheyobtainedvirtueinrivalrywiththeirinstructors, theywillbemadetostopattheleveloftheirteachersandbeimitators ofthem.AgainPaulconfirmsthis,saying,“Becomeimitatorsofme, justasIamofChrist.”1 Corinthians 11:1Accordingly,astheteacherdoesnotyetjudge,whydoyouyourself judge?Forhedidnotcometojudgetheworldcf . John 12:47buttoshowmercy.❧ xl

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 33 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 33 on Luke (Syriac), PS116 82￣Heconvincesusfromcompellingargumentstorefrainfromwishing tojudgeothers,andinsteadtobeconcernedwithourownheartsandtoseek toseparatethemfromthepassionswhicharewithinthem,askingthisfrom God.Forheistheonewhocuresthosewhoarecrushedintheirheart andfreesusfrom spiritualsicknesses. Forwhy,ifyouare sickinagreaterand morepainfulwaythan isthecaseforothers, doyouignorewhat affectsyouandcriticise theminstead?Therefore thecommandmentis compellingforthe benefitofallwho wishtobepious,but especiallyforthosewho havebeenentrusted withteachingothers.For iftheyaregoodand sober,arrangingtheir affairsaccordingtothe imageofapurelife, thentheymayreasonably criticisethosewhohave notchosentoactin acomparablefashion, becausetheyhavenotreceivedtheimpressionoftheconductfromthegoodnesswhichiswithin them.Ifsomepeoplewerecarelessandeasilycapturedbythepleasuresofwhatisbad,howcould theyrebukeotherswhosufferfromthesamesickness?❧

Origen, Fragment 112 on LukeFromOrigen 83✣￣ThegoodtreeistheHolySpirit.Thebadtreeisthedevilandhis servants.TheonewhohastheHolySpiritdisplaysitsfruits, whichtheApostlePaulenumerates,buttheonewhohastheopposingpower bringsforthbriarsandthistles,thepassionsofdishonour.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 83Letusescapethedestructionofsin.WhenourLordandSavioursays ›“thereisnofinetreethatbearsbadfruit,”Luke 6:43donotconsideritpermissionto belazy.Forthetreeissetinmotionbynature,butyouleadyourlifebyyour decision.Everytreewhichdoesnotbearfruithasbeenmadereadyforanother purposecf. Luke 3:9,butyouhavebeendedicatedtothepracticeofvirtue.Letnoonereadinto thisahereticalopinionandunderstandthesethingswrongly.Forifitisbynaturethat youareevil,whydoyou learn?Forwhatpurpose areyoutaught?Forwhat issobynatureisanunchange ablematter.Butifchange istheteacherandtheword makesyouturnand encouragementremodels you,andteachingshiftsyourunderstanding,theapprehensionthatallisfromcompulsionis castoutandtheteachingisacknowledgedthatitisfromchoice.Forthisreason,thereis teaching;forthisreason,fasting;forthisreason,even,Christcametobepresent.Forotherwise, thingswhichwereunchangeablebynaturewouldhavebeenpointless.Sonow,Iaskyou, lookatthechangeandunderstandthechoice.No-oneholdsresponsibleirrational animalswhoaresetinmotionbynature,buthumanswhoturnasideoftheirownvolition tothesamebehaviourasirrationalcreatures.❧ xli Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 33 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 33 on Luke (Syriac), PS118 83￣Thereforethelifeofeachpersonwillbetheproofoftheirbehaviour. Forthebeautyofatrueandwell-livedlifeisnotcharacterisedbyexternaladornments andcontrivedvirtues,butfromthedeedsapersonperforms.Again,Christ ›saidsomewhere:“Bewareofthosewhocometoyouintheclothingof ›sheep,butinsideareravenouswolves.”Matthew 7:15SeeagainhowChristcommandsthat thepeoplewhoapproachusshouldbedistinguishednotfromtheirclothing butfromhowtheytrulyare:“For,”hesays,“thetreeisknownby itsfruit.”Luke 6:44Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 33 on LukeCyril Sermon 33 continuedAnd justasitissense lesstosearchfor thechoicerkinds offruitonthistles (Imeangrapesor figs),soitis ridiculousto imaginewecan findinhypocrites andfoolsany admirablequalities, thatistosaythe nobilityofvirtue. Onewouldsaythat amongsuchpeople therearethornsand thistles,but nothingsweet: everythingisbitter andmalformed.Forfigsdonotgrowonbriars,noraregrapesproducedona thornbush.Thereforetheteachersmustbedistinguishednotfromappearancesbut fromhoweachofthemlivestheirlife.❧

Titus of Bostra, unknown workFromSaintTitus 84HewasnotthenaddressedasLord,exceptbyafew.Butaftertheproclamationofthereligion andthecomingtofaithofthenations,theChurchbegantoaddressasLordtherealLord.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 34 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 34 on Luke (Syriac), PS121 84Boththenameandfactoflordshiparefittingonlytothenaturewhichisbeyond ›allandmosthigh.Forherulesandhasdominionoverallthings.“ForthereisoneLord,onefaith, ›onebaptism.”Ephesians 4:5AndagainPaulsays,“Foreveniftherearemanygodsand ›manylordsinheavenandonearth,forusthereisoneGod,theFatherfromwhomallthings come,andoneLord,JesusChrist,fromwhomallthingscome,andwefromhim.”1 Corinthians 8:5So,knowingthe onlyLordinnatureandtruth,GodtheWordwhoreignswithGodtheFather,we namehiminthismanner.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 34 on LukeAndalittlelateron:Cyril, Sermon 34 on Luke (Syriac), PS122 Dangerousandworthyoftheutmostcondemnationisthewishnottobesubjectto theChristwhorules allthings.Oneshould understandthisfrom manyothersayingsas wellasthosewhich appearhere.While thetrueservantis crownedwithspecialhonour,thedisobedientandlazyonerushesintoouter darkness.Forthosewhoreceivedthetalentsanddoubledforthemaster whatwasgivenwerehonouredwiththesepraisesfromhim,ashesaidtoeach one,“Welldone,goodandtrustworthyslave.Youweretrustworthyinsmallmatters:Iwillputyouin chargeofgreatones.Enterintothejoyofyourlord.”Matthew 25:23Buthesurroundedwithharshandinescapable condemnationtheonewho,asalazyslave,buriedinthegroundwhathewasgiven.❧ xlii

Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)Fromanunattributedsource ￣Manyaretheongoingbattles,andagainstmanyisthestrugglewhichhumansface:evilspirits, passionsofthesoul,bodilypains,afflictionsofcircumstances.Eventhesecomeuponthosesteadfast inthecommandmentsoftheLordthroughtheirdailyobservances,sothat unsoundthingsmaynotcomeuplikearushofviolentwatersanddisperse thebeliefswehold,butourexcellencemaybeunassailablethroughagoodreputationinthefaceof hostilecircumstances.Letusnotbecomeconspicuousinfalling,butinvictory. Forthefallingofthosewhohavedisplayedgreatnessisindeedconspicuouswhentheyfallfromtheir greatness,butconspicuoustooisthegloryofthosewhoaresteadfastinfaith,sincetheyarefixed ongreatness.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 34 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 34 on Luke (Syriac), PS126 85￣Theonewhoisobedientand easilyleddoesnotsomuch becomeahearerofthe lawasadoerofdeeds. Theywillhaveamost stablebalanceinevery fineandgooddeed. Theywillbelikea housewhichiswell- establishedandhas anunshakeable foundation,sothatiftemptationsandthesavageryofthepassionswhichareinusshouldattack inthemannerofawinterstormorfloodsofwaters,theywillsuffernothingdreadful. ButtheonewhoonlyinclinestheireartowhateverChristshouldsay,keepingnothingstoredup intheirmindnor,indeed,accomplishinganyofthecommandments,shallbesimilar,again, toahousewhichisontheverybrinkoffalling.Fortheyshallreadilybeledawaytothatwhichisnot permitted,whenpleasurearousesthemandcarriesthemoffintothepitsofsin.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 35 on LukeFromSaintTitusIn Sickenberger, however, also featured in Payne-Smith as Cyril, Sermon 35 on Luke (Syriac), PS128 86￣Withthesefullerteachings,hehasnotonlysatisfiedhisholy disciples,buthehasalsospreadoutatableofgospelcommandsforthem andmixedawinewhichgladdenstheheartofhumanscf. Psalm 103:15 LXX.HegoesdowntoCapernaum. Thereagreatandmarvellouseventtakesplace,whichisalsoworthyofhisown greatness.Therewasavirtuousman,alsoprominentforthegoodnessofhischaracter; acommanderofsoldiersandafellowcitizentotheinhabitantsofCapernaum.Itcametopass thatsicknessfellon oneofofhis faithfulservants, whoseemedto beabouttobreathe theirlast.Itsays,“Heheard aboutJesus”cf. Luke 7:3:then hesendstohim,askingas fromGodthingsclearly beyondthenature andpowerofahuman.For hisrequestwastorelease fromthechainsofdeath themanwhowasgripped byhisfinalillness.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 35 on LukeAndalittlelateronAgain in Sickenberger and Cyril, Sermon 35 on Luke (Syriac), PS129 ￣Theysay“Heisworthy ofhavingyoudothisforhim.”Luke 7:4 Howmarvellousadeed! Thosewhoslanderthe gloryofChristpersuadeReuss (supported by the Syriac) reads ἀναπείθουσιν rather than ἀπείθουσιν himtoperformwonders; thosewhoreject faithinhimurge himtoshowthose whodonotyetbelieve thingsthatleadtofaith. Tellme,howdoyoucomewiththisrequest?Doyouknowandtrustthatheisableto accomplishdivinewonders,ablebothtobringpeopletolifeandtodragthemoutof thesnaresofdeath?How,then,didyousaythat“HecastsoutdemonsbyBeelzebub, therulerofthedemons.”Luke 11:15?❧ xliii

Source UnknownFromanunattributedsource 87￣So,whiletheeldersoftheJewsaskforafavourforthesakeofsomethingsmall, thecostsincurredforthesynagogue,theLordgiveshimself,notfor thisreasonbutforthefargreatercauseofwishingtobringaboutfaithfor allhumansbyhis power.Also,hethen wishestobenefit acenturion,who keepsallinorder, andtoguidethe otherstofaithby this.Andinnoway isheunawareof whatwillhappen, whatthecenturion, onseeinghimarriving inhishouse,intendsto ask.But,knowingthat theforthcomingrequest isfromreverence, heacknowledgesa commanderwith trustworthyesteem: hewillseteachside inmotion,applying whatisproperforahuman. Soinhisesteemthereisthepromiseanditsfulfilment,andinhisrequestthereis thepowerforthehealingwhichhadnotyetcometopass.❧

Source UnknownFromanunattributedsource 88￣HeperceivedthatJesuswastheruler;themaster,nottheslave.Hewasnottheonebeggingandbound toreceive,buttheonewhopossessedandwasabletosupply:whogavecommandsanddidnot receivecommands.‘For,’hesays,‘ifI,whohaveauthority,orderanditcomestopass,youwhohavenot authoritybuttheabsolutepowerofdivinity,whatcouldyounotdowithanod?’cf. Luke 7:8❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 35 on LukeFromSaintTitusCyril, Sermon 35 on Luke (Syriac), PS130 88￣ObservehowtheeldersoftheJewswantedJesustogototheactual houseoftheonewhomadetherequest,asifhewerenotableotherwisetoraise theonewholaythereexceptbycomingtohim.Buttheothermanhadfaiththathewouldeffectit evenatadistance,andaccomplishitwithaword.Thereforeherightlywon thestrongerdecree.ForJesussaid,“TrulyItellyou,noteveninIsraelhaveI foundfaithofthissort.”Luke 7:9 Herightawaymadethe manrecoverfromsickness whoshortlybefore wasgrippedbydeath. Sobytheholy decreeofGod, Israelfellfrom itsrelationshiptohim, andinsteadhecalledand adoptedthenations, whoseheartwasbetter preparedforthefaithinhimwhichisrequired.Thedivinely-inspiredsingerwillconfirmthistousagain whenhesaysaboutsuchthingsononeoccasionthat“Yourearpaidattention ›tothepromptnessoftheirheart,”Psalm 9:38 LXXandagainonanother“Theirweaknesses ›weremultipliedandafterthistheywentquickly.”Psalm 15:4 LXXForeventhoughtheyhadbeenweigheddown bymanysins,neverthelesstheywentquicklytoreceiveteachingsthroughChrist.Butabout ›Israel,thepropheticwordsays:“Godwillrejectthem,becausetheyhavenotlistenedto him,andtheywillbewanderersamongthenations.”Hosea 9:17❧ xliv

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromanunattributedsource 90￣Thisisalsothesourceofourcomfortaboutthosewhodie,asweimaginethe resurrectionbeforeoureyes.Butthesepeopleroseagainatthepointofdeath.“Christ oncerisendiesnomore:deathnolongerhasdominionoverhim”Romans 6:9Forhehasbecome forusthefirstfruits oftheresurrection and“thefirst-born fromthedead”Colossians 1:18and lifeaccordingtonature. Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 36 on LukeCyril, Sermon 36 on Luke (Syriac), PS135Yetwhydidhenot accomplishthemiracle withonlyaword,but touchedthebieraswell? Sothatyoumightlearnhow effectivetheholybody ofChristisforhuman salvation.Foritisa bodyoflifeandflesh oftheall-powerful Word,anditbore hispower.Forjust aswhenironmeets fireitmakesthe characterofthefire effectiveand fulfilsitsfunctionThis follows Reuss in reading χρείαν πληροῖ; if χροίαν ἀποπληροῖ is read with the manuscript, the translation might be ‘and finishes its surface’, sincethisflesh becamethatof theWord,whoinstilled lifeinallthings, accordingly,this itselfisalsolife-givinganddestroysdeathandcorruption.❧ Note Luke chapter heading on this line

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)FromSaintCyrilI have not been able to locate this in Payne-Smith’s edition 91This“great”issaidbyasenselessandungraciouspeople.Foralittlelater,they considerhimneitheraprophetnorabenefitwhichhasappearedforthepeople,butthey handovertodeaththe onewhodestroyed death,notknowing that,atthatverymoment, hebroughtanendtodeath whenhebroughtabout resurrectionforhimself.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 37 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Sermon 37 on Luke (Syriac), PS137 92￣Forthemarvel ofthemiracledidnot escapethenoticeof anyoneinthe wholeofJudaea. Someofhisfriends alsoannounce thistotheholy Baptist.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 37 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Sermon 37 on Luke (Syriac), PS137 93￣TheblessedBaptist didnotfailtorecognise theWordoftheFather whichhadbecomehuman. Donotimaginethis. Forhealreadyknewveryclearlythatthiswastheonetocome.Buthecontrivedsomethingwhich waswiseandwell-plannedandwhichwaslikelytobeofnosmallbenefitforthosewhohadbeen taughtbyhim.FortheydidnotyetknowChrist,orhisgloryandhissuperiorityover allthings,andweresomehowsilentlystungwhenhewroughtmiraclesandsurpassed theBaptistinthepre-eminenceofhisdeeds.Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 37 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 37 on Luke (Syriac), PS139 What,then,doeshewishtounderstandinaskingandsaying,“Areyoutheonewhoistocomeorarewetowait foranother?”Luke 7:19Hespokeaccordinglybecausehewaspurposefullypretendingignorance,notsothathehimself shouldfindout—forastheforerunnerheknewthemystery—butrathersothathisdisciplesshouldbe xlv givenfullassurancehowgreatthesuperiorityisoftheSaviour,andthatthewordofthedivinely- inspiredscripturehadindicatedinadvancethathewastheGodandLordtocome.Alltheothers wereservantssentinadvanceofamastertopreparethewayoftheLord,asitiswritten: hewascalledbytheprophets“theonewhoistocome”cf. Psalm 117:26 LXX,theSaviourandLordofallpeople.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 37 on LukeFromthesameSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 37 on Luke (Syriac), PS140 94￣AshewasGod,Christknewthepurposeofthematterandthecauseforthearrivalofthe disciplesofJohn.Then,indeed,especiallyforthismoment,hebroughtaboutmanymoresignsof divinitythanthose whichhadalready happened.Sothey becamewitnessesand spectatorsofthe magnificencewhichwas withinhim,andthey gatheredamongthemselves muchwonderatthepowerand effectivenesswithinhim. Theybringforththe question,askingasif fromJohnwhetherheis “theonetocome.”Luke 7:20Next, Iask,lookatthe skilloftheSaviour’s purpose.Forhedid notsimplysay‘Iam’,butratherhebringsthemtofullassurancewhichisthroughthe worksthemselves,sothataftertheyhaveappropriatelyreceivedfaithinhim theyshouldreturntotheonewhosentthem.Forhesays,“Goand ›tellJohnwhatyouhaveseenandheard.Theblindreceivetheirsight,thelamewalk”Luke 7:22and soon.Theblessedprophetsannouncedbeforethatallthesethingswouldcometopass throughmeattheirappointedmoments.IfIhavebecometheonewhohasaccomplishedwhat wassaidlongagoandyouyourselveshavebecomespectatorsofthesethings,then“blessed isanyonewhotakesnooffenceatme.”Luke 7:23❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 95DoyouthinkthatJohnchangeshereandthere,likeonetossedbywinds, sothatatonepointhebearswitnessthatIamtheChrist,andatanotherheasks ifIamhe?Iknowwhatmyspiritdoes:mineisthegrace,mineisthedispensationhehas. Why,thenhaveyou comeoutintothe desert,whichhasnothing pleasant?Doyouclaim thatyouwentoutbecause ofthesightofhim? Itisclear,then,that fornootherreason haveyouleftthe citiesandarrived inthedesertexcept toseekafterthe manandthereputation. Heasksme,notin ignorance,butIknow whatheisdoing. Itisnotthecasethathe changesandisnowhere, thenelsewhere.❧ xlvi

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 96￣Surelyhehasnoadmirableappearance?Surelynokinglyhonour?Surelyhehadnokingly commands?Surelyheborenowritingsandbeliefsandkinglylaws? Surelyhewasnotamantobesoughtforhisappearance?Didhenotwearacloakofhair? Didhenothavefoodfromthewild?Surelynothingofthissortpersuadedyou togoawaythere?❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesame 97￣Ifyouwentawayforagoodreason,likeaprophet,“Yes,Itellyou,andmorethana prophet.”Luke 7:26Fora prophetforetells, butthismanhas notonlycomeand foretold,buthe hasalsopointed, saying,“Behold theLambofGodwho takesawaythesin oftheworld.”John 1:29❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesame HecallsJohnan angel,notbecause hewasanangel, forhewashuman bynature,butbecause hedidtheworkofan angel,announcingthe arrivalofChrist. Thismanpreached abaptismofrepentance,sothatrepentanceshouldreceiveforgiveness.Forwithout repentance,forgivenessisnotgranted.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 38 on Luke98Cyril, Sermon 38 on Luke (Syriac), PS146￣Hehadalsobeenbornewitnessbythevoiceoftheprophetsthathewas“sentbefore myfacetopreparemywaybeforeme.”Luke 7:27, cf. Malachi 3:1❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromanunattributedsource 99￣Notetheexactnessofthephrase:hesays“greateramongthosebornofwomen”Luke 7:28sothathemight excludethevirgin.Forwhilehewasbornfromawomanandconsentedtoreceiveabodyfromour stuff,sothathemightmakeholythewholethroughthefirst-fruits,hespeaksoftheoffspringof womenwhogivebirthaccordingtonatureinordertosetaparttheVirginwhogavebirthcontraryto nature.❧Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)Another 99￣Johnhadsuchareputation,andwasawesomeinhisorigins,noble inhisappearance,holyinhispurpose,unimpeachableinhislife,pure inhisintention,spirit-bearinginhisgrace,powerfulinallthingsand nobleineveryway.Forhewasthesonofthechiefpriest,andawesometothepeople, ashewascomparedtothosewhohadpreviouslydepartedthislifeforGod.Whilehewasgreat, neverthelesshestillfacedreversalsinlife:hehadnotyetreceivedthepromisedhope. Accordingly,“The leastinthekingdom ofheavenis greaterthanhe,”Luke 7:28 notbecauseJohntoo willnotbesetapart,butwemaycomparehisreputationatthatpointwiththatgracewhich isexpected.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 38 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 38 on Luke (Syriac), PS146 99￣Theonewhoisleast,atanyrateinrespectoflifeaccordingtothelaw,isgreaterthanhe.How,or inwhatway?TheblessedJohn,togetherwiththeotherswhowerealsobornbeforehim, wasbornofawoman.Butthosewhohaveacceptedthefaitharenolongercalled theoffspringofwomenbut,asthemostwiseevangelistsays,“Theywereborn fromGod.”John 1:13For“toallwhoreceivedhim”hesays,meaningChrist,“hegave ›powertobebecomechildrenofGod,tothosewhobelievedinhisname,whowereborn ›notofbloodorofthewilloffleshorofthewillofman,but ›ofGod.”John 1:12–13WehavebeenbornagainintoGod’sadoption,and“notofperishableseed”, ›accordingtowhatiswritten,“butthroughthelivingandenduringwordofGod.”1 Peter 1:23Theall-wisePaul ›alsomakesusconfidentofthis,havingwrittenasfollows:“Butbecauseyouarechildren,God ›hassentthespiritofhisSonintoyourhearts,crying‘Abba,Father’.”Galatians 4:6ForwhenChrist, ›whoransackedHades,camebacktolife,hethengavetothosewhobelieveinhimthespirit ofadoption, xlvii totheholydisciples,indeed,beforeeveryoneelse.Forhebreathedonthem,saying“ReceivetheHoly ›Spirit.Ifyouforgivethesinsofany,theyareforgiven;ifyouretainthem,theyare retained.”John 20:22–23Forsincetheyhavefullybecomeparticipantsinthedivinenature,theyhave beenenrichedwiththelordlyandauthoritativeSpirit.Throughthis,hehasconferreduponthem thedivinedignity,Imean,theabilitytoforgivesinstowhomevertheywish,butalsotoretain thoseofothers.BeforetheResurrectionofChristandhisAscensionintoheaven,thespiritof adoptionwasnotamonghumanbeings:theall-wiseevangelistJohnmakesthisplainwhenhesays, “ForasyettherewasnoSpirit,becauseJesuswasnotyetglorified,”John 7:39meaningtheglorious resurrectionfromthedeadandtheentranceintoheaven.For,havingascendedintoheaven,the only-begottenWordofGod senttoustheAdvocate inhisplace,anditis amongusthroughhim. Andhetaughtusthis whenhesaid,“For ›Idonotgoaway,theAdvocatewillnotcometoyou;butifIgo,Iwillsend ›himtoyou.”John 16:7Thereforeeventhoughweareinferiortothosewhohaveestablishedtherighteousness whichisinthelaw,ImeaninrespectofthedignityThe Greek αετιοτητα is corrupt, perhaps for αξιοτητα: the meaning is taken from the Syriacoflife,yetwehaveenteredintogreaterthings throughChrist.❧Although the hedera symbol is placed here, the scholium is continuous in Reuss.ItisnecessarytorememberthatalthoughtheblessedBaptistwassogreat invirtue,itsaysthatheconfessedthathestoodinneedofholybaptism. ForhesaidsomewhereinconversationwithChrist,theSaviourofall,“Ineed tobebaptisedbyyou.”Matthew 3:14Buthewouldnothavehadneedofholybaptismunlesstherewere somethinggreaterinitanditsurpassedtherighteousnessinthelaw.❧

Source UnknownAnother 100￣ForwhentheSaviourhadbornewitnesstothem,thosewhoweremaderighteousgavethanks.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 39 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 39 on Luke (Syriac), PS150 1PerhapsitwassomesortofagameamongtheJewishchildren,whichwentasfollows: acrowdofchildrenwasdividedintotwoparts,whichlaughedatthedisorderof lifeandtheuneven courseofthematters initandthe terribleandsudden changeofonesetof affairstoanother. Whileonepartpiped, theotherlamented. Butthosewholamented didnotsingalongwith thosewhopipedandrejoiced, norindeeddidthosewhohad thepipematchwiththose whowereweeping.Then theyusedtoreproacheachother otherinsomefashionfor theirlackofsympathy orrathertheirdisorder. Christcontendedthat thepeoplesoftheJews experiencedsomething similarwiththosewho weretheirrulers.❧ xlviii

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 2￣ItwasnotreasonableforourLordJesustoabstainfromsuchfoods, incaseheprovidedanopportunityfortheheretics.Theyclaimthatcreatedproductsare bad,andtheyattackwineandbread.ForiftheyattackwhentheLordeats anddrinks,whatamorecompellingexcusewouldtheyhavefor attackingcreatedproductsifhedidnoteat.Besides, theLordhadnoneedofself-denial,forhewasLordofholinessandmaster ofnatureitself.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 39 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 39 on Luke (Syriac), PS151 2￣Bywhichmatterwillyoubemadecaptiveforbelief,foolishPharisee?Youdisparageeverything indiscriminately andjudgenothing worthyofpraise. TheblessedBaptist precededtheSaviour, ›saying“Repent,forthe ›kingdomofheaven ›hascomenear.”Matthew 3:2Hewas worthyofconfidenceand wasabletopersuade, asattestedbythatvery lifewhichwassobright andadmirable.Lateron, youdaretospeakill ofsuchamanasthis, whoshouldhavebeenconsideredworthyofallwonder.Yousaidthatthemanwaspossessedbya demon,whobyhisabstinenceputtodeaththelawofsinwhichlurksinthelimbs ofourfleshandmakeswaragainstthelawofourmind.Theblessed BaptistwasthewayofpietytoChrist.Butletusalsoseetheotherman,whoappears somehowtobetheoppositepathtotheconductoftheholyBaptist.Christwas notinthedesert,butratherspenthistimeinthecitywiththeholy apostles.Hiswayoflifedidnothavesuchharshnessastherewasinthatof theholyBaptist.Sodoyouthenpraisethat?Notatall.Youbecame ››afault-finderevenagainstChristhimself.Foryouἔφης in Reusssaid:“Look,agluttonandadrunkard, afriendoftax-collectorsandsinners!”Luke 7:34❧ Note Luke chapter heading on this line

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 40 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 40 on Luke (Syriac), PS157 3HehadbeeninvitedbyoneofthePharisees,butsinceheiskindand benevolentand“wisheseveryonetobesavedandtocometotheknowledgeofthetruth,”1 Timothy 2:4 heassentedtotheonewhoaskedafavourandenteredandreclinedatthetable.Thenawoman cameup,whohadledalicentiouslifebutwasshowntobefaithfulinher devotion.Notunawareofthedisgraceinherformerbehaviour,shebegantocallto Christ,ashewasabletowipeherclean,setherasidefromallblameandgrantrelease fromhermisdemeanours.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 118FromSaintSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon118 3ThePhariseeisatypeofthesynagogueoftheJews.TheWordofGodcametodwell asifinasinglehome: hewasonlyrecognised inPalestineand appearedinthe tentofwitness.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 118Andalittlelateron ￣Thesinfulwoman enteredthehomeand theChurchcameofits ownaccord,assembled fromthenationsthrough outtheworld,and itbelievedinChristofitsownaccord,ashereclinedwithungraciousandsenselesspeople. Butremarkablywelldiditsay“See,awomanwhowasasinner,”Luke 7:37notinonekindonly,butin everysortofsinandsexualimmorality.Foritisthecustomofthedivinescriptureto nameeverysingenericallyassexualimmorality,especiallythesupplantingofdivine worshipwheneverthereisapreferenceforlifelesscarvedidolsandstonesandwoodinstead oftheoneGod.❧ xlix

Severus of Antioch, Letter to Anastasia the DeaconFromSaintSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromtheLetter toAnastasiatheDeaconess.❧ 4￣Youaskedifitisaccordingtothenarrativeoftheholygospels.Onemightinquirewhether itwasonewomanortwowhoanointedtheLordwithmyrrh,forthefourevangelistshave writtenthathewasanointedwithmyrrhbyawoman.Accordingly,Ihaveconsideredthis myselfandmadeacarefulstudyofthenarrative.Havinglookedintentlyatthe accuracyofthegospelwritings,Ireckontherearethreewomenand oneman,fromthequalityofthecharactersandfromthemannerofthedeed itselfandfromthedifferenceoftheoccasions.ForJohnsaysthisaboutMary, thesisterofLazarusandMartha,whoisexceedinglypraisedandpious, andisreckonedamongthedisciplesofJesus,givinghisaccountas follows:“SixdaysbeforethePassoverJesuscametoBethany,thehomeof ›Lazarus,whomhehadraisedfromthedead.Theretheygaveadinnerforhim. ›Marthaserved,andLazaruswasoneofthoseatthetablewithhim. ›Marytook ›apoundofcostly ›perfumemadeofpure ›nard,anointed ›Jesus’feet,and ›wipedhisfeet ›withherownhair.”John 12:1–3 Sixdaysbeforethe Passover,atthehouseofMaryandLazarusandMartha,theevangelist clearlyrecountedthatthishappened,justasearlierhevoicedinadvancethevery ›samething:“MarywastheonewhoanointedtheLordwithperfumeandwiped ›hisfeetwithherhair;herbrotherLazaruswasill.”John 11:2 Forthedivinescripturehasvoicedinadvancemanysuchthingswhichare...Part of this line is illegible. justaswithregardtoJudas,Markcountsoutthenamesofthetwelve apostlesandsays“andJudasIscariot,whobetrayedhim,”Mark 3:19 eventhoughhehadnotyetbetrayedhim:rather,hewrotewhatwasgoingto happenasthoughithadalreadytakenplace.Matthewintroducesalongdiscourse spokentothedisciples,whenJesuswantedtowalktothecrosswhichwouldbeforsalvation, aboutthecompletionofthepresentageandaboutthepreparationofgood workswhichwouldintroducetousthelifetocome.Hebringstheminas ›follows,saying,“WhenJesushadfinishedsayingallthesethings,he ›saidtohisdisciples:‘YouknowthataftertwodaysthePassoveris ›coming’”,andsoonMatthew 26:1–2.“NowwhileJesuswasatBethanyinthehouseofSimon ›theleper,awomancametohimwithanalabasterjarofverycostly ›ointment,andshepoureditonhisheadashesatatthetable.”Matthew 26:6–7Next, itmustbeunderstoodhow,whenJesussaysthat“Youknowthataftertwo daysthePassoveriscoming”,theevangelistthusrecordedthathearrived inthesameBethany,inthehouseofSimontheLeper, andthathewashonouredbythewomanwithmyrrh,notwhenhisfeetwere anointedbutwhenthealabasterjarwaspouredoverhishead.So,fromthis too,then,thedifference appears.Forwhilethis happenedinthehouse ofSimontheLeper, whatwaswrittenby Johnwasinthehouse ofMaryandMartha. Again,itappears fromthenatureof thedeed:inonethewomananointedhisfeetandwipedthemdrywiththe hairofherownhead,butintheothershepoursitontheheadofJesus. Anditalsoappearsfromthetime:Johnsaidthatthatmealtookplacesix daysbeforethePassover,butMatthewtwodaysbefore:onlyMarkspeaks inaccordancewithMatthewthatthesamehappenedineveryrespect.❧ Severus of Antioch, Letter to Anastasia the DeaconAndalittlelateron ￣Luke,indeed,doesnotspeakabouttheoccasionofthePassover,butsomewherearound themiddleofthegospelorevenslightlybeforethis,hehaswrittenthatoneof thePhariseesinvitedJesusChrist,ourLordandGod,toafeast,asfollows:“Oneof ›thePhariseesaskedJesustoeatwithhimandhewentintothePharisee’s ›houseandtookhisplacebythetable.Andawomaninthecity,whowas asinner,havinglearnedthathewaseatinginthePharisee’shouse”Luke 7:36–37At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 7:37b–39a. l

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 8￣WhenSimonansweredandsaid,“Theoneforwhomhecancelledmost,”Luke 7:43inresponsetothisJesus says,“What,then,doyouconclude?Forneitherareyouwithoutsin.Whatbenefitisitifyouare lessindebtbut,however,arestillnotdeliveredfromyoursins?Donotbe proud:youyourself alsohaveneedofthe forgivenessofsins. Itoftenhappensthat theonewhohas stumbledmuchis deliveredbythe confessionoftheir sins.Yettheonewho hassinnedlittlemay, througharrogance, notreachtheremedy ofconfessionandreceive nobenefit.Foritisnot throughnothaving manypossessionsthat judgmentisaverted, butcondemnationeven appliestothelowly. Forinthesamemeasure inwhichitissinful, soisthesouldeprived ofspeechbefore thejudgmentseatof Christ.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 9￣Theprovisionofwateriseasy,butthepouringoutoftearsisnot easy.Youdidnotprovidewhatwasprepared;sheemptiedoutwhatwasunprepared,andshe wateredmyfeetwithtearsandwashedawayherownsins. Shewipedthemdry withherhairsothat byherhairshemight touchtheholyskin, andthroughthemeans bywhichshehad soughtforfreshsin, shesoughtholiness.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesame 10￣Youdespisedme; shehonouredme. Youdidnotlack anythingtoconfess; sheknewkeenly herownevils. Forthisreason, Isaytoyou“Her ›manysins ›areforgiven.”cf. Luke 7:48 Hespokewhat wastruesothat thePhariseeshould understandthatjust astheLordknew theweightofthe sins,healsoheard histhoughts.❧Several pages are missing, which would have contained 7:47b–8:4a. li

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 41 on LukeCyril, Sermon 41 on Luke (Syriac), PS163tocometofaithinhim.Theyalsoopposedinanunholyfashioneventhecommands giventhroughhim,andtheycriticisedthosewhowantedtositbeforehim andthirstedforinstructionfromhim.Theydishonouredhim,saying: ›“Hehasademonandismad.Whydoyoulistentohim?”John 10:20Thereforeitwasnot grantedtothemtoknowthemysteriesofthekingdomofheaven,butrathertous whoaremorereadyforfaith.Forhehimselfhasgiventousthesoleabilitytounderstand “parablesanddarkspeech,thewordsofthewiseandriddles.”Proverbs 1:6Forthey areimages,liketheparables,ofdeedswhicharenotseenbutarerather understoodandspiritualinnature.Forwhattheeyesofthebodyareincapable ofseeing,thistheparableshowstotheeyesofthemind,beautifully shapingthesubtletyofspiritualthingsthroughmatterswhichare perceptibleandsimilar totouching.Letus see,then,whatsortof understandingtheword oftheSaviourweavesfor us.“Asower,”hesays, “wentouttosow”Luke 8:5and soon.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 16￣“Hewentout”:forthecoeternalWordoftheFatherwasinthebosom oftheFatherbeforeeveryage.Forisisnotonlythenwhenhesows,northenwhenheisborn ofMarythathetakesthebeginningofhisexistence,buthewasbornbeforetheagesand“hewas intheworldandtheworlddidnotknowhim.”John 1:10Thesowerwentouttosow hisownseed.Whyisithisown?Forhedoesnotborrowtheword.TheWordofGod asitexistsbynatureisnotPaul’sownseed,norJohn’s,norofany otheroftheapostlesorprophets.Butwhileitwasseed,asitwasnot theirown:instead,theyhavewhattheyreceived.Christ,however,hashisownseed,from hisownnature,ashebringsforthteaching.ForifPaulsays:“Iplanted, Apolloswatered,”1 Corinthians 3:6heassignstheactofsowingtotheSaviour,buttheplantingto himself.Fortheonewhoplantstakesfromoneplaceandtransferstoanother.Theonewho sowsdoesnottransplant,buthetakesfromhisownstorehousesandscatters, sowingwithageneroushand.Paulsaid,“SinceyoudesireproofthatChrist isspeakinginme.”2 Corinthians 13:3ButtheSavioursays:“Donotcallanyoneteacheronearth.Foryourone teacherisinheaven.”cf. Matthew 23:8Whatsortofteacher?Theonewhodiscourseswithout havingstudied.ThisiswhytheJewssaid“Howdoesthismanknowletters withouthavingstudiedthem?”John 7:15Thisiswhyhecalledtheseedhisown,that youmightlearnthattheseedisofhisnature.Forheisalsothesowerofall thatisgood,andwearehisland:ofhimandfromhimisall spiritualfruit- bearing.Heteaches usthistoo,saying, ›“Withoutmeyoucan ›donothing.”John 15:5❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 41 on LukeFromSaintCyril.Cyril, Sermon 41 on Luke (Syriac), PS164 17￣Whattheaimisof thediscourse,andwhither thedeepermeaningofthe parablepoints,letuslearn fromhimwhoputsit together.Theblessed disciplesbeforeuswere ignorantofthesethings. Theywentuptothe Saviourentreatinghim andsaying,“Whatisthis parable?”cf. Luke 8:9Andwhat didChristsaytothis? “Theseedistheword ofGod”Luke 8:11andsoon.❧ lii

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 41 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 41 on Luke (Syriac), PS164 18￣Whatisthereasonthatwhatfallsonthepathsissnatchedup?Wemayseeright awaythattheanswerisinthesolidity.Everypathishardandunploughed, becauseitisexposedtothefeetofall,andnoneoftheseeds canbeburiedinthere.Instead,theylieonthesurfaceandareready tobesnatchedaway forthosebirdswho wish.Therefore allthosewhohave amindinthemwhich ishardandclosedup, thesedonot receivethedivine seed.Forthedivine andsacredwarning doesnotworkits wayintothem, bymeansofwhich theycouldbearthe fruitsoftheglories whichleadtovirtue. Thesepeoplehave becomethepath trampledbyunclean spiritsandbySatan himself,whichhas noabilityeverto becomenourishing forwhatisholyas theyhaveaheartwhichisbarrenandunproductive.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 41 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 41 on Luke (Syriac), PS165 19￣Fortherearepeoplewhoholdfaithwithinthemselveswithoutcarefulexamination,asifitis simplyfromwords,buttheydonotapplytheirmindtothetestingofthemystery.Such peoplehavepietytowardsGodwhichislightandwithoutroots.Theygointothe churches,theyfeelpleasureatthemultitudeofthosewhoareassembledandtheygladly acceptinstructioninthemysteries,butinanundiscriminatingwayandfromshallow wishes.Oncetheyhavegoneoutofthechurches,theyarestraightawaycarriedoff fromtheholyteachingstoforgetfulness.WhileChristianaffairsarecarriedon afairwindandthereisnotrialdisturbingthem,evenatsuchatimethesepeople scarcelykeepsafethefaithwithinthem.Butwhenpersecutionisraging, theyhaveaheartwhichavoidsconflictandamindwhichrunsaway.Tothemtheprophet ›Jeremiahsays: ›“Takeupweapons andshields,”Jeremiah 26:3especially astheGodwho saveshasan unconquerable hand.Asthe all-wisePaulsays, ›“Godisfaithful, ›andhewillnotlet ›youbetestedbeyondyourstrength,butwiththetestinghewillalsoprovidethewayoutsothat youmaybeabletoendureit.”1 Corinthians 10:13Yetevenifitmightsomehowhappenthatwesufferinthecauseof championingpietyinChrist,thenwewouldbecompletelyandthoroughlyworthyofenvy.Indeed, ›theSaviourdeclaredtotheholyapostles,“Donotfearthosewhokill thebody,butcannotkillthesoul;ratherfeartheone whocandestroybothbodyandsoulinhell.”Matthew 10:28Hedid notonlyteachusthesethingswithwords,butalsowithdeeds.Forhelaidasidefor ushisownsoul,andhewonforhimselfallthatisundertheheavenwithhisown blood.Accordingly,wedonotbelongtoourselvesbutrathertotheonewhoboughtusand ransomedus,andweowetohimourlife.For,asthemarvellous ›Paulsays,“ForthisreasonChristdiedandlivedagain,sothathemightbeLord ›ofboththedeadandtheliving”Romans 14:9.❧ liii

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 41 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 41 on Luke (Syriac), PS166 20￣ForwhiletheSavioursows,althoughtheseedremainswithinthesoulsofthosewhohave receiveditandhasalreadyrisen,sotosay,andhasshotuptothepointofbeingvisible,itis chokedbytheworriesoftheworld.JustasJeremiahsays,itbecomes ›“Ahandfulwhichdoesnothavestrengthtomakewheat-meal.”Hosea 8:7“Change,then,thechanges foryourselves,”saysanotherprophet,“anddonotsowamongthorns.”Jeremiah 4:3Therefore, sothatthedivineseedshallflourishwithinus,letuscastoutworldly worriesfromourminds.Buttherichandfertilesoil,whichproducesfruit one-hundredfoldwithregardtosuchthings,mightveryjustlybeconsidered whatwasspokenfromGodbyoneoftheholyprophets:“Andallnations willcallyoublessed,becauseyouwillbeadesiredland.”Malachi 3:12Forwhenever thedivinewordisbrought downatsomepointintoa mindwhichispureofthe customaryannnoyances, thenitfixesitsroot deeplyandlikeanear ofcornshootsupand producesfinefruit. ButIthinkthatfact isalsobeneficialtosay tothosewhohavechosentolearn.ForMatthew,whenheisrecounting thisverysamechaptertous,saidthatthegoodsoilproducesfruit inthreedifferentways.Forhesaysthatonebroughtforthonehundred,one sixty,andonethirtycf. Matthew 13:8.Observe,then,howChristsaidthattherewerethreetypes offailure,andthesearelikewiseequalinnumbertothesuccesses.For thoseoftheseedswhichfallonthepatharesnatchedupbybirds; thoseinthestonygroundonlyblossomandarewitherednotalong timeafter;thoseinthethornsarechokedtodeath.Butthedesirableland bringsforthfruitinthreedifferentways,asIhavesaid:100,and60,and30. ›Astheall-wisePaulwrites,“EachhasaparticulargiftfromGod,onehaving ›onekindandanotheradifferentkind.”1 Corinthians 7:7Forwedonotfindthatthesuccesses whichhappenforthesaintsarealwaysandeverywhereinequalmeasure.Itis simplynecessarytobeeagerforwhatisbetterandsuperiortothemoreearthly things.❧

John Chrysostom, Homily 15 on MatthewFromSaintJohn,BishopofConstantinople 21￣Sayingthesewords,heleadsthemtostrictnessoflife,trainingthemtobe energetic,asiftheyareunderthegazeofallpeopleandcompetinginthe middleofthetheatreoftheworld.‘Fordonotlookatthis,’hesays,‘thatwe arenowsittinghereandareinasmallpartofacorner,asyouwillbecome visibletoall.’❧Origen, Fragment 121c–d on LukeFromOrigen 21￣Theonewhodoesthisdoesnottakethoughtforthepeopleenteringthehouse, forwhomitisnecessary tosetupthelamp. Theyattachtothe truelightandthe brightwordandthe raysofwisdomthe mindwithinthem, whichhasanature accordingtohowthe Creatorpreparedit whenthelamp stilllackedthe kindlingfromthe WordandWisdom andthetruthof theTrueLight.❧ Apollinarius, Commentary on Matthew (?)FromApollinarius 21￣Oneoughttobe eagertokeep thebrightnesswhichisgiventousintheheight,andnottoconcealitinlaziness,ofwhich thebedisthesymbol:itslowsthebodydownwithcarnalpleasures.Forwedonothave bynaturewhatisgood,butfromagift.Leaveasidesuchafailuretotakeproperconcern: insteadheleadsusawayfromtheloveofourownglorybysettingthegloryofGod asthegoalofourdeeds.❧ liv

Victor, extract in Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)FromVictorthePresbyter 22￣Forwhenthereissuchgreatexcellence,itisimpossibleforittoliehidden.❧

Victor, extract in Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)Fromthesame 23￣FortheonewhohasaneagerpurposewillreceivethegraceoftheSpiritandwisdomand knowledgeandaworthyrewardfortheirlabours.❧Victor, extract in Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)Fromthesame 24￣Forwhatiswithinusisfromnatureoritisgivenbygrace.Unlessweguardthese thingsthroughconstant attentionandindustrious eagerness,wewillbe punished:notonly dowereceive nothing,butwealso loseevenwhat wethoughtwehad.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 25￣Fromthisitisclearthat theSaviourwasnotwith hisrelativesaccordingto theflesh.Forhehadleft thembehindanddevoted himselftohisfather’steaching. Butwhenhewasmissed becauseofhisabsence, andtheydesiredto seehimbecauseof hislongtimeaway, hismotherarrives, andhisbrothers,the earlierchildrenofJoseph, whowerecalledbrothers. ThefamilyoftheLord isnotrestricted,nor ishisfriendshipwith humanscircumscribed toonlyafewpeople, forhecametocall thewholeworldintoagenerousrelationshipwithhim.Anticipatingthis,hesaidtohisFather intheprophets,“Iwillannounceyournametomybrothers,”cf. Psalm 21:23 LXXandheexplains whatsortofbrothers,saying“inthemiddleoftheassemblyIwillpraiseyou.”Psalm 21:23 LXXAccordingly,where theassemblyofGodis,thereisthebrotherhoodofChrist.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 26￣“ThewordofGod”Luke 8:21:thewordwashis,forthereisoneteachingfromtheFatherandtheSonin theprophetsandintheevangeliststhroughtheactivityoftheHolySpirit.Buthesays“thewordof God”inordertodirectthehonourtotheFather.ForasitbefitstheFathertobeget aSon,soitbefitstheonewhoisbegottentohonourthebegetter.However,hismother andbrothers“arethosewhohearthewordofGodanddoit.”Luke 8:21Forhearing alsoneedstobeputintopractice.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 42 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 42 on Luke (Syriac), PS169 26￣Whatwillbewell-pleasingtohimandadeargiftandspiritualsacrificefromus isobediencetohim.Itiswrittenasfollows:“Aresacrificesandburntofferingsas desirabletotheLordasobediencetohisvoice?See,obedienceisbetterthan sacrifice,andlisteningthanthefatoframs.”1 Samuel 15:22Letno-onethinkthatChrist neglectedthehonourduetohismother,orwassparinginlovetowardshis brothers.Hehimself hadspokenthelaw throughMosesand hadstatedclearly: ›“Honouryourfather ›andyourmotherthat ›itmayturnoutwellfor you.”Exodus 20:12Didhethusreject lovetowardsone’s brothers,hewhoalso instructedustolove notjustbrothersbuteventhosewhoarefoundinarelationshipofhostilitytous? Forhesays“Loveyourenemies.”Matthew 5:44What,then,doesChristwish ›toteach?Heexaltstoagreatheightlovetowardsheaven,ifonlytheywouldbewillingto submittheirnecktothecommandsfromhim.Iwilltellthemannerofthis:we allowethehighesthonoursandarrangementsforsupporttomothersand brothers.Thereforehesaysthathismotherandbrothersarethose“whohearhisword anddoit.”cf. Luke 8:21Howisitnotcleartoallthathegrantstothosewhofollowhim alovewhichischoiceandworthyofacceptance?❧At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 8:22–25a. lv

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 43 on LukeCyril, Sermon 43 on Luke (Syriac), PS176forawonderandabenefittothosewhohear.Forthecreationobeysthosewhom Christwishestoinstruct.Themanneroftherebukedoesnotmatter.Matthew saysthatithappensindivineauthority,forhesaidthattheLordsaystothesea: “Besilent,bemuzzled,”Mark 4:39andalongwiththewordtherefollowedthedeed.Theseatoo knowstheonewho gatheredittogetherinthe beginningbyacommand: ›“Whoputthesand ›asalimitforit ›whichitwouldnot ›exceed.”Jeremiah 5:22❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 44 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 44 on Luke (Syriac), PS180 ￣TheSaviourcame toharbourinthelandof theGergesenestogether withtheholydisciples. Thenamanmetthem, whohadbeenthe dwelling-placefor manyuncleanspirits: hewasoutofboth hismindandhissenses.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 44 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 44 on Luke (Syriac), PS181 ￣FortheGodof allpurposefullypermits sometocomeunder theirpower,notsomuch thattheyshouldsuffer, butsothatwemightlearn throughthemwhattheirnatureiswithregardtous,andthuswemayavoidwishingtobe subjecttothem.So,whenonepersonhassuffered,manyarebroughtundercontrol.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 44 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 44 on Luke (Syriac), PS181 32￣Seeherefearentwinedwithgreatrashnessandfolly.Foritisanexampleof diabolicalfollytodaretosay“Whathaveyoutodowithme,SonoftheMost HighGod?”Luke 8:28ForifyouknowfullwellthatheisSonoftheMostHighGod,youconfessthatheis Godoftheheavenandtheearthandwhatisinthem.How,then,doyougraspatwhatisnotyours butisratherhis,when yousay,“Whathave youtodowithme?” Whichofthekingson earthwouldputupwith thosewholieunderhis sceptrebeinggivenupto barbarians?Uttersounds ›whichbefityou:these ›arefoundin“Ibegyou, ›donottormentme.”For itsaysthat“Hehadcommanded thespirittocome outoftheman.”Luke 8:29 Observe,Iaskyou again,theincomparable gloryoftheonewho transcendseverything: ImeanChristandhis irresistiblestrength. HecrushesSatan whenhesimplywishes thatheshouldsuffer.The wordsofChristarefireandflamesforhim,sothatitistrue,astheblessed Psalmistsays,that“themountainsmeltedlikewaxbeforethefaceofGod.”Psalm 96:5 LXXForhelikens tomountainshighandloftypowers,meaningevilones,which,asiftheyare incontactwithfire,meltawayatthepowerandauthorityofourSaviour inthemannerofwax.❧ lvi

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 44 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 44 on Luke (Syriac), PS182 33￣DidChristaskbecausehedidnotknow,andseektofindoutasifhewereoneofus?Yethow isitnotcompletelyabsurdtosayorimaginesomethingofthissort?Forhekneweverything, asGod,andhe“examinestheheartsandtheinwardparts.”Psalm 7:10 LXXButheaskedpurposefullysothatwe mightlearnthatagreatmultitudeofdemonsoccupiedonehumansoul.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 44 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Sermon 44 on Luke (Syriac), PS184 34￣Theherdoftheuncleanspiritsaskedfortheherdofpigswhichwasthesame sizeandnature.Christpurposefullyagreed,eventhoughhewasnotunawareofwhat wouldbedonebythem.Forhehadgivenauthoritytothemsothatthistoo,withthe otherthingshedid,shouldbeforusareasonforbenefitandahopeofsafety.Theyask forauthorityover thepigs,clearlyasthey donothaveit.Butifthey areunabletoperform thingssosmallandeasily accomplished,how couldtheywrong oneofthosewhohad beensealedbyChristand madefastonhopeinhim? Andindeed,inaddition tosuchthings,itis possibletolearn fromwhathappenedtotheflockofpigsthatthesedemonsarewickedandsinful andtheyplotagainstthosewhofallundertheirpower.Forthiswouldshowit veryclearly:thethrowingofthepigsoffthecliffanddrowningtheminthewaters. Forthisreason,Christgrantedtheirrequestsothatwemightlearnfromthe resultwhatsortofcharacterstheyare,howharshandwild.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 34￣Asifhesaid,‘Donotsendusawayalreadyintotheouterdarknesswhichhasbeen preparedforthedevilandhisangels.’cf. Matthew 25:30, 41Sincetheyknowthattheywillbesentthere atsomepoint,theybegforaremissionuntiltherighttime,clearlyandobviouslyadmitting thatifhecommandedtheywouldgo.SotheLordwasabletocommandthem, butheallowedthemtobeonthisearth,justashedoesthedevilforthe exercisingofhumans:theabsenceofthecompetitorremovesthecrown fromthevictor.Whiletheyactwickedly,theumpireholdsoutthecrownfor thosewhoarevictorious.Thedemons“begged”theLordLuke 8:31.Ifthereweretwopowers, asthehereticssay,thedemonswouldnothavebeggedtheLord,unlesstheywere thehandiworkofGodandhadbeencastoutwhentheysinned.Accordingly,look attheappropriatenessofthecreatedworldandtheproofofsin.Forthe createdworldisundertheruler,butthesinnersareunderthejudge:theybeg andacknowledge theauthority.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesameTitus 35￣Thecompulsionof punishmentledthemto theSaviour.Foriftheywere innocent,theywouldnot havecome.Youseehow deedsthroughwhichthey arepunishedworkbenefitforsouls.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeTheyfoundthe manhealedandsitting atthefeetoftheLord. Forhedoesnotdepart fromthefeetfrom whichhereceived salvationandcleansing andreleasefromthe demons.Hewasclothed, whohadalwaysbeen naked;hewassitting, whohadalwaysbeen driven;hewasbeside thefeet,whohadnot beenheldbackby chains.Theyrecognised theindividual;they wereamazedatthe healingofhissuffering; theywereastoundedat thehappening.❧At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 8:36–42. lvii

Origen, Fragment 125 on Luke, with additions towards the end.Origen: Lienhard frag 125 pp. 177–9Theyarephysicianstryingtoheal,butshehadspentallherresources and“shewasnotabletobehealedbyany”Luke 8:43ofthephysicians.“Shetouched thehem”Luke 8:44ofJesus.IfweseeourfaithinChristJesusandrealisehowgreatis theSonofGodandwhoitisthatwehavetouched,wewillseethat,incomparison, wehavetouchedthehemofhishemswhilehehealedthewomanwhotouchedhis garment.Buteven sothehemheals us,andmakesus hearfromJesus, ›“Daughter,your ›faithhasmadeyou ›well.”Luke 8:48Wetoo willbehealedonce wehavetouchedthe hemofJesus.Soifwe toowishourselvesto behealed,weshall touchinfaiththe hemofJesus andweshallbehealedifwemaybehealed.When“thefullnumberoftheGentiles hascomein”then“allIsraelwillbesaved”Romans 11:25–26.❧

Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer)Fromanunattributedsource 41￣ItwasnotpossibletodrawclosetotheLordandtotouchhimbodily,whenonedrewnear andtouched,unlessoneweretodothisspiritually.Ithappened,accordingly,thatthiswaswhat thewomandid,whichiswhysheissoughtbytheLordandhecallsherintohissight: thedisciplesdidnotknowwhatisbeingsought,butthoughtthattheLordwasspeakingabouta singletouch,ofthesametypeasallotherpeopletouched.Forthisreason,theLordexplains andsays,“Someonetouchedme,”Luke 8:46justashealsosaid“Letanyonewithearstohearlisten”Luke 8:8 eventhougheveryonehasthissortofbodilyhearingandalllistenasfarastheplain hearingofthewords.Butitwasneitherpossibletohearwhatwasnotintelligible, nortotouchwhatwasnotbelievable.Sowhydoeshecallherintohissightandlifthisholy eyestoinspectthewoman?BecausesheisworthyoftheLord’ssight.Sheisalsoworthyof demonstrationtothosewhoarepresent,becauseshewouldbeanexampletoalloffaith andanencouragementtofaiththroughthepraisewhichwouldrightlybegiventoher.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 45 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 45 on Luke (Syriac), PS192 41SodidtheLordin desireforfamenotallow thedisplayofdivine activity,namelythemiraclewhichhappenedtothewoman,togounnoticed?Wedonot saythis,butratherthatitwasbecauseheeverywherelookstothebenefitofthosewhoare calledtogracethroughfaith.Accordingly,theunrecognisedsignwouldhavedonewrongto many,butwhenitbecameknownitbenefittedtheminnosmallway,abovealltheleader ofthesynagogue.Foritmademoresecurehishoperegardingwhatheanticipated, andgrantedhimstrongercouragethatChristwouldalsorescuehisdaughter fromthesnaresofdeath.Source UnknownSoweknowthatEmmanuelisGodanddoesnotneed eyeswhichseetoknoweverything,norishisunderstandingofmattersbasedon perception,butitisbeyondbodilyperception.❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 51FromSaintSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon51 41￣Heinquired“Whotouchedme?”cf. Luke 8:45notbecausehedidnotknowthewomanwhotouchedhim, butbecausehewishedthroughtheinquirytomakepublicthetouchwhichwasonlynoticedbyhim. Ofcourse,thediscipleswerealsoataloss.Forthereweremanypeoplewhowerepressinghardor, tosaywhatitwasinfact,touching.Hecalledout,“Someonetouchedme;forInoticedthatpower wentoutofme.”Luke 8:46Thepowerwhichhesaidwentoutwastheactivityofhealingwhichshehad drawnoutbyfaithandthecureswhichshehaddrawnupasiffromaflowingwell.❧ lviii Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 42￣Allthosepeoplewhotouchhimwithoutfaithpressonhimandsqueezehim,astheyare anunharmoniouscrowd.Youareonethroughfaith:forwherethereisharmonyoffaith, theremultiplicityistakenawayandcommonpurposeisbroughttogetherintounity. Hecalls“daughter”thewomanwhohasbeenhealedforthesakeoffaith.Forfaithhas grantedtoherthe inheritancewhichis greaterthanhealing. Forhesays,“Yourfaith hasmadeyouwell.”Luke 8:48❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 45 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 45 on Luke (Syriac), PS192 42Wehavebeen givenfullassurancethat Emmanuelisthetrue God,bothfrom theeventwhichwas marvellouslyaccomplished andfromthedivinewordswhichhespoke.Forhesays,“Inoticedthatpowerhadgone outfromme.”Luke 8:46Itisbeyondthelimitsofourexperience,andsomehowperhaps alsooftheangels,tosendoutsomepowerasfromone’sownnature, meaningfromthemselves.Thispropertybefitsonlythenaturewhichis beyondeverythingandmostlofty.Fornoneofthoseamongcreatedbeings bearsanypower,suchashealingorsomeother,whichistheirown,butasagift fromGod.❧

Origen, Fragments 127b–c on LukeFromanunattributedsource 44￣Earlier,shedidnotdareoutofreverencetomeethimopenlyandtohaveexpectations abouthealing.Butwhensheissoughtout,shemeetshimsuitably:bothfearfulandreverent andshowingappropriateawe.Shemakestheconfessionofthehealingclearlybeforeeveryone, bearingwitnesstothehealingnottotheonewhoknowseverythingbuttothosewhoareunaware intheirperception. ForMarkalsosays this,that“Shefelt inherbodythatshewas healedofherdisease.”Mark 5:29 Thishealingwhich shereceivedbytouch theSaviouralso confirmedbyhisword, ›saying“Journey ›inpeaceandbe ›healedfromyour ›disease.”Mark 5:34Heheals firstthesoulby faithandthen thebodyalso.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 45￣For,sothatyoushould restrainyourselfand notsay,‘Ihaveno needofyou,Lord’,the endhasalreadyhappened. Thegirlhasdiedwhomwe expectedhimtoheal.ForshewaswithoutfaithandhadthemindsetofJudaism.TheLord anticipatesthisandsays“Donotbeafraid.”Luke 8:50Stopthesewordsoffaithlessness;holdyour tongue.“Onlybelieve,”Luke 8:50justasthewomandid.Forshewaslikeapreludeofthe forthcomingmiracle.❧At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 8:51–56. lix

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 47 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 47 on Luke (Syriac), PS199 49￣Itistruetosaythathonourablefruitcomesfromgoodworks.Fortothosewho wishtoaccomplishalifeaspureandundefiledasispossibleforhumans,Christ makesthembrightwithgiftsfromhimself:hegrantsarichrecompensetothem forwhattheyhaveledinaholyfashion,andheestablishesthemas sharersofhispersonalglory.Taketheholyapostlesasaclearandeffective demonstrationofthematter:seehowtheyhavebecomemostpre-eminentand crownedwithglorybeyondwhatishuman,whenChristgivesthistootothem aftertheothergifts.For,itsays,“hehasgiventhempowerandauthorityover alldemonsandtocurediseases.”Luke 9:1Butseeagainhowtheincarnate WordofGod exceedsthemeasure ofhumanityandis prominentinthe dignitiesofdivinity. Foritisbeyond thelimitsof humanityand ofGodalonetograntauthorityoveruncleanspiritstothosehewishes, andalsotheabilitytofreefromsicknessesthosewhoareintheirgrip. Forboththesuperiorityandthegloryofthehighestnaturesubsistsby natureinnobeingexcepthimandhimalone.Accordingly,thegracebestowed ontheholyapostlesisworthyofwonder,butbeyondallpraiseand wonderisthegenerosityofthebestower,forhegrants,asIhavesaid,hisown glory.Ahumanreceivesauthorityoverevilspirits,andsubduesthebrow ›whichissodisdainful,Imeanthatofthedevil,eventhoughheoncesaid, ›“WeshallseizethewholeinhabitedearthbyhandlikeanestandIshalllift ›itlikeeggsthathavebeenleftbehindandthereisnoonewhowillescapemeor ›contradictme.”Isaiah 10:14Hewasmistakenoverthetruthandmissedthemarkofhishope, haughtyandwildandvauntinghimselfovertheweaknessofeveryone,fortheLordofthe powersmarshalledagainsthimtheministersoftheholyproclamations.Thiswaswhat wasproclaimedinadvancebyoneoftheholyprophetsaboutSatanandthe ›holyteachers,that“Suddenlythosewhobitehimwillarise,andthose ›whoplotagainstyouwillbecomesober,andyouwillbeplunderforthem.”Habakkuk 2:7 ›FortheyhavesimplydevouredSatan:theyplotagainsthisglory andtheyseizehispossessionsandtakethemtoChristthroughfaith inhim.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 47 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 47 on Luke (Syriac), PS202Sowasitwithoutcausethathe madethemsuchoutstandingpeople,andfornonecessity?Yethowisthattrue? Foritwasnecessary,mostnecessary,thatwhentheyhadbeenappointedministersoftheholy proclamationstheyshouldbeabletoestablishfromtheirachievementsthattheywereboth ministersofGodandmediatorsofwhatisbelowheaven,callingeveryonetoreconciliation andtorighteousness infaith.Forthose whoarenotready toreceive,if onemayputit likethat,miracles andwondersare necessary:thus aretheycalled,withdifficulty,towardsthetruth.Havingadornedtheholyapostleswiththesegifts, heinstructedthemtogo,theirdutybeingtospeakthemysteryofhimtothoseeverywhereonearth. Forthisreason,heordersthemtobeasunencumberedaspossibleandhewishesthemtobe releasedfromeveryworldlyconcern,evensoastopaynoattentiontonecessary andindispensablefood.Forhesaysitwillbeanadornmentforthem andlikeacrowntopossessnothingandnottotakewiththemanything atall:nostick,nopurse,nobread,nosilvernortwotunics. HeallbutsaystothemwhatisinthePsalms:“CastyourcareontheLord, andhehimselfwillnourishyou.”Psalm 54:23 LXXForitisalsotruewhatChristhimselfsaid:“Youcannot serveGodandwealth.”Luke 16:13Thisissothattheyshouldhaveaconsistentandstraightforward lx life,lookingonlytothedutyofproclaimingthemystery.Heinstructedthem topaynoattentiontoclothesorfood.Butsomeonemightsay,‘Andfromwhere willtheirsupplyofindispensablerequirementscome?’Hepointsthisout tooimmediately,saying“Whateverhouseyouenter,staythere,andleave fromthere.”Luke 9:4Forhesaysthatthefruitwhichispresentfromthosewhoare instructedwillsuffice:thosewhohavereceivedspiritualthingsfromyouwilltake careofit.ForthemtostayinonehouseA phrase has been omitted in the Greek of Codex Zacynthius through homoeoteleuton: “he ordered , and not to go out . This was necessary in case ”oncetheyhadreceivedittheyshouldthen bedeprivedofthegift.Also,itissothattheholyapostlesthemselvesshouldnotgive anyhindrancetotheeagernessandenthusiasmforthedivinemessage, bybeingdraggedoffbymanypeoplewhowishednottolearnsomething necessarybuttosetalavishtablebeforethemwhichwasbeyondtheirneeds. Wewillknowfromthe wordsoftheSaviour thathonouringthesaints isnotwithoutareward. Forhesaidtothem: ›“Theonewhoreceives youreceivesme,and theonewhoreceives mereceivestheone whosentme.”Matthew 10:40 Forhepurposefully makeshisownandrelatestohisownpersonthehonourspaidtothesaints, sothatwhatissecureonallsidesmaybetheirs.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 47 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 47 on Luke (Syriac), PS206 50￣Foritisnecessaryforthemtorefusetoreceiveanythingatallfromthosewhodonot receivethemanddonotaccepttheholyproclamations.Foritisaltogether unbelievablethatthosewhodishonourthesavingproclamationandthemaster shouldshowthemselveskindwithregardtohisservants,orseekblessingsfromthem.❧ There is no catena text on this page. Note chapter heading on this line

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 48 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 48 on Luke (Syriac), PS208 51✣￣Letusexaminecarefullywhat“Sendthemaway”Luke 9:12means.For,asIsaid,someofthosewho followedhimwereurginghimtodeliverthemfromtheevilspiritswhichpossessedthem, whileotherswere seekingthebanishment oftheirsicknesses. Thedisciples,then, knowingthatsimply byagreeinghewould accomplishwhatwas desiredbytheafflicted, say“Sendthemaway”. Thisisnotbecause theythemselveshad lostpatienceand thoughtthatthe momentwaspast, buttheyhadlovefor thecrowds,asifthey werealreadyexercising apastoralroleand beginningtocare forthepeople.❧ lxii

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 48 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 48 on Luke (Syriac), PS209 62✣￣Sothatthemattermightpasstoanevengreaterheight,andthathemightberecognisedas beingGodinnaturebyeveryaspect,hemultipliesthesmallamount.Helooksuptoheaven,as ifaskingforablessingfromabove,andheperformsthisaswellpurposefullyforus.Forhehimself istheonewhofillsall,theblessingfromaboveandfromtheFather.Butsothatwemight learnthatwhenwebeginamealandareabouttobreakbreadweoughttoofferit toGod,asifputtingitonupturnedhandstocalldownablessingonitfromabove, hehaspurposefullybecomethebeginningandthetypeandthewayofthematter forus.How,then,did themiracleatthattime turnout?Amultitude ofmenwassatisfied, andnotasmallone, foritextendedtofive thousandwithout womenandchildren: thisiswhatanother oftheholy evangelistsaddedof hisowntothese wordscf. Matthew 13:21.The marveldidnotjust extendtothis,butthey alsocollectedtwelve basketsoffragments.Andwhatnext?Clearlyafullassurancethatthepracticeofhospitality hasarichrecompensefromGod.Butitisalsopossibletoseethatthenewwonders accordwiththeolderones,andaretheactivitiesofoneandthesamepower. HerainedmannainthedesertforthosefromIsrael,“Hegavethembread fromheavenandahumanatethebreadofangels,”Psalm 77:24–25 LXXaccordingtowhatissungin thePsalms.Butsee,againinthedeserthegenerouslysuppliedfoodfor thoseinneed,asifhebroughtitdownfromheaven.Formultiplying thesmallamount,asiffromnothing,tofeedsuchagreatmultitude wouldnotbedissimilartothefirstsign.❧ Severus of Antioch, Against the Apology of JulianFromSaintSeverusofAntioch,fromtheTreatiseagainstthe ApologyofJulian,ChapterThe chapter number is missing or illegible 52￣Foritwashehimselfwhoalsointhebeginningmadetheheavenandtheearth,andsaid: “Lettheearthproducegrassyplants;sowseedinitsnatureandlikeness.”Genesis 1:11Bythis saying,heputthepowerofmultiplicationintoeachseed,uptooneseedofmustard bearingonehundredfoldmanytimesandeverythingelsebeingmultipliedlikewise. ForthiswasalsograntedtoIsaacthroughhisblessing.Theholytextbearswitness, givingthefollowingaccount:“Isaacsowedinthatlandandfoundinthatyearthatthe barleyproducedonehundredfold:Godblessedhim.”Genesis 26:12Sotheonewhomultipliesthe seedsasbothcreatorandGodisnotsuchthatthemindofanyhumancouldapproachhim. Thustooisitmoredivinelyfittingandallthemoremarvellousthanthenormthathesends onthefivebreads boththeblessing andpowerof multiplication.❧ Severus of Antioch, To Kyriakos and the Other Orthodox Bishops in Constantinople52Fromthesame,from theLettertoKyriakos andtheotherOrthodox Bishopsin Constantinople Inresponsetothataswell,asIampresent,becauseyourassemblyisdivinelyledby theteachingsoftheholyfathers,likeintheofficeofthemysteries,ithasJesus himselfstandinginthemiddle.First,onthegreengrassofintroductoryand improvingthoughts,helaysyoualldownonthegroundingroupsofonehundred andgroupsoffifty,justasMarknarrates.Next,theyfeedthefivebreadstoyou, themoresolidwordsofthedivineteachings,whicharepurifyingforthe fivesenses.Theyhavealreadydriventoaperfectunderstanding,sothatthe perceptionsarekepttrainedforthefuture.Theygivethebanquetofthesevenloaves, whichisthemostperfectteaching,bearinginthis“thespiritofwisdomandunderstanding, thespiritofcounselandmight,thespiritofknowledgeandpiety,thespiritofthefearofGod,”Isaiah 11:2–3 justasIsaiahtheprophetenumeratedit.Forthenumbersevenisthesymbolofperfection. Thisisthereasonwhy,afterthefiveloaves,Jesusalsosetthetableoftheseven. lxiii Healsoaddsthedishofthefish,whichisthefruitofthesea.Asitseemstome, theaccountshowsthatthisisasiftheonewhohasbeennourishedbythebreads ofthegospelandhasacceptedtheteachingwilladdressthesea,meaningthathe “willshareinsufferingforthegospel”cf. 2 Timothy 1:8oftheLord,whichPaulalsosays,andwill endurethesaltyandbittertrialswhicharetherein.Thefruitoftheseissweetbecause ofthefish,which iseatenuplikea dishmoredelicious thanthebreads. Itmakestasteand digestion,justasit seemsalsotothemost wisePaul,ashesays, “Alldisciplineat thetimedoesnot seemtobepleasant butpainful,yetlater ityieldsthepeaceful fruitofrighteousness ›forthosewhohavebeen ›trainedbyit.”Hebrews 12:11Because ›theseashowsthe ›attackofthe ›temptationsclearly,thePsalmistcries:“Ihavecomeintothedepthsoftheseaandthe ›tempesthasoverwhelmedme.”Psalm 68:3 LXX❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 49 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 49 on Luke (Syriac), PS215 53￣Youseetheskilloftheinquiry.Hedidnotimmediatelysay,“You,whodoyousaythatIam?”Luke 9:20 Rather,herefersbacktothereportofthosewhowereoutsidesothat,havingrejecteditand shownittobedisreputable,hemightshepherdtheminfuturetothetrueopinion.Thisis indeedwhatwasdone.Forwhenthedisciplessaid,“SomesayJohntheBaptist, butothersElijah;andstillothersthatoneoftheancientprophetshasarisen, ”hesaidtothem,“Butyou,whodoyousaythatIam?”Luke 9:19–20Ah,howimportantisthe “you”!Heplacesthemoutsidetheothers,sothattheymightalsoescapetheir suspicionsandnothaveanunworthyopinionabouthim.Hesays“you”, thechosenones,whohavebeencalledtoapostleshipbyadecreefromme, whoarewitnessesofthemiraclesIhavewrought.“WhodoyousayIam?”Butagain, Peterleapsbeforethe othersandbecomesa mouthpieceofthewhole company.Heutters soundspleasingto Godandbringsforth anaccurateconfessionoffaithinhim,saying,“TheChristofGod.”Luke 9:20Thedisciple isunerring,forhedoesnotsaysimplythatheisChristfromGod,butrather “theChrist”.Forthereareverymanypeoplewhohavebeencalledchristsfrom theiranointingbyGodindifferentways.Somewereanointedtoberulers, othersprophets.Others,meaningus,havereceivedredemptionthroughChrist, theSaviourofusall,andhavebeenanointedwiththeHolySpiritandsohavetaken ontheappellationofchrist.Thereforethereareverymanychrists,buttheyarecalled thisafterthedeed:thereisoneandonlyonewhoisfromGodtheFather.Itisnotasif wearereallychrists,andnotthoseofGodbutratherofsomeoneelse:butashe andhealonehasashisownFathertheoneinheaven.Thereforeitisclearthat, distinguishinghimfromthemultitudeofothers,PeterrelatedhimtotheFather,as beinghisalone.HewasGodbynatureandshoneforthineffablyfromGodtheFather;his only-begottenWordbecamefleshaccordingtowhatiswritten.cf. John 1:14❧ lxiv

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 49 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 49 on Luke (Syriac), PS219 54￣Althoughhow,rather,oughtthedisciplestoannouncehimtopeopleeverywhere? Forthiswastheworkofthoseordainedbyhimtoapostleship.But,astheholy scripturesays,“Thereisatimeforeverything.”Ecclesiastes 3:1Itwasnecessaryforthatwhich remainedtofollowwhathadalreadybeenaccomplishedintheproclamationsabout him.Thiswas:thecross,thepassion,thedeathintheflesh,theResurrection fromthedead,thatgreatandtrulyremarkablesignthroughwhichheisattestedas trueGod,andSonofGodbynatureandtheEmmanueloftheFather.Fortoabolish deathcompletely andtooverturn destruction,and toplunderhell andundothe tyrannyofthe devil,andtomake sindepartandto opentothoseon theearththe gatesaboveand tojoinearthto heaven:asIhave said,thisrevealed himasbeingtrulyGod. Forthemoment,he thereforeordersthem tobesilentaboutthemysteryuntilthewholeplanofthedispensationshouldcometo itsfittingterm.Foratthatpoint,havingbeenraisedfromthedead,heinstructedthat themysteryshouldbelaidbaretoallthroughouttheearth,settingbeforeeveryone righteousnessthroughfaithandpurificationthroughholybaptism.For,hesaid,“All authorityhasbeengiventomeinheavenandonearth.Goandmakedisciplesofall nations,baptisingthemintothenameoftheFatherandofJesusandtheHolySpirit”Matthew 28:18–19The reading “Jesus” is also found in Reussandsoon.

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 50 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 50 on Luke (Syriac), PS221 55￣Thenoblegeneralsprompttheexperiencedmembersoftheirforcestofeats ofcouragenotonlybypromisingthemthehonoursfrombeingvictorious,butalso bysayingthatsufferingitselfishonourableandproducesallgoodreputeforthem. Foritisanimpossibilitythatthosewhowishtogainagoodreputationinbattles shouldnotalsofromtime totimeendurewounds fromtheiropponents. Yetsufferingwillnot bewithoutarewardfor them,fortheywillbe praisedasthosewho rushedagainsttheenemies andthisveryinjury willattestentirely forthemthatthey adoptedaplanwhich wasextremelybold. WealsoseeourLord JesusChristhimself teachingsomethingofthis nature.Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 50 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 50 on Luke (Syriac), PS222 ￣Itwasnecessary, mostnecessary,forthose ordainedbeforehand forsogreataserviceto bemostvaliantandbold soastodreadnoterrors. Apersonofthissort willdenythemselves,evenallbutrenouncingthepresentlife forwhatisgoodandtheirloveforChrist.ThuswillsomeonefollowChrist, allbutcryingoutandsayingtoChristtheSaviourofallthat“Foryoursakeweare puttodeathalldaylong;wearereckonedassheepforslaughter.”Psalm 43:23 LXX❧ lxv

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 50 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 50 on Luke (Syriac), PS224 56￣Forwheneversomeonelookstowhatispleasant,orratherexpedient,inthepresent moment,theywillshunsufferingandchoosetoliveostentatiously.Eveniftheyhave wealthandabundantpossessions,whatbenefitisitthenforthemoncetheyhavelosttheir soul?“Forthemannerofthislifeispassingaway”cf. 1Cor. 7:31andpleasuressubsideinthesameway asshadows,whilewealthdepartsfromthosewhohaveit.For“Treasuriesdonotbenefit ›thelawless,butrighteousnessisrescuedfromdeath.”Proverbs 10:2

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 50 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Sermon 50 on Luke (Syriac), PS225 57￣Inthesamemannerhebringsaboutmanybenefitsandnecessitiesthroughthesewords. First,heshowsthatitwillfollowcompletelyandutterlythatthosewhoareashamed ofhimandhiswordsencounterwhatisequivalent.Whatequivalencecould therebetothisforthepowerofjoy?It may be noted that Cyril, in this scholium, treats ‘shame’ as a positive rather than a negative emotion.Forifthejudgeisashamedatsomeone becauseheowestothemtherewardofobedienceandtheprivilegesoftheirlove forhimandthe crownoffavour, howcanitnot indisputablybe saidthatthose whohaveattained suchsplendidgood thingswillcompletely andutterlybeamong honoursandglories withoutend? Then,inaddition, heproducesfearinthem,sayingthathewillcomedownfromheaven,notinhisinitial insignificanceandinferioritywhichmatchesours,butinthegloryoftheFatherwiththe angelsflankinghim.Thereforeitiscompletelywretchedandfullofruintobecondemned forcowardiceandlazinesswhenthejudgehascomedownfromaboveandtheangelic ranksstandaroundhim.Butitisgreatandworthyofallwonder,andacauseof rejoicingandacceptance,thattheyrejoiceatwhathasalreadybeenachieved andawaittherewardsoftheirlabours.Forsuchpeoplewillbepraised ›whenChristsays,“Come,youthatareblessedbymyFather,inheritthe ›kingdompreparedforyoufromthefoundationoftheworld.”Matthew 25:34❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 51 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 51 on Luke (Syriac), PS227 58￣Asthedisciplesdidnotyethavethepowerfromonhigh,itwasreasonablethat somehowperhapstheyalsofellintohumanweaknesses,andwhentheythoughtofsomething ofthisnatureamongthemselves,theysaid,‘Howcansomeonedenythemselves?Orhow iftheyhavelosttheirownsoulwilltheyfinditagain?Whatwilltheequivalentprivilege beforthosewhosufferthis?Orofwhatsortofgiftsaretheyalsopartakers?’Accordingly, sothathemightrescuethemfromsuchthoughtsand,sotosay,mouldthem towardscourage,producingadesirefortheglorywhichwouldbetheirs, ›hesays,“Itellyou,therearesomestandingherewhowillnottaste ›deathbeforetheyseethekingdomofGod.”Luke 9:27Hesays,“thekingdomofGod”, thesightitselfofthegloryinwhichhehimselfwillbeseenatthatmomentoftime atwhichhewillenlighten thoseontheearth.For hewillcomeintheglory ofGodtheFather, andnotratherinthe humilitywhichisours. How,then,didhe makethosewho receivedthepromise viewersofthemiracle? Hegoesupthe mountaintaking threechosenfrom amongthem.Thenheistransformedtosuchanoutstandinganddivine brightnessthathisclothingalsogleamswiththerayofthelightand seemstoflashlikelightning.ThenMosesandElijah,standingby Jesus,speakwitheachotherabouthisdeparturewhich,itsays,“hewas goingtoaccomplishinJerusalem.”Luke 9:31Thismeansthemysteryofhisdispensation withfleshandthesavingpassionwhichhappened,Imean,onthepreciouscross. ForitisalsotruethatthelawthroughMosesandthewordoftheholyprophets showedinadvancethemysteryofChrist:thefirstintypesandshadowsonly, justlikesketchingitinapicture;theothersinthevariouswaystheyspokein advancehowhewouldbeseenonoccasionsintheformwhichisours,andthat forthesakeofthesalvationandlifeofallhewouldnotrefusetosufferdeathona lxvi tree.ThereforethepresenceofMosesandElijahandtheirspeakingtoeachother wassomesortofdispensationwhichshowedverywellhowourLordJesustheChrist wasflankedbythelawandtheprophets,ashewasmasterofboththelawandtheprophets: hewasalsorevealedinadvancebythem,andthroughthem,inharmonywitheachother, theyheraldedinadvance.Buttheblesseddisciplessleepforashorttime whiletheLordspenttimeinprayer,forhepurposefullyfulfilledwhatwas human.Then,havingwoken,theybecameobserversofamostnobleandmarvellous change.ThedivinePeter,perhapsthinkingthatsomehowthemomentofthe kingdomofGodhadarrived,approvesstayingonthemountainandsaysthat threetentsshouldbemade:oneforChristandtheothersforMosesandElijah. But,itsays,“Hedidnot knowwhathewassaying.”Luke 9:33For itwasnotthemomentof theconsummationofthe age,norindeedofthetime forthesaintstotake theirshareofthehope whichhadbeen promisedtothem. For,asPaulsays,“Hewilltransformthebodyofourhumiliationsothatitmaybe conformedtothebodyofhisglory,”Philippians 3:21meaningChrist.Asthedispensationwasstillin itsbeginningandnotyetCodex Zacynthius erroneously reads ουτω, ‘thus’ for ουπω , ‘not yet’completed,howwasitreasonableforChristtoleaveoff hislovefortheworld,anddepartfromhiswishtosufferonitsbehalf? Forhehassavedeverythingundertheheaven,enduringdeathitselfintheflesh andabolishingitthroughhisresurrectionfromthedead.ThereforePeterdidnot knowwhathesaid.❧

John Chrysostom, Homily 56 on MatthewFromSaintJohntheBishopofConstantinopleSermon 56 on MatthewSource indicator on same line as chapter heading. 59￣Whydoeshechoosethesedisciples?Becausetheyweresuperiortoalltheothers: Petershowedhissuperioritybythegreatlovehehadforhim,Johnbybeing greatlyloved,andJamesfromtheanswerwhichhegavewhenhesaid: “Wecandrinkthecup.”cf. Matthew 20:22Itwasnotonlyfromtheanswer,butalsofromhis deeds,boththeothersandfromthosewhichfulfilledwhathesaid:forhewasso vehementandseveretotheJewsthatevenHerodthoughtthathewouldgrantthe Jewsaverygreatgiftifheweretoremovehim.❧ Origen, Fragment 139 on LukeFromOrigen 59LetusseekhowLukesays,“Ithappenedaroundeightdaysafterthesesayings,”Luke 9:28but Marksaysitwasafteraroundsixdays.Mark 9:2Inasmuchasforthestatement“therepassed aroundeightdays”,Luke countsboththeday itselfandtheone onwhichithappened, whereasMarkonly countstheintervening ones:thereisnodiscordance regardingthestatement.ButI wouldsay,summarisingtheargument,thatnotwithoutcausedidtheSaviournotimmediately dowhathepromised,butaftersixdays.Thesixdaysareasymbolofthecreationoftheworld. Aftersixdays,afterthisworld,thenJesuswillmakeyouascendtheloftymountain, ifyouarePeter,ifyouareJamesorJohn.Forno-oneelseascendsbesidesthethreein ordertoseethetransfigurationofJesuswiththosewhowereseeninglory,MosesandElijah.❧ Severus of Antioch, Letter to Sergius the Chief PhysicianFromSeverusofAntioch,fromtheLetterto SergiustheChiefPhysicianwhoaskedwhytheLordonlytook PeterandJamesandJohnwithhim.❧ 59￣Itseemstomethathechosetheminsteadoftheothersbecausetheyratherhadakeener intelligence,andtheywentuptotheheightofdivinitywiththeonewhoforoursakewillingly lxiiiPage number corrected to lxvii humbledhimselfandmadehimselfpoorbytheincarnationandremainedinsucha state,andtheywerenotscaredbytheexcessivegloryandthedivinebrightness. ForPeter,whenheconfessedhimandsaid,“YouaretheChrist,theSonofthelivingGod,”Matthew 16:16 hearddistinctly,“BlessedareyouSimonsonofJonah!Forfleshandbloodhasnot revealedthistoyou,butmyFatherinheaven.”Matthew 16:17JohnandJames,astheevangelist Markrelated,werebrothersinthespiritratherthanthebody:theyarecalled“Boanerges, whichissonsofthunder”Mark 3:17bytheSaviourbecauseofthis.Theymatchthisappellation becausetheythunderwithagreatvoicethattheologywhichisbroughtdownfrom heavenandtheinspirationfromthereastruth,theproclamationthat“Inthebeginning ›wastheWord,andthe ›WordwaswithGod, ›andtheWordwas God.”John 1:1Andthey shookthehearing ofallnationswith thewonder.And theydestroyedevery lieandbaseopinion utterly,onemightsay Most of the beginning of this line is unreadable; the translation is based on Brooks’ translation from the Syriac.fromitsroots.ForitismanifestthatJameswasrichwiththesamegraceashisbrother, accordingtotheincontrovertiblewitnessoftheonewhohonouredthetwoofthemin commonwiththesingleappellation.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 60✣￣Onthemountain,theoldcovenantandthenewwerejoinedtogether.Theapostlesmade commoncausewiththeprophetsandtogethertheybeheldthegloryoftheking:“Thisis mySon”,aboutwhomMosesprophesied,asdidtheprophets;thisis“thechosen one”,chosennotfrommany,butwhenheevenbecamehuman;“listentohim.”Luke 9:35 LetMosesbesilentinfuture,lettheprophetsbesilent.Listentohim,theonewho wasprophesiedandhasarrived,thatitisnecessarytosuffer,thatitisnecessarytobe crucified,thatitisnecessarytobescornedandtosharedeathforhumans,thatitisnecessaryto riseoverhumans,thatitisnecessarytofulfiltheentiredispensation,thatitisnecessaryfor youyourselvestobetemptedandtosuffermuchsothatyoumaybeglorifiedwithhim.Foritis impossibletosharethisglorywhichyouhaveseenunlessyousufferwiththeonewhohasbeen glorified.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)FromSaintCyrilCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), see footnote on PS229 60￣Heisthereforetransfiguredinfrontofthem,andwesaythatthetransfiguration hastakenplace,not whenhisbodyhas castoffitshuman appearanceinsome way,butwhen somegloryinthe formoflightshinesarounditandthefleshchangesthecolourofitsleasthonourable characterasifintoamorenoblesight,inkeepingwith“itissownindishonour,itis raisedinglory,”1 Corinthians 15:43aswaswellandrightlyspokenbytheblessedPaul.Foratpresent thisisthecase:thefleshisnaked,notcolouredinanyglory,notirradiated withphysicalbrightness.Instead,ithasaplainandsimplelackofhonour fromitsnature,alongwithweaknesstoo.Butatthemomentoftheresurrection,there willbeadivineexchange.Itwillgleamaroundinfuturewithcoveringsofdivineglory. For“therighteouswillshineforthlikethesuninthekingdomoftheirFather,”Matthew 13:43as theSavioursays.❧ Severus of Antioch, Apology of PhilalethesFromSaintSeverusofAntioch,fromtheApologyofPhilalethes 60￣Inorderthatthetransfigurationonthemountain,whichwasrevealedtothedisciples, showedforthapatternoftheglorywhichistocome,itwasalsorevealedinbodilyform inordertofallontheirmortaleyesasasight.Iftheyhadnotbornetheexcess ofbrightnessandsomethingwhichwassopureandunendurableandAt least half a page is missing, which would have contained Luke 9:29b–32a. lxviii The top part of this page is missing.

verse number is uncertainTitus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke theyarecountedas slavesforthemaster, nor,ascreations,are theycomparedwiththe creator.❧ The top half of the page is missing. The text missing may be the extract found in Par. Suppl. Gr. 612, f. 237r beginning with: πεπρακται τι και ετερον, ending with the same text as visible in column 2.

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 51 on Luke Cyril, Sermon 51 on Luke (Syriac), PS229Headdressedthem, ›saying:“Ifyoubelieved Moses,youwouldalso believeme.For hewroteabout me.”John 5:46❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromthesameagainNot in Payne-Smith 62￣ButthevoiceofGodtheFatherisfineandastounding.Alreadypossessedby sheerterror,thedisciplesfalldownsothatagainwemightalsolearnthroughthis thatthisismostnecessaryforthoseonearth.ThespiritualmediationofourSaviour hasbeenshownforth,clearlybythemannerofhisincarnation.Forifhehadnot becomelikeus,whocouldhaveborneGodspeakingtousfromaboveandhis indescribableglorywhenheappears,whichperhapsnocreaturecanendure? For,asthedivinePaulsaid,“Hedwellsinunapproachablelight.”1 Timothy 6:16❧One or more pages is missing after fol. 68v lxix Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 52 on LukeCyril, Sermon 52 on Luke (Syriac), PS234“Aeneas,JesusChristhealsyou.”Acts 9:34Accordingly,itisclearineverywaythattheonewhosaid abouttheholyapostlesthat“Theywerenotabletocastitout”Luke 9:40impiouslyspokeagainst hispower.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 52 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 52 on Luke (Syriac), PS235 ✣￣Soitcouldhavebeenthecasethatthefatheroftheonepossessedbyademonwentawaydisap- pointedandwithoutreceivinghisdesire.Butsothatno-oneshouldthinkthatChristhimselfwas alsoincapableof accomplishingthe marvel,“He rebukedtheunclean spirit”Luke 9:42andstraight awaytheyoungman wasdeliveredfrom hissickness.“Andhe gavehimbackto hisfather.”Luke 9:42Forheno longerbelongedtohis fatherbuttothespirit whichpossessedhim. Whenhehadshaken offhisgreed,he belongedonceagain tohisownfather. Thegiftwasfrom Christ,whoalso grantedhisholy apostlesauthority tobeableto accomplishdivine signsandto rebukethe uncleanspirits.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 66Accordingly,aseveryonewondersatthesigns,hehimselfannouncesthepassion,foritis notthesignswhichsavebutthecrosswhichperformstheservice.Ifasheephadrescued themfromEgypt,howmuchmoredidthetrueLambredeemtheworldfromthedevil?❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 53 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 53 on Luke (Syriac), PS236 66IthinkthatitisalsonecessarytosaywhatsortofreasonitiswhichmadeChrist saythesethings.ThereforehetookPeterandJamesandJohnupintothemountain andhewastransfiguredbeforethem.Hisfaceshonelikethesun;heshowedthem theglorywithwhichhewillenlightentheworldattherightmoment. Then,havingdescendedfromthemountain,hesetapersonfreefroma wickedandviolentspirit.Butstillforoursakehehadtoundergo thesavingpassion,and enduretheplotting oftheJews.Oncethat hadhappened,therewould benothingunlikely inimaginingthatthe discipleswouldbein atumultandeven perhapsimagineand sayamongthemselves thattheonewhowas sogreatinglory,whoraisedthedeadindivineauthority,whorebukedseasandspirits, whocrushedSatanwithaword,howhashenowbeencapturedandfallenintothe snaresofmurderers?WerewedeceivedinthinkingthathewasGod?Therefore sothattheymightknowthatwhatwouldcompletelyandutterlycometopass,heorders thatthemysterymightbestoredupasintheirmind.Forhesays,“placeityourselvesintoyour hearts.”Luke 9:44 (!)The“yourselves”inthesewordsiswhenhedifferentiatesthemfromtheothers:he wantedthemtoknowwhatwasgoingtohappen,butnotyetforthemalsotospeaktoothers. Foritwasnotonlynecessarythatthecommonherdshouldbeignorantthathewouldsuffer,butit wasbetterforthemtobefullyassuredinthismatterthathealsocamebacktolifeinadivineway afterabolishingdeath,allthemorereadilytoavoidthedamagefromtheirbeingscandalised.❧ lxx

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 53 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 53 on Luke (Syriac), PS238–240Source indicator on same line as chapter heading. 67Next,onemightaskhowthediscipleswereunawareofthemysteryofChrist.Forwhilethey werefromtheflockofJews,theywerenotlazyandnotinexperiencedinthewritingsofMoses. Indeed,theyhadbeenpickedoutbyChristbecauseofthis.Howthenweretheyunawareofthe mysteryofChrist,eventhoughithadbeenwritteninadvanceinverymanyplacesthroughthe ›shadowofthelaw?But,astheblessedPaulwrites,“AhardeninghadcomeonIsraelinpart”Romans 11:25 ›and“Rightuptothisday,whenMosesisread,aveilliesontheirheartsanditisnot ›unveiled,becauseitisremovedinChrist.”2 Corinthians 3:14–15Accordingly,theyshouldgoto ›Christandsay“UnveilmyeyesandIwillunderstandyourwonders fromyourlaw.”Psalm 118:18 LXX❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 54 on LukeFromthesameCyril, Sermon 54 on Luke (Syriac), PS242 68LetthepersonwhothinksthatJesuswasmerelyhumanlearnagainthattheyhavewanderedand travelfarfromthetruth. Forletitbegrantedthat theWordbecamefleshwhile itwasGod,yetitkeeps asinalienabletheability tobethatwhichitwas, andithasremainedGod. Forwhileitisthenature ofGodwhoisaboveall tobeabletoscrutinise heartsandinternalorganscf. Psalm 7:10 LXX, andtoknowwhathas beenhidden,this isnotthecaseatallforanyonebesideshim.ButseeThe correction appears to be to an ungrammatical form; perhaps εἰδώς (“knowing”) was intended.,Christexaminesthethoughtsofthe holyapostlesandhefixestheeyeofdivinityonwhatishidden.Soindeedishe Godwhoisconspicuousthroughsuchgreatandmostdivinehonours.Yetletus investigatethis:didalltheblesseddiscipleshaveincommonthissortofsickness? Ithink,however,thatitisveryunbelievabletothinkthattheyalltookonboardoneandthesame sicknessimmediately.Rather,asIthink,whenoneofthemsufferedit,themostwiseevangelist, sothathemightnotbefoundweavingaslanderagainstoneofhisfellowdisciples, ›expressesitindefinitely,sayingthat“Anargumentaroseamongthemastowhich ›ofthemwasthegreatest.”Luke 9:46❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 54 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 54 on Luke (Syriac), PS243Soapassionforemptyglory rushedinononeoftheholyapostles.Forarguingastowhichofthemis thegreatestisaltogethercharacteristicofonewhoiscontentiousanddesiresThe manuscript reads επιθυμησαντα for επιθυμησαντος.tostandinfrontof theothers.Yettheonewhoknowshowtosave,whichisclearlyChrist,didnotsleep.Hesawinthe mindofthediscipletheargumentaboutthisverymatter,likesome“bitterness springingup,”Hebrews 12:15; cf. Deuteronomy 29:17accordingtowhatiswritten.Beforeitisliftedtotheheight,beforeitgrowsto maturity,hedigsuptheevilfromitsveryroot.Forpassionswhicharebeginningwithinus areeasilyconquered,butthosewhichhavematuredarehardtoresistandshamefulinnosmall measure.How,then,doesthephysicianofsoulscutoutthepassionwhichlongsforglory?“Hetook alittlechildandputitbyhisside.”Luke 9:47Hemadethematterareasonof benefitbothfor theholyapostles themselvesandalso forusafterthem. Forthesicknessof thissortingeneralfeedsonhumanswhoaresuperiorinsomewaycomparedto others.Soofwhatdidhemakethechildwhowasbroughtforwardatypeandimage?Ofalife withoutevilandwithoutambition.Forithasamindwhichiswithoutcorruption,aheartwhich isgenuine.Itissimpleinitsthoughts:itdoesnotdesireambition;itdoesnotknow themannerofsuperiorityinanyparticularway,butnordoesitfleefromseemingtobeoflesser value.Ithasmuchtranquillityinmindandheart,fromitssimplicityandlackofevil. AndindeedtheSaviourhimselfonceclaimedtotheholyapostles,orrathertoallthosewho ›lovehim:“TrulyIsaytoyouthatunlessyouturnandbecomelikethesechildren,youare ›unabletoenterintothekingdomofGod.”Matthew 18:3Heacceptsandlovesthosewhosenatureissuch, andheconsidersthemworthytobekeptnearhimastheyhavechosentothinkhisthoughts. ›Forhesaid,“LearnfrommethatIamgentleandhumbleinheart”Matthew 11:29;thenhesaysthat,“whoever ›welcomesthischildinmynamewelcomesme,whoeverwelcomesme lxxi welcomestheonewhosentme.”Luke 9:48Accordingly,therewardisoneandthesamefor thosewhohonourthesaints,whetheroneshouldhappentobesmallor,instead,on anexaltedlevelandglory.ForonereceivesChrist,andthroughhimandinhimthe Father.Howwasitnotcompletelyfoolishtoquarrelwitheachotherandtoseektooutdo ›theothers?Buthemakesthescopeofthissayingevengreaterstill,andsays,“Fortheleast ›amongallofyouwillbethegreatest.”Luke 9:48Hemeanstheonewhothinksmodestly,andreckons nothingloftyaboutthemselvesbecauseoftheirmodesty.Foritiswrittenthat“Allwho ›exaltthemselveswillbehumbled,andthosewhohumblethemselveswillbeexalted.”Luke 14:11❧ Severus of Antioch, Sermon 82FromSaintSeverusof Antioch,fromSermon82 The extract number appears to be missing.So,then,doeshewish ustobelikebleatingsheep, andtobesetwithout properconsiderationonthe accountsaboutthekingdom?No, indeed:accordingtoMatthew, thepoweroftheinstruction ismadeplainfromthewords whicharespokentohim: ‘Iwishyoutobe turnedandtoforget yourlifeinsinswhich isnowmadeold, andtoadoptachildlikeReading παιδικην with Mai rather than the παιδισκην of the manuscript. andyouthfulconditionthroughthenewworksofrighteousness,justasifitwere untrainedandfreefromevil.’This appears to be imagined speech rather than an unusual form of Matthew 18:3ff..Foritwasmalignityandenvyanddesire foremptyglorywhichwastheunderlyingpassionwhichhewishedtocure. Forthisreasonheledachildrightintothemiddle,younginage,not bittenbypridenorpuffedupbypraisesorglory.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 55 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 55 on Luke (Syriac), PS248 70￣Didthepangofenvystriketheholydisciples?Dotheybegrudgethosewhoare favoured?Tellme,doyouforbidinthenameofChristtheonewhocrushesevilspirits? Yethowshouldyounotratherhaveconsideredthatitwasnotthatpersonthemselveswhowasthe doerofthemarvel,butthegracewithinthemwhichperformedthemarvel,clearlyinthe powerofChrist.Howisit,then?DoyouforbidtheonewhoexcelsinChrist?‘Yes’,hesays, for“hedoesnotfollowwithus.”Luke 9:49WhatdoesitmatteriftheonecrownedbygracefromChristhas notbecomenumberedamongtheholyapostles?Verymanyarethediversitiesofthe ›giftsfromChrist.TheblessedPaulwillalsoteachthis,sayingthat“Tooneisgiven ›awordofwisdom;toanotherawordofknowledge;toanotherfaith;tosomeoneelse ›giftsofhealing.”1 Corinthians 12:8–9Whatthenisthemeaningof“Hedoesnotwalkwithus”?TheSaviour ›“gaveauthoritytotheholyapostlesoveruncleanspirits,thatthey ›mightcastthemout ›andhealallsickness ›andeveryaffliction ›amongthepeople.”Matthew 10:1And indeedtheyaccomplished thisandreturned rejoicingandsaying, “Lord,inyourname eventhedemonssubmittous.”Luke 10:17Accordinglytheythoughtthatitwas permittedtono-oneelsebutthemalonetobearthehonourwhichwasgranted.Forthisreason, thehonouredonesapproachCodex Zacynthius appears to read this verb as two words, προς ϊασιν (those honoured “for healing”), but this leaves the sentence without a verb.tolearnifothersarealsopermittedtodothis.Wehavesomething ofthisnaturealsointheearlierwritings,Imeanintheholyones.ForGodsaidto ›Mosessomewhere,“Chooseforyourself70menfromtheeldersofIsrael,and ›IwilltakefromthespiritwhichisonyouandIwillgiveit,”hesays,“tothem.”Numbers 11:16Andthe chosenpeoplegatheredatthatancienttabernacle,exceptfortwoofthemwhoremained intheassembly.Whenthespiritofprophecyfellonthem,notonlydidthosemen prophesywhohadcometogetherintheholytabernacle,butalsothosewhohadremained ›behindintheencampment.And,itsays,“Joshua,whostoodbeforeMoses,said‘Eldad ›andMedadThe Septuagintal form used here is Modadareprophesyingintheencampment.LordMoses,stopthem.’ lxxii ›And,”itsays,“MosessaidtoJoshua,‘Donotbeenviousforme.Forifonlysomeonewouldgrant ›allthepeopleoftheLordtobeprophets,whenevertheLordshouldgivehisSpirittothem.’”Numbers 11:27–29 ButitwasChristeventhenwho,intheHolySpirit,persuadedthehierophantMosestosay thesethings.And,indeed,hesaysinhisownpersontotheholyapostlesnottoprevent theonewhocrushesSataninhisname.For,hesays,“heisnot againstyou.Forwhoeverisnotagainstyouisforyou.”Luke 9:50Theyareforyou wholoveChrist,becausetheywishtofulfilthatwhichisforhisglory,having beencrownedbygracefromhim.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 56 on LukeFromthesameCyrilCyril, Sermon 56 on Luke (Syriac), PS254 70Thismeansthat,asthe momentwaspresentatwhich itwasfinallynecessaryfortheone whoenduredthesavingpassion onourbehalftogoupintoheaven andtositnexttoGodthe Father,hedecidedtogoup toJerusalem.Forthis,Ithink, makesclearthephrase“He sethisface.”Luke 9:51 Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 70“Hesethisface.”Luke 9:51This meansthathenolonger wenthitherandthither,nor circledaroundthevillages andtowns,buthewent alongtheroadtoJerusalem. Forinthecapitalcitywas wheretheLambshouldbe ledandwherethesheepwas sacrificed.Seehowwillingly hehandshimselfover,andhe isnotledawaybyforce.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeFromSaintTitus.❧Cyril, Fragments? Not in PS 71Itisnecessarytoknowthattheyspokethisnothavingyetgainedpossessionofthenew grace,butstillmaintainingtheirformercustom:theylookbacktoElijahwho twiceburntwithfirethefiftymenandtheirleaders2 Kings 1:10–12.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 56 on Luke71ItisnottruetosaythatFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 56 on Luke (Syriac), PS254theSaviourwasunawareofwhat wouldhappen,becausehekneweverything.Hewasfullyawarethatthosehesent wouldnotbereceivedbytheSamaritans.Thenhowisthisambiguous?Sowhydid heorderthemtogobeforehim?Itwashiscustomineverywaytobekeentobenefit theholyapostles,andhemadeitasecondarypurposeofthejourneytotest them.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 56 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 56 on Luke (Syriac), PS254 ￣Forheknewthatthosewho announcedinadvancethat hewouldstaywiththem wouldnotbereceivedby theSamaritans,butagain thereasonforthistoowas sothatitwouldbeofbenefit totheholydisciples.The goingawayhadbeenagreed. Whatwasthenatureofthe dispensationofthismatter? HewasgoinguptoJerusalem,asthemomentofhispassionwasalreadydrawingnigh;heintended toendurethemockeryoftheJews.Accordingly,itwassothattheyshouldnotbescandalisedwhen theysawhimsuffering,understandingthathewishedthemtootobepatientevenwhenpeople arescornful.HemadethescornwhichtheyreceivedfromtheSamaritanslikeatrainingfor thisoccasion.Theydidnotreceivethemessengers:itwasnecessaryforthediscipleswho followedinthefootstepsofthemasterrathertoendureitinaholyfashionandnottosay anythingagainstthemfromanger.Buttheywerenotsuchpeople;instead,theyweresomewhathot- headedandovercomebyzeal.Theywantedtobringdownfireonthemfromheaven,inrespectof thatwhichconcernedthem.ButChristrebukedthosewhosaidsuchthings,havingincomparable gentlenessandbenevolencetowardsus.Forthemasterofallthingsistruewhenhesays,“Formy ›plansarenotlikeyourplans,neitherlikemywaysareyourways, ›butastheheavenisdistantfromtheearth,soaremywaysdifferentfromyour lxxiii ›waysandyourthoughtsfrommythoughts.”Isaiah 55:8–9Accordingly,herebukedhis disciplesinaconstructiveway,cleverlyrestrainingtheirsharpangerand persuadingthemtobepatient.Healsobenefittedtheminafurtherway. Thereweregoingtobeinstructorsforallunderheaven,andjourneyround townsandcountrysideheraldingeverywherethegoodnewsandproclamation ofsalvation.Butitwas necessarythatwhilethey wishedtodothis,theywould alsoencounterunholymen whowouldneitheracceptthe divinemessage,norallow Jesustomakehisdwelling amongthem.Inorder,then, thattheymightlearnthat ministersofthedivine proclamationshouldrather befullofpatience andgentleness,not quicktoattack,irascible orleapingsavagely onthosewhocommitted wrongsagainstthem, theyweretrainedby thisrebuke.❧ Note Luke chapter heading on this line

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 57 on Luke72FromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 57 on Luke (Syriac), PS258 TodesirethegiftsfromabovefromGodistrulyworthacquiring,andit wouldbeacauseofallgood.Accordingly,themasterofallgivesasagenerous giver,notsimplytoallinanindiscriminateway,butespeciallytothosewhowould beworthytoreceivethem.If,then,someoneshouldwishtobeconsideredworthy ofsuchgifts,letthemdelivertheirsoulfromthestainsleadingtomeannessandcauses forblame:thustheywillbeacceptable.Butlettheonewhoisnotlikethisintheirinclination departalongwayoff.Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 57 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 57 on Luke (Syriac), PS259Hejustlymadehimtobesentaway.Forhe shouldhavetakenuphisowncross,meaningtodietotheworldorratherto renouncetheemptydistractionsofthispresentlife.Forthefriendshipoftheworldis theenmityofGod.Asthemanwasthissortofperson,Jesusexamineshimobliquely,not reproachinghimbutrather correctinghimsothatofhisown accordhemightbecomebetter. ›Forthisreasonhesaysthat ›“Foxeshaveholes ›andbirdsofthe ›airhavenests, ›buttheSonofManhasnowheretolayhishead.”Luke 9:58Ononehand,themore straightforwardmeaningofthesewordsislikethat.Buttheinnerandhidden revelationcomesthroughdeeperunderstanding.Forheseemstobecallingthe wicked,cunningandresistingpowers,whicharetheherdsofdemons, foxesandbirdsofheaven.Fortheyarecalledthisinverymanyplaces bythedivinely-inspiredscripture.TheblessedPsalmistsaidaboutsuchpeople: ›“Theywillbetheportionsoffoxes.”Psalm 62:11 LXXIntheSongofSongsitiswritten: ›“Catchforusthelittlefoxesthatwipeoutthevines.”Song of Songs 2:15AndChristhimself saysaboutHerodsomewhere,“Saytothatfox.”Luke 13:32Andhealsosaidsomewhereabout theseedswhichfellontheearth,that“Thebirdsoftheheavencameand atethemup.”Matthew 13:4Weclaimthathedidnotsaythisaboutperceptibleand visiblebirds,butratheraboutuncleanandwickedspirits. lxxiv Accordingly,whenfoxesandbirdshavedensandrestingplaceswithinus,howcan Christcome?Wherewillherest?Whatcommunionistherebetweenlightanddarkness?❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke73FromSaintTitus Forwhilehelodgesinthosewholovehim,heavoidswhatisimpure.Doyouthink, then,thatIworkwondersforareward,thatitisforpopularglory?Iknowyourheart: whereyouarelooking?Iunderstandyourthoughts:wheredoyousee?Foryourwishisnotthat youmightreceivepowerfromtheHolySpirit,butthatyoumightamasswealth.Whatdoyouseek? Followme.Foryouwillnothaveanyrest,youwillnotloseyourpride,youwillnotlivewithout dishonour.Onthecontrary,youarehated,youarepursued,youhaveadifferent aim.Irefutethechoicethroughyourwords.Ihavenotcometomakeadwelling-place formyselfontheearth,but Ihavecometomakethesouls ofhumansintohomesfor myself.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 58 on LukeFromanunattributedsource.❧Cyril, Sermon 58 on Luke (Syriac), PS263 74Thediscipledoesnotcome tohimofhisownaccord, norisherashinpromises whichaccompanysuchadeed: rather,hehasbeencalled byChristtoapostleship, asnotbeingunsuitable forthis.Forhehasbeen honouredbyadivinedecree, buthedidnotyetknow clearlyinwhatwayheshould fithimselfforsuchadeed. Forperhapshehadafather whowasweigheddownwith age,andhethoughtthathe wasbeingverypiousin beingeagertowatchoverhimwiththeappropriatecareandlove.Butwhenhewascalledto sacredandevangelicalservice,forthisiswhatthewords“Followme”spokenbyChristtohim showed,hewascarriedawaybyhumanreckoning,andbegantoseekadelayofthemoment itcameintoforcewhichwassufficientforthecareoftheoldageofhisparent.Wedonot,in truth,saythathisrequestwastoburyhisfatherwhohadalreadydiedandwaslaidout:forChrist There appear to be two lines of text in the bottom margin: the lower can be made out more clearly on the images, but neither is legible. There is nothing on fol. 73v (or the overtext folio 163r) which would supply offset ink here. wouldnothaveforbiddensomeonewhowishedtodothis.Buthesaid“bury”insteadof‘carefor hisoldageuntilhistomb.’

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 59 on Luke75FromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 59 on Luke (Syriac), PS269Theundertakingisworthyofenthusiasmand fullofallpraise.Butthefactofseeking“tosayfarewelltothoseathome”Luke 9:61 showsthatheissomehowdivided,andhedoesnotyetgotowardsthepointwherehismind hasreached.Forhisverywishtoconsultinadvancewithhisrelatives,and tohaveasadvisorsthosewhodidnotchoosetothinkthesameashimandwouldnot accepthispurposeinthismatter,wouldstraightawayrevealthathewassomehowstill weakandlimping.Accordingly,hehearsinamorecriticalordidacticwaytheresponse “no-onewhoputsa handtoaploughand looksbackisfittoenter thekingdomofGod.”Luke 9:62 Forjustasthelabourer,having begunthetillingwithaplough, whenhehesitatesbefore theremainsofthewhole taskwillnotseehisland bristlingwithearsofcorn norhisthreshingfloorfull ofsheavesbutinsteadwill beasourceoflaughterforthe onlookers,soitisifsomeone shouldchoosetofollowChrist, yethasnotbidgoodbyeto worldlythingsorsaidfarewell totheirrelativesaccordingto theflesh:thisisthewayhewill establishagoodcourageinallthatispraiseworthyandbesuitableforthekingdom ofGod.Apersonwhoisnotlikethisputstheirhandontheplough,becausetheyare eagertofollow,buttheylookbackwards,becausetheymakethejourneyhomewardsand theirconversationwiththeirfamilyanexcuseforputtingoffanddelaying.Butwewill notfindtheholyapostlestobesuchpeople.ForwhentheyhadheardJesussaying lxxv “Come,followmeandIwillmakeyoufishersofpeople”,itsaysthat theystraightway“havinglefttheboatandtheirfather,followed him.”Matthew 4:19, 22ItbefitsthosewhowishtofollowChristtobesuchpeople.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 60 on Luke76FromSaintTitusCyril, Sermon 60 on Luke (Syriac), PS274; the attribution in the codex is incorrect ThetypeofthiswaswritteninthewordsofMoses.ForwhenGodinstructed,he himselfalsochoseseventymenandGodbreathedtheSpiritintothosewhohad beenchosen.Inadifferentmannerwewillalsofindthetwelvedisciplesandthe seventythemselvesindicatedbytheshadowofthelaw.Foritiswrittenthus inExodusaboutthechildrenofIsrael:“Theycame,”itsays,“toElim”,whichis translatedasascent,orrather ›toanincrease.“Andtherewere ›there,”itsays,“twelvesprings ›ofwatersandseventytrunks ofdate-palms.”Exodus 15:27Foraswe ascendtoamoreperfect understandingandpass upwardstoaspiritual increase,wewillalso findthetwelve springs,meaningthe holyapostles,andthe seventytrunksof datepalms,whichwere showninadvance,clearly byChrist.Forasfrom holyspringswedraw knowledgeofallgoodness fromthedisciplesof ourSaviour.Butwealso wonderattheseventy,andweclaimthattheyarelikedatepalms.Fortheplanthasa strongheart,strongrootsandisfruitful,alwaysthrivingnearwater.Accordingly,“theLord appointedseventyothers.”Luke 10:1Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 60 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 60 on Luke (Syriac), PS27376Thecauseofthesending-outofthe seventyisthis:therewasgoingtobeagreatmultitudeofpeoplewhobelievedinhim, fornotonlywasIsraeldrawnintothenet,butalsotheherdsofthenations.Forthesaving proclamationwasgoingtotakeholdofthewhole worldunderheaven.TheGodofeverythinghasgivenfullassurance,sayingaboutit throughtheholyprophets:“Judgmentwillariselikecouch-grassonthebarepartofa field.”Hosea 10:4Forjustasthecouch-grassspringsupinthepartsofthefieldleftbare,ittakes holdofthemandspreads,alwayspressingforwardsacrossthewholeplace.According tothesaying,equaltothisisjudgment,meaningthegracewhichmakesrighteousthe worldunderheaven,thatisthesavinggospelmessage.Ithastakenholdofeverycity andcountryside.Accordingly,theywereshownbeforehandbyChristobeseventyin number,inadditiontothetwelve.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 60 on LukeFromSaintTitusCyril, Sermon 60 on Luke (Syriac), PS275; the attribution in the codex is incorrect 77Forjustasfieldswaving richlyfarandwidewithcrops seekmanytoharvestthem, sotheentireearth,or ratherthemultitudeofthose whowouldbelieveinChrist, beinggreatandbeyondnumber, hasneedofmorethanafew instructors.Andsotheywere sentouttwobytwoandwent throughoutthetownsand villages,withthecrywhichall butcamefromthevoiceofJohn, “PreparethewayoftheLord.”Matthew 3:3 Yetobservethis:hesaid “AsktheLordoftheharvest tosendoutlabourers intohisharvest,”Luke 10:2but hehasdonethishimself. Althoughwhoelsewouldbe theLordoftheharvest, meaningofthoseontheearth,excepttheonewhobynatureistrulyGod?Forhis“isthe wholeearthanditsfullness,”Psalm 23:1 LXXasitiswritten.ThenhowdidChristappointtheseworkers foramissionwhichbefitsonlytheGodwhoisoverall?He,indeed,isthemasteroftheharvest himself,andthroughhimandwithhim,GodtheFatherreignsoverall.Everythingishis own,andthereisnothingthattheFathermaychoosetohaveforhimselfwhichisnotalso theSon’s. lxxvi

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 61 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 61 on Luke (Syriac), PS278 78Howcouldasheepprevailagainstawolf,andagentlecreatureoverpowerthesavageness ofwildbeasts?Yes,hesays,ImyselfwillbepresentandIwillfightbesideyouandIwillrescue youfromallevil.Iwillchangethewolvesintosheep,forImakeandtransformeverything andthereisnothingwhichresistsmywishes.Itispossibletoseefromwhatwas actuallyaccomplishedthattheconclusionofsuchmatterscametothis. ForthedivinePaulwasablasphemer,fullofprideandapersecutor,and moresavagethananywolftothosewhobelievedinChrist.Buthewascalled byChristandbecamemoregentlethanasheep.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus.❧ 79Healsotellstheminadvanceaboutthepersecution,sothattheymightkeeptheagreementsin thetrial:“Donotcarryabag.”Luke 10:4Donotweighdownyourshoulderwithsilver,foritissufficient foryoutobeweigheddownin yourmindinunderstandingthe word.Donotkeepyourhopeof breadinyourbag,butinthe onewhosentyou,andyour foodisprovided.“Greet nooneontheroad,”Luke 10:4in casethisshouldbecome anobstructiontothe proclamationwhenfalling intoconversationinpublic isalsoanexcuseforslowness. Maynoevildoingfromthe deviltearyouaway.❧ Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 62 on LukeFromSaintCyrilThis text does not appear in the Syriac version of Sermon 62 on Luke, although Payne-Smith notes that in Mai’s edition, “the Catenist has interpolated an illustration” from Elisha (p. 286 note o). 79Heinstructedthemnottohaveanyconcernaboutthebody,nordidheallowthemtobe occupiedwiththingsontheoutsideofthebody,wherehesaidnottotakethoughtforsupplies, nortotakeanyofthosethingswhichdonotalreadysurroundthebody,suchassandals, buttoplaceeveryconcernonhim.Yethedidnotpermitthemtoacceptanydistraction oftheireffort,sothattheyshouldnotbedraggedawayeventorespondtothegreeting ofthosetheymet.ThiswasalsosaidlongagobyElishatotheonehesenttoruntothe workwithdirecthaste:“Anddonotreturnablessingtoonewhoblessesyou.”cf. 2 Kings 4:29Forturning awaytowardsothersisalossofeffortand,whenthemomentisfittingfortheproclamations, itisreasonablenottospendtimeonnecessarymattersnortoindulgetheunhelpful procrastinationoffriendship.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke80FromSaintTitus.❧￣Hehasthenameofpeace. Everythingwhichissoughtinpeacebecomesnothingevil.Imeanthetruepeaceof God,whichtakesawaysin,whichtheSaviourcameandpreachedtothosefaroff andthosenear.Hecalls“ahouse”Luke 10:5thosewhoinhabitthehouse,sothathemight addresseveryone,bothsmallandgreat.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke81FromthesameForyouwillnotgiveagreeting atrandom,butthoughyou willgivetheword,the matterwillcometorest whereitisworthy.Ifit doesnotreturnbacktoyou, itisnotsimplycastaway, butitismadetofallbymy judgment.Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeAndalittlelateron ￣Ifanyoneisnotworthy, youarenotdeceived. Thegraceofthewordshas notperished,butitreturns toyou.Sinceyouare notjudges,eatand drinkwiththatperson, butleaveformethe judgmentofthosewho havereceivedyou, unlessitbecomes completelyclearto thedisciplethatthereis notasonofpeacethere. Then,perhaps,heshouldbeturnedaway.But,hesays,sofarasyoudonotknow,eatanddrinkwhatthere iswiththem,forIwillbethejudge.❧ lxxvii Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 82￣Thepracticeofpeopleroamingaroundandaskingforarewardisbothanactofinconstancyanda proofofthedevil,butyoushouldbecomefixedandunchanginginyourmind.❧

Origen, Fragment 159 on Luke83FromOrigen￣Accordingly,justasyouhealbodies,soalsosavesoulsbyteaching. Ithinkthatthedifferencebetween “house”and“city”Luke 10:8–9isalsoexpressed ›inthePsalms,whereitsays“If ›theLordshallnotbuild ›thehouse,thelabourers ›themselveshavetoiledin ›vain.IftheLordshallnot ›guardthecity,thewatchmanhas ›keptawakeinvain.”Psalm 126:1 LXX Observetherethatwhat isstillbeingbuiltiscalled ahouse;whatisalready worthguardingandwatching isacity.❧

Origen, Fragments 160–161a on LukeFromthesame 84Formaythedust ofyoursinsrightlycomeback toyou.Observethatthe citieswhichdonot receivetheapostles andthesoundteaching havestreetswhich arecomparabletothe ›saying:“Wideisthegate ›andbroadtheroad thatleadstodestruction, andtherearemanywho passthroughit.”Matthew 7:13❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 85￣“Itisuponyou,”Luke 10:11likethepresenceofamagistrateagainstrobbersorevildoers.Forthe refutationwillnotbesuccessfulforyou.Theyarenotsentoutasjudges,buttheyaresent outasdisciples,asministersoftheonewhopronouncessentence.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke86Fromthesame ￣Sincetheapostles werenotsenttoSodom, accordingly,iftheydonot acceptyou,theapostles, theywillbeworsethanthose people.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromthesame ￣87Theformerplaceswere inJudaea,whileTyre andSidonareGreekcf. Luke 10:13. Accordingly,theLord indicatesthatifthemiracles hadtakenplaceamongthe Gentiles,theywouldhave believedmorereadilythan you.Hethuscriticisesthe Jewishcitiesandcompares themunfavourablywiththe Greekcities.Andthisis thecase:theGentilesreadily believed,buttheJewsalways remainedunbelievers,even thoughtheyhadpaidgreat attentiontotheword.❧ lxxviii

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 88￣Donotbegrievedwhentheydisobeyyou,norsay‘Whatshallwedowhenweareoutraged?’ Noneofusisdistinct:“theonewhohearsyou,hearsme.”Luke 10:16Ifsomeonebelieves, youarenotputtoshame,noriftheyspeakinoppositionareyouthosewho hinder.Allowmetouseyourtongue:Iprovidethegrace.Theonewhorejectsyou rejectsme,foryouroutragerunsbacktome.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 63 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 63 on Luke (Syriac), PS287 88￣Whatgreathonourandincomparabledignities!Whatdivineloveofhonour! Whiletheyarehumans,hehasclothedthemwithglorywhichbefitsGod.Heentrusts tothemhisownwords,sothatthosewhodisobeythematallinanymatter becomeundercondemnation.Forwhentheyarerejected,hemaintainsthathehimself suffersthis,andthroughhimtheaccusationsofimpietyalsomountuptothe Fatherhimself.Andinanother wayyouwilladdtotheforce ofwhatisspokenbyChrist. Forhesays,“theone whohearsyou,hearsme.”Luke 10:16 Hegrantsthosewholove instructiontobeconfident thatwhatevershouldbesaid abouthimbytheholy apostles,oratleastthe evangelists,istobecompletely approved.Fortheonewhohears ›them,hearsChrist.And,indeed, ›theblessedPaulsays,“Ifyou ›seekaproofofChrist ›speakingwithinme”2 Corinthians 13:3.Yes, ›surely,Christhimselfsayssomewheretotheholydisciples,“Youarenotthosewhoare ›speaking,buttheSpiritofyourFatherwhichspeaksinyou.”Matthew 10:20ForChristspeaksinthem throughtheconsubstantialSpirit.Indeed,inescapablejusticehangsovertheunholy heretics,whorejectthewordsoftheholyapostlesandevangelists.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 64 on Luke89FromthesameCyril, Sermon 64 on Luke (Syriac), PS291ItisstatedthathesentthemouthavingmadethembrightbythegraceoftheHoly Spirit,sothattheymightnotbedisbelievedbysome,oratleastnotthoughttobeself-appointed toapostleship.Forwhenthedivinesignfollowedtheword,nomannerofvexatiousness wouldhaveprevailedagainstthem.Accordingly,thegraceoftheSpiritborewitness tothosewhohadbeensent,thattheywerenotself-calledorself-appointedtothe dutyofspeakingaboutChrist.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 64 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 64 on Luke (Syriac), PS292“Lord,eventhedemonsaresubject tousinyourname.”Luke 10:17Fortheyconfesstheauthorityoftheonewhohonouredthem, yettheyseemtorejoicenotsomuchbecausetheyhadbecomeministersoftheproclamations abouthimandhadbeenconsideredworthyofapostolicgifts,butbecausetheyhadbecome workersofsigns.AndwhatdidChristsaytothis?“IwatchedSatanfallfromheaven likeaflashoflightning”Luke 10:18andsoon.

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on Luke90FromSaintTitusIftheirrulerhadfallen, whatwouldtheslavesexpecttobeabletoaccomplish?However,hesaysthathesawit himself.Forwhoelsewould beabletoseeitbuttheunseen judge,whoknewtheexperiences ofbodilessbeings?Whenit happened,hedoesnotsay,for hedoesnotindicatethemoment. Yethedoesprovethesuffering: “likeaflashoflightning.”Luke 10:18Hewas brightbynature,buthehad becomedarkenedbyhischoice. ForwhatGodmade,thiswas good,butthedevilchanged itforhimself,andthiswas evil.Accordingly,donotbe amazedorthinkgreatthoughts: itisIwhogavetheauthority.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 64 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 64 on Luke (Syriac), PS29390‘Yes,’hesays,‘Imyselfwasnot unawareofthis’.ForyouhaveconqueredSatanasifyouhadbeencoveredwitharmour bymycommands.“Iwatchedhimfalloutofheavenlikeaflashoflightning”Luke 10:18: thismeansthathewasbroughtdownfromtheheightstoearth,fromgloryto dishonour,fromgreatstrengthtoutterweakness.Andthewordistrue,forbefore thearrivalofourSaviour,heheldpoweroverwhatisunderheaven.Hewasworshippedby all,withtemplesandaltarsandsacrificeseverywhere.Butsincetheonly-begottenWord ofGodcamedownfromheaven,hefelllikeaflashoflightning.FortheonewhohadeveryoneAt least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 10:19–20. lxxix

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 65 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 65 on Luke (Syriac), PS296 93Letusexamineaboveeverythingelsewhatismeantby“HerejoicedintheHolySpirit.”Luke 10:21For whiletheHolySpiritproceedsfromGodtheFatherasfromaspring,itisnotalientotheSon. ForalltheindividualityoftheFatherbelongstotheWordwhichwasbegottenfromhimbynature andintruth.Accordingly,heobservedthroughtheoperationoftheSpiritwhichhehadgivento thosewhowereworthy,whomhealsoorderedtoministerthedivineproclamation,thatmanyhad beendrawnintothenet.Hesawthatsignsworthyofwonderhadbeenaccomplishedthroughthem, andfinallythatwhatwasunderheavenwasinthebeginningsofsalvationthroughhim,Imean salvationthroughfaith.Forthesakeofthisreason,“herejoicedintheHolySpirit”,meaningatthe effectivenessandpowerwhichcamethroughtheHolySpirit,knowingwellthatthosesentbyhim hadbenefittedmany people.Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 65 on LukeAndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 65 on Luke (Syriac), PS297 ›￣“Iconfessyou,Father, Lordofheavenandearth.”Luke 10:21The translation ‘confess’ has been adopted here in the light of the following exegesis, even though the same word is translated as ‘I thank you’ in the NRSV. Hesays“Iconfess”in ahumanmanner,instead of‘Iacknowledgeagift’, oratleast‘Iglorifyyou’,for itisthecustomintheinspired ›scripturetotakeitthisway. ›Indeed,itiswrittenthat ›“Theyshallconfessyourgreat ›name,Lord,becauseitis ›fearsomeandholy.”Psalm 98:3 LXX ›Andagain,“Iwillconfess ›you,Lord,inallmyheart:Iwilltellofallyourwonders.”Psalm 9:2 LXX‘Butsee’,saythosewhoaredistorted intheirunderstanding,‘theSonacknowledgeshisthankstotheFather.How,then,ishenot lowerthanhim?’Tothis,oneofthosewhoiswell-versedintheopinionswhichfortifythetruth mightsay:‘Andwhatisit,nobleones,whichpreventstheconsubstantialSonfromapproving andpraisinghisownFather,whosavedwhatisunderheaventhroughhim?Butifyou thinkthroughhisconfessionthatheisinalowerstatethantheFather,lookalsoatwhat follows,forhecallstheFather“Lordofheavenandearth”.ButtheSonoftheGodwhorules overallthingsisassuredlymasterwithhimofallthingsandisaboveeverything.’ Heisnotlesserordifferentinsubstance,butasGodfromGodheiscrownedwithequal honoursandhasequalitywithhimovereverythingwhatsoeverbyvirtueofhissubstance.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 65 on Luke94AndalittlelateronCyril, Sermon 65 on Luke (Syriac), PS298“Youhaverevealedthemtouschildren”cf. Luke 10:21:GodtheFatherhasrevealed tousthemysterywhichwashiddenandkeptsilentwithhimbeforethecreationoftheworld: itisclearthatthisconcernstheincarnationoftheonly-begotten,which,whileitwasforeknown beforethecreationoftheworld,hasbeenmadecleartothoseontheearthinthefinalmoments oftheage.❧Origen, Fragment 164 on LukeFromOrigenThereisnogreatdistancebetween“Allthingshavebeenhanded overtomebymyFather”Luke 10:22and“Allauthorityhasbeengiventomeasinheavensoonearth”Matthew 28:18.It wasforthisreasonthathe gavehimallauthority,that “Hemightmakepeace throughhiscross,whether whatisonearth,orwhatis inheaven.”Colossians 1:20Sowhilehehas notyetreconciledeverything, asisclearfromthefactthat thereisstilltheexistence ofwarfromevil,therewill beperfectpeacecompletely. TheFathermostjustlyhanded overeverythingtohim,since theSonhimselfwashandedover onbehalfofall,“Whoisthe ›Saviourofallpeople,especially ›ofthosewhobelieve”1 Timothy 4:10and ›“Heistheatoningsacrifice ›foroursins,andnotfor ›oursonlybutalsofor ›thesinsofthewhole world.”1 John 2:2Hewashandedover insofarashebecamehuman,sothat“AtthenameofJesus,everykneeshallbendinheaven andonearthandundertheearth,andeverytongueshallconfessthatJesusChristis Lord,tothegloryofGodtheFather.”Philippians 2:10–11Amen. lxxx Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 66 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 66 on Luke (Syriac), PS302 94￣OurLordJesusChristrevealstousagainhisownglory,andthedignityofhis divinesuperiority,andtheskilfullnessofhisdispositionwithflesh.Heclearlyestablishes howgreatabenefithashappenedinconsequenceforthoseontheearth:“Allthings,” hesays,“havebeenhandedovertomebymyFather.”Luke 10:22ForwhilehewasandisLordofboth heavenandearth,andisenthronedwiththeFatherandco-rulerwithhimofallthings,when hesenthimselfdowntooursituationhewascalledhuman.Again,hespeaksinawaywhich isnotimproperforthedispensationwithfleshandhedoesnotrefuseexpressionswhich suittheextentofhisself-emptying,sothathemightbebelievedin,havingbecomelike usandhavingputonourpoverty.Accordingly,theonewhowasLordofbothheavenand earthand,inshort,ofallthings,saysthateverythinghasbeenhandedovertohimbythe Father:forhehadruledover whatisunderheaven.But aftersayingthis,herises immediatelytohisownglory andsuperiority,andhe demonstratesthatinnoway isheinferiortohisownFather. Forwhatdidhesayinaddition tothosewords?›“No-oneknows ›whotheSonisexcept theFather,orwhotheFatheris ›excepttheSonandanyonetowhomtheSonchoosestorevealhim.”Luke 10:22The next sentence is not found in the Syriac version of this sermon.Accordingly,letthosewho takethefirstwordsassubordinationoftheSonlearnthroughthesewordstheindistinguishability oftheSonwithregardtohisownFatherineverysinglethingwhatsoever.Forhowwhen, accordingtowhathesays,no-oneknowstheSonexcepttheFatheralone,haveyouyourselves daredbothtothinkandtosaythatheisinferiortohim,asifyouknewhimaccurately?And howistheonewhoisknownonlybyhisownFathernotbeyondallthings,evenspeech,just asdoubtlesstheFatherhimselfalsois,whoisknownonlybyhisownoffspring?Forthe holyandconsubstantialTrinityaloneknowsitself,whichisalsobeyondallunderstanding andspeech.ButtheSonrevealsthistousthroughtheSpirit,astheApostlealsosays, “ForGodhasrevealedthistousthroughhisSpirit.”1 Corinthians 2:10❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus 95￣Revelationisthetransferofknowledgeuptothemeasureofthenatureandpowerof eachperson.Wherenatureissimilar,thereisknowledgewithoutteaching,butafter thatcomeslearningfromrevelation.Accordingly,observehowwhilehereitcomesfrom grace,thereitcomesfromnature.❧Origen, Fragment 162 on Luke95FromOrigenHewishes,asWord,torevealnot irrationallyand,asWisdom,wiselyand,asRighteousness,righteously.Heknows, accordingtohisdignity,themomentsforrevealingandthelimitsoftherevelation. Herevealsasheremoves“theveilwhichliesontheheart”cf. 2 Corinthians 3:15and“thedarkness whichhesetasitsconcealment.”Psalm 17:12 LXXForthusonewillbeablelikeMoses“toenter intothedimnesswhereGodwas.”Exodus 20:21Sincetheheterodoxthinktoestablishfromthis pointtheirimpiousdogmathattheFatherofJesusChristwasunknowntotheholyones intheOldTestament, thephrase“theSon choosestoreveal”Luke 10:22isto bereadtothem:itdoesnot onlyrefertotimeinthe futurefromthepointwhen ourSaviourspokethese things,butalsotothetime whichhadpassed.Fortheverb “toreveal”isaoristtense, referringtosomeoneof ›thepast.Thescriptureshouldalsobeusedagainstthemwhichsays:“Yourancestor ›Abrahamrejoicedthathewouldseemyday;hesawitandwasglad”butthose ›whohearsaythis:“YouarenotyetfiftyyearsoldandhaveyouseenAbraham?” ›TheSavioursaystothem,“VerytrulyItellyou,beforeAbrahamwas,Iam.”John 8:56–8Therefore, ›theonewhosaidthesethingshandedhimselfovertoAbrahamthensothatAbraham atthattimeshouldseehisday.❧ lxxxi

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 67 on LukeFromSaintCyril.❧Cyril, Sermon 67 on Luke (Syriac), PS306 96Moresecretmattersoughttobesharedwiththeveryclosestoffriendsand notwiththosewhosimplyhappentobethere.Buthisfriendsareallwhohave beendeemedworthybyhimofdiscipleshipandhavetheeyeoftheirheartenlightened andtheirearreadyforobedience.Indeed,heoncesaidtotheholyapostles, “Idonotcallyouslavesanylonger;youaremyfriends.Theslavedoesnotknow ›whatthemasterisdoing;butIhavecalledyoufriends,becauseIhaveannouncedtoyou ›everythingthatIhaveheardfrommyFather.”John 15:14–15Healsosaystothemwhatwaswrittenbefore, “havingturnedtowardsthem”Luke 10:23 mostpurposefully,meaning thathehasmadethisan asidefromthosewhowish neithertoseenortohear, butaredisobedientand havetheirmindblinded withinthem.Hegave himselfcompletelytothose wholovehim,andlooking atthemsaid,“Blessed aretheeyeswhichsee,”Luke 10:23 oratleast‘willsee’what theythemselveswilllookon firstbeforetheothers. So,ononehand,theaccount ofthesethingsismadeas fromthecustomwhichisamong allandshared.The logical conclusion of this extract may be seen in the Syriac version of Sermon 67, in which ‘seeing’ is interpreted as ‘enjoying’.❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 67 on LukeAndafterotherwordsCyril, Sermon 67 on Luke (Syriac), PS309Oureyeshavebecomeblessed.Forwehave lookedontheWordwithfleshwhichperformsdivinesigns;wehaveheardhis ineffableinstruction;hehastaughtusaboutGodtheFather;hehasshownhimto usinhisownnature.HehasmadevisiblethetruthofthetypesgiventhroughMoses. Manyoftheseprophetsdesiredtoseethesethings,andverymanykingsalsocf. Luke 10:24; ›wefindthemsayingononeoccasion:“Showus,Lord,yourmercyandgrantus,Lord, ›yoursalvation”Psalm 84:8 LXX,fortheynametheSonasmercyandsalvation.Again,atanothertime: OrigenOrigen , Homily 34 on Luke; Lienhard 137 and 191This is the label for the extract below“Rememberus,Lord,inthefavourofyourpeople”,andsoonPsalm 104:5 LXX.❧

Origen, Homily 34 on Luke97InthesewordsheclearlydescribesthatthelifewhichisheraldedbyGod,thecreator oftheworld,andtheancientscripturesfromhim,iseternal.ThisiswhatourSaviourand Lordalsoannounces:whenthelawyerinquires“WhatmustIdotoinheriteternallife? ”Luke 10:25theSaviourrefershimtothelawsothathemightgatherfromtherethecommandments whichleadtheonewhodoesthemtoeternallife.Infact,hebearswitnesstothe sayingtakenfromthelaw“YoushalllovetheLordyourGod”andsoonDeuteronomy 6:5 etc.,saying tohim,“Youhavegiventherightanswer;dothis,andyouwilllive,”Luke 10:28clearlytheeternal lifeaboutwhichheaskedthequestionandtheSaviouristeaching.Origen, Fragment 166 on LukeThesethingsare spokenagainstthedisciplesofValentinusandBasilidesandthoseofMarcion,for theythemselvesalsohavethephrasesintheirowngospel.Weshallsaytothem: ‘Totheonewhostated“Youshall lovetheLordyourGod”andsoon asacommandmentfromthelaw,Jesus borewitnessthatitwasnotspoken aboutanyoneotherthanthecreator, ›andhesaidinresponsetothese verywords,“Youhavegiventhe ›rightanswer”.Whatelsedoeshe ›wantustodoinorder ›toliveeternallifethan ›tolovetheGodwhois ›inthelawandtheprophets, ›“withallyourheartandwithallyoursoulandwithallyourstrengthandwithall ›yourmind.”Luke 10:27AndtheSaviourdeclaredaboutthesetwocommandments,saying ›that“onthemhangthelawandtheprophets.”Matthew 22:40❧Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 68 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 68 on Luke (Syriac), PS312 97Thelawyerwishing,oratleastexpecting,tobeabletotrapChristintosayingsomething againstMoses,oratleasttosaythattheteachingabouthimselfwasbetterthanthe commandmentspokenthroughMoses,goesuptotempthimandsay,“WhatmustIdo toinheriteternallife?”Luke 10:26Butanyoneofthosewhoknowswellthemysteryofthe lxxxii dispensationwithfleshwouldhavesaid:‘Ifyouwereexperiencedinthelawandthepower ofthetheoryhiddenwithinit,youwouldnothavebeenunawarethattheonewhomyou aretryingtotemptknowswhatissecret,andisabletolookintotheheartsofthosewho approachhim.Youcallhim“teacher,”Luke 10:25butarenotpreparedtolearn.Youpretendto honourhim,expectingtocatchhim.’Observeagain,Iaskyou,themaliceinthewords ofthelawyer.Foritwouldhavebeenpossibletosay,‘WhatmustIdotobesaved,orat leasttopleaseGodandreceivetherewardfromhim?’.Butheletthatgo,andusedrather thewordsoftheSaviour,topourridiculeonhishead.Forsinceitwasthecustom ofChrist,theSaviourofeveryone,constantlytoconverseabouteternallifewiththose whoapproachedhim,theegotisticallawyer,inordertoridiculehim,asIhavesaid, usedhiswords.‘Butifyouhadbeentrulykeentolearn,youwouldhaveheardfromhim thingsthatleadtoeternal life:sinceyouare testinghiminawickedway, youwillhearnothingother thansimplywhatwas prophesiedbyMosesto ›thoseofold.’Forhe says,“Whatiswrittenin thelaw?Whatdoyoureadthere?”Luke 10:26 Whenthelawyerhasreplied whatissetdowninthelaw, topunishhiswickedness andtoreprovehisill-directedplan,Christ,whoknowseverything,saystohim: “Youhavegiventherightanswer;dothisandyouwilllive.”Luke 10:28Thelawyerhasmissed hisprey;thenetofhistrickeryistorn.Thereforeletuscryagainsthimwhatwasspoken ›bythevoiceofJeremiah:“Youarefoundandcaptured,becauseyouopposedtheLord.”Jeremiah 27:24 Deprivedofhisprey,hehasbeendisembowelledinconcernforhisreputation,fromtrickery topride,asifevilshavemadeuseofhimforeachother.Forheaskednotwanting ›tolearnbut,astheevangelistsays,“wantingtojustifyhimself.”Luke 10:29Observehowfrom self-loveaswellasfrompridehecalledoutshamelessly,“Andwhoismyneighbour?”Luke 10:29Is thereno-one,lawyer,likeyou?Doyoucarryyourselfoffbeyondeveryone?Bringdownyour haughtybrow.RememberwhatthewriterofProverbssays:“Thosewhoknowthemselvesarewise.”Proverbs 13:10❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke (Mai)98FromanunattributedsourceCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai)?; The passage is not found at this point in the Syriac Sermons on Luke, but it may be one of the additions noted by Payne-Smith in Mai’s edition on p. 316 ￣HavingbeenpraisedbytheSaviourforgivingagoodanswer,thelawyerbreaks outwithaboast,claimingthatno-onewashisneighbour,asifno-onewerearival tohiminrighteousness.HeclearlythoughtsuchthoughtsasthatPharisee, ›whosaid,“IthankyouthatIamnotlikeotherpeople”andsoon.Luke 18:11Hedid notknowthatbythishedestroysrighteousness,bynotperformingwhathedoes outoflove.Sohetoo iscaughtaslacking love:assuredly,love forGodand,obviously, notjustthatbutalso loveforhisneighbour, whenhedoesnotreckonthat anyoneishisneighbour.Itis clearthat“thosewhodonot ›lovetheirbrotherwhomtheyhave ›seencannotloveGod,whom theyhavenotseen.”1 John 4:20TheSaviour showshimwhoishisneighbour, notdefiningitbybirth,nor determiningitbymerit,but linkingittonaturebytelling thestoryoftheonewhosuffered terriblethingsfromrobbers.❧ Isidore of Pelusium, Letter 1759FromIsidoreofPelusium,Letter1759 98What,yousaid,doesthestory inthegospelsaboutthelawyer mean?He,wantingtojustify himself,said,“Andwhois myneighbour?”Luke 10:29Hethought thattherewasonlyrighteousness fortherighteous,exaltationfor theexalted,Imeanaccordingto merit.Forhedidnotdecideon hisneighbourbytheirsubstancebeingone,butbytheirreputation.AndbecausehewantedtojustifyhimselfAt least one page is missing, which would have contained more commentary on Luke 10:29. lxxxiii The chapter title appears to be on this line There are a few characters visible on this line and the line below which could be a scholium title. Severus of Antioch, Fragments on LukeSeverusAccordingly,thelawwhichwasgiventhroughMosesoversawhumanityprostrate andbeingatthepointofdeath.ForthepriestandtheLeviteindicatethis,asthe lawintroducesleviticalholiness.Butwhileitoversaw,itwasexhaustedanditwas notsufficientforcompletehealing.Itdidnotmakewhatwasprostratetostandand, outofnecessity,asitwasexhausteditretreatedwithouttakingastep.Forsacrificesand offeringsweremadethrough it,asPaulsays,but“They werenotableinconscience tomaketheworshippers perfect,”Hebrews 9:9sinceitwas completelyimpossibletoo forthebloodofbullsand goatstotakeawaysins. Forthesakeofthis,theLord didnotsaywhenthepriest andLevitesawthemanprostrate therehalf-deadthatthey‘passed by’,butthatthey“passedbyon theotherside.”Luke 10:31–32Theonewho anointedhim,Jesussays,didnot gopasthimwithoutseeing, buthestoppedandhelooked andtookthoughttohealhim. Hetouchedhim,anditwas insufficienttohealhim.The onewhowasovercomebythe predominanceoftheblowswhich hadbeensuffered,ranoffback againtotheotherside.Forthisis what“hepassedbyontheother side”indicates.❧

Severus of Antioch, Sermon 89FromSaintSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon89 100￣ChristdeliberatelycalledhimselftheSamaritanforthepresentpurpose.Forsincehewas havingaconversationwiththelawyer,whobraggedgreatlywithregardtothelaw,hewaskeen toputhiminhisplacebywhatwassaid.Asitwasneitherthepriest,northeLevite,nor,toput itsimply,thosewhothoughtthattheybehavedaccordingtothelawsofMoses,buthehimself whocametofulfiltheintentionofthelaw,herevealedbyhisveryworkswhowastheneighbour, andwhatitmeanttolovethispersonasoneself.TheJewssaid,scorninghim,“Youarea Samaritanandyouhaveademon”John 8:48andtheyaccusedhimveryfrequentlyofbreakingthe law.❧Severus of Antioch, Sermon 89Andalittlelateron.￣Accordingly,theSamaritanonhisjourney,whoisChrist,sawthemanlying there.Forhewastrulyona journeyandnotpassingby. Hemakesinspectingus theveryreasonforhis journey:forushecame downtotheearthandwith ushedwelt.Forhewasnot onlyseen,buthealso spenttimewithhumans: intruthandwithout changeandillusion, hebecamehuman. Forthisisthecharacter ofgenuineandtender physicians,thatthey spendtimewiththose whoaresickanddonotturnawayuntiltheyregainhealth.Fromthishealsopours wineoverthewounds,whichalsotreatswiththewordofteaching.Forhealso “gaveusthewineofamazementtodrink,”Psalm 59:5 LXXasthepropheticPsalmistsays, sincewewerenotabletobearitinitspurity.Fortheharshnessandincurability ofthewoundsdidnotwithstandtheoverpoweringtreatment.Hemixed thiswithoil:forthisreasonhesatdowntoeatwithsinnersandtax-collectors.❧ lxxxiv

Despite the attribution to Severus (Sermon 89), this scholium is found in Cramer, where it is ascribed to Cyril, and also in Theophylact's catena.FromSaintSeverus,ArchbishopofAntioch,fromSermon89This scholium is found in Cramer, where it is attributed to Cyril; Payne-Smith (1859, p. 316) notes that it is also in Theophylact. ›1￣Forsince,accordingtowhatiswritten,“Humans,beinginhonour,haveno ›understanding,buttheyarecomparedtofoolishflocksandmadelikethem,”Psalm 48:13 LXX theyareafflictedbyeveryanimal-likeandunbridleddesire.Christ,whobecame thefirst-fruitsofourrace,didnotknowsin.Heshowedfirstinhimselfhowwe ›proceedabovetheseanimalsufferings.For“Hetookourinfirmitiesand ›boreourdiseases.”Matthew 8:17Forthisreasonitsaidhowtheonewhoencounteredhealing ›mountedonhisowndonkeyLuke 10:34; cf. Zechariah 9:9?,forhecarriedusonhimselfbecausewearelimbsof ›hisbody.But,indeed,healsobroughtustoaninn.ItcallstheChurchaninn,as ithasbecomeaplacewhichreceivesandwelcomeseveryone.Forwenolongerhear, accordingtothenarrownessoftheshadowofthelawandoftheworshipintypes,that ›“anAmmoniteanda ›Moabiteshallnotcome ›intotheassemblyoftheLord”Deuteronomy 23:4 ›but“Goandteachall ›thenations,baptising ›theminthenameofthe ›FatherandtheSonand ›theHolySpirit.”Matthew 28:19 ›“Theonewhofearshim ›ineverynationanddoes ›worksofrighteousnessisacceptabletohim,”Acts 10:35andhebringsthembackandconsidersthem worthyofgreatercare.ForwhentheChurchisgatheredtogetherfromthenationswhoperished intheirpolytheism,Christhimselfwasinit,accordingtowhatiswritten,“dwellingandtarrying”2 Cor. 6:16, cf. Leviticus 26:12 andgivingeveryspiritualgrace.Forthisreasonhealsogavetwocoinstotheownerofthe inn,whomaybeconsideredasbeingthetypeoftheapostlesandtheshepherdsandteachers withthemwhenhehasgoneuptoheaven;heorderedhimspecificallytotakecareofthe onewhowasinjured,andaddedthat“Whatevermoreyouspend,Iwillrepayyou ›whenIcomeback.”Luke 10:35Thetwocoins,itsays,arethetwoTestaments,boththeOldand theNew.OnewasgiventhroughthelawofMosesandtheprophets,theotherthrough thegospelsandtheapostoliccommands:bothareoftheoneGod,and theybearoneimageoftheonerulerwhoisabove,asdothecoins.They sealandmouldthesameimprintoftheruleronourheartsthrough theholysayings,sincethesameSpirithasalsospokeninthem. MayManiperishandMarcionbeforehim,themostgodlessmenwho dividedtheseintodifferentgods.Forthetwocoinsareoftheoneking,andforthe samereasonandwithequalvalueweretheygiventotheowneroftheinnbyChrist. Thesearewhatthe shepherdsofthemost holychurchesreceived, andmademoreextensive withlaboursandsweat intheteachings,and enrichedfromtheir ownresources:through expenditure,rather, theyincreasedit. Formoneyshould bethoughtofasthe sortofthingwhich whenitisspentdoes notdiminishbut increases.Thisiswhat thewordofteaching is,wheneachperson willaskthemaster whenhereturnsonthe ›lastday:‘Lord,yougavemetwocoins.See,IhavespentmorefrommyownresourcesandIhavegained ›anothertwo,throughwhichIhaveincreasedtheflock.’Andhewillanswerandsay:“Welldone,goodand ›faithfulslave.YouwerefaithfulinsmallmattersandIwillsetyouinchargeofgreatones.Enterintothejoy ofyourlord.”Matthew 25:21❧ lxxxv

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 68 on LukeFromanunattributedsourceCyril , Sermon 68 on Luke (Syriac), PS315 2￣Jesusaskedhimwhichofthethreehethoughthadbeenaneighbourtotheonewho suffered.Hesaid,“Theonewhoshowedmercytohim.”Luke 10:37AndinresponseChristsaid, “Youtoo,setoffanddolikewise.”Luke 10:37Forthedignityofpriesthoodisnobenefittothosewho obtainit,norisbeingcalledalegalexperttothosewhoseemtobelegalexperts,unless theyhaveagoodreputationthroughthedeedsthemselves.Forsee,thegarlandofloveis beingwovenfortheonewhohaslovedhisneighbour.ThismanwasaSamaritan,but heisnottobecastoutbecauseofthis.Forthefirstamongthedisciples,thatisthe ›blessedPeter,borewitnesswhenhespokeasfollows:“Iunderstandintruththat ›Godshowsnopartiality,butineverynationtheonewhofearshimanddoeswhatis rightisacceptableto him.”Acts 10:34–5ForChrist, wholovesthevirtuein us,acceptsallthe loversReuss, Lukas-Kommentare, 117 reads ἐραστάς, which seems more likely in context.ofgood activities.Origen, Homily 34 on LukeFromOrigen 2￣Heteachesthateach personoughttomake themselvestheneighbour ofonewhoasksforhelp. Forsuchiswhatwas saidaftertheparable: “Whichofthesethreewas wasaneighbour,doyou think,tothemanwhofellamongtherobbers?”Luke 10:36ForneitherthepriestnortheLevite wereneighbourstohimbut,asthelawyeranswered,“theonewhoshowedhimmercy”Luke 10:37 wasneighbourtothemanwhofellamongrobbers.Forthisreason,hearalsofromtheLord: “Goanddolikewise.”Luke 10:37❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 69 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 69 on Luke (Syriac), PS317 3￣Themannerofhospitalityisagreatmatterandworthyofacquisition.Themostwise Paulalsobearswitnesstothis,writing“Donotforgettobehospitable.”Hebrews 13:2Martha wassuchaperson whensheentertained theLord:itisafine thingtoimitateher, justlikehersisterMary aswell,whowasmost fondoflearningand whosatatthefeetof theSaviourandfilled hermindwiththe teachingsfromhim.❧ At least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 10:41–42. lxxxvi

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 70 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 70 on Luke (Syriac), PS321 5￣Indeed,heistrueGodandSonoftheGodwhoisoverall.Andwhilehehimselfdispenses tothecreationallthingsthroughwhichitmaybewelldisposedandkeptsafe,hehimself lacksnothingatall.For,hehimselfsays,heisfullcf. Isaiah 1:11.So,someonemightsay,‘Ofwhatishein ›needwhohasallthingsoftheFatherbynature?Forheclearlysaidthat“Everything ›thattheFatherhasismine.”John 16:15.’TheFatherhasthepropertyofbeingfullofallgoodand divinedignities,andthisisalsotrueoftheSon.Knowingthis,holypeople ›saythat,“fromhisfullness,wehaveallreceived.”John 1:16Why,thendoesitsay ›“heprays”ifheisfullandneedsnothingatallfromthatwhichtheFather has?Inresponse,wesaythatthemannerofhisdispensationinthefleshgiveshim theability,shouldhechoose,tofulfilhumanmattersforthispurposewhenthemoment requires.Forifheateanddrank,andisfoundhavingparticipatedinsleep,whatisstrange if,havingplaced himselfwithin ourlimitations andfulfilling humanrighteousness, hedidnotmake prayerwithouta purpose?Itwassothat hemightteachusnot tobelazyinthisregard,butrathertobeearnestlydirectedtointercessions,notstanding inthemiddleofthestreets(forsomeoftheJewsusedtodothis,thescribesandthe Pharisees,whomadethematteranoccasionforpersonalglory),butratherbyourselves, insilenceandinprivate,andspeakingtoGodinthemannerofonetoonewithapureand undistractedmindcf. Matthew 6:5–6.Foritwasnecessarythatnootherpersonshouldsomuchbeahead andteacherforusofeverygoodandmostbeneficialmatterbuthim,whoishimself firstinallthingsandreceivesintercessionsfromallpeople.❧ Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitus.❧ 6￣Thedisciples,seeingthisfreshbehaviour,askedforanewtypeofprayeralso. Fortherearemanyprayersinantiquity,andseeingthepracticeoftheSaviour assurpassingallbehaviourofeveryrighteouspersonandprophet,theyaskedfor atypeofprayer.WelldotheyaskfromJesussothattheymightconverseknowledgeably withtheFather.Forno-oneisabletospeakabouttheFatherexcepttheonewhoalone isfromhim.SoifanyoneweretospeaksothatweshouldnoterrtowardsGodin askingforsomethingsinsteadofothers,orconversingwithhiminanunsuitableway,or addressingGodthroughprayerinamannerwhichisnotasitshouldbe,“Teachusto pray.”Luke 11:1❧Basil, Ascetic ConstitutionsAndagain.❧Therearetwomannersofprayer,mybeloved.Oneisthatof glorifyingwithhumility;thesecondiswhatfallsundertheheadingofrequest.

Origen, Fragment 174 on Luke7FromOrigen￣Ithinkthatno-one wouldsaytoGod“Father” unlesstheywerefilledwith thespiritofadoptioncf. Romans 8:15. Evenasonglorifyinghis fatherwouldsay“Father” havingkeptthecommandment whichsays,“Loveyour ›enemiesandprayfor ›thosewhopersecute ›you,sothatyou ›maybechildren ›ofyourfather ›inheaven.Forhemakeshissunriseontheevilandonthegood,andsendsrainontherighteous ›andontheunrighteous.”Matthew 5:44–5YetanotherpersonisbornfromGodbydoingrighteousness:havingbeen born,theywouldsay“Father”havingreceivedtheseedofGodinthemselves,becausetheyare“no longerabletosin.”1 John 3:9Next,whileMatthewfollowsthe“OurFather”with“whoisinheaven”,sincehe isspeakingaboutthekingdomofheavenandrelatingthat,aftertheBeatitudes,theSaviour alsotaughtallofthosepresenthiswordaboutprayerMatthew 6:9,Luke,ontheotherhandAt least one page is missing, which would have contained Luke 11:2b. lxxxvii ›Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 74 on LukeCyril , Sermon 74 on Luke (Syriac), PS337wesayangels.Foritiswrittenaboutthem,“BlesstheLord,allhispowers, ›hisministerswhodohiswill.”Psalm 102:21 LXXAccordingly,thosewhosaythisencourage strengthtobegiventothoseontheearth,thattheymightdothewillofGod andtheymightbecomeimitatorsofthewayoflifeaboveandinheaven,Imeantheone whichisamongtheholyangels.AsPaulsays,astheywalkaroundonearth,so“maythey havetheircitizenshipinheaven.”cf. Philippians 3:20Inadditiontothis,weclaimthatthosewhosay“Your willbedoneonearthasitisinheaven”Luke 11:2 (MT)areaskingfortheremovalofsin.For,asIhavesaid, thewillofGodwhoisoverallisthateveryoneontheearthshouldlivetheirlifeinaholy fashion,sothattheChurchontheearthmaybeseenastheimitatorandimageoftheChurch ofthefirst-borncf. Hebrews 12:23which,Isay,isabove,andthatitmaypleaseChrist.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 75 on LukeFromthesameCyrilCyril, Sermon 75 on Luke (Syriac), PS340 11￣Perhapssomepeoplethinkthatitisunfittingandunsuitableforholypeopletoaskformaterialthings fromGod,andforthis reason,theydivertthe sayingintoaspiritual consideration.Indeed, theyclaimthattheyare askingforbreadwhich isnotearthly,not material,butrather thatwhichisfromaboveand“descendsfromheavenandgiveslifetotheworld.”cf. John 6:33 Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 75 on LukeAndalittlelateron.Cyril, Sermon 75 on Luke (Syriac), PS340Becauseitwouldbefittingforholypeopletopressonespeciallyto takeashareinspiritualgifts,Imightsaywithoutanydoubtthatitisreasonabletoseethat theywouldbeaskingforcommonbread.TheSaviourinstructedthemtodothistoo:theymake theirapproachfreefromallblame.Forobservewhatsortofsenseisconcealedinthese words,throughwhichheinstructedthemtoaskforbreadwhichisdailyfood:itshouldbeclear fromthisthathedidnotallowthemtopossessanything,butrathertopractiseapoverty whichbefitstheholy.Foraskingisnotforthosewhohavepossessions,butforthosewhoare inneed.IfsomeonewhowasinneedofnothingweretosaytoGod,whoknowseverything,‘Give ustodayoureverydaybread’cf. Luke 11:3,theywouldseemrathertobebeingironicoratleasttrulywishing totakeit.Butsomesaythatsupersubstantial(ἐπιούσιος)breadisthatwhichwillcomeandwill begiveninthefutureage,sothatitmight,again,beunderstoodasspiritual. Othersdiverttheutterancetodifferentsenses.Butifitweretruethat,whenthey pray,theyarecallingtomindbreadwhichwillbegiveninthefutureage,whydothey precedeitinadditionwiththephrase“Giveuseachday”Luke 11:3?Foritispossible,itispossible bythesewordstoseethattheyaremakingarequestfordailyfood,clearlyasthosewho arewithoutproperty.This is marked as a new scholium in the manuscript, but the extract from Origen starts two lines below.￣Theword‘supersubstantial’(ἐπιούσιος)shouldbeunderstoodas ‘self-sufficient’(αὐτάρκης).TheblessedPaulhasalsosetthisworddownsomewherewithregardto Christ,theSaviourofusall,withaslightdifference.Forhesaidthathehaspreparedforhimself“a specialpeople,”Titus 2:14usinginsteadof‘supersubstantial’(ἐπιούσιος)theword‘special’(περιούσιος),meaning whatissufficientandisnothinglessthanperfectinstate.Origen, Fragment 180 on LukeSincethefollowersofMarcionhave thewordasfollows:“Giveusyoursupersubstantial(ἐπιούσιος)breadeachday”,letuscriticise howtheyavoid allegoriesandanalogies. Whichisthebreadof God?Foriftheywill explainitaswehave setout,clearlythey wouldbeallegorising. Butiftheyweretounderstanditasmaterialbread,howwouldthisbefromtheonewho,according tothem,isgood?Ofnecessity,thephrase“eachday”isalsoadded.Forinasimilarfashion, ourtruelifeisrestoredsothattheinnerpersonwillliveaccordingtoGodcf. 2 Corinthians 4:16.

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 76 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 76 on Luke (Syriac), PS345 12￣Hewisheshisowndisciplestobekindandnottoholdagrudge,sothattheyareable tosayblamelesslyintheirprayers,“Forgiveusoursins,forweourselvesforgiveeveryone whoisindebtedtous.”Luke 11:4Whatdepthofwealthandwisdomandknowledge!Firstheinstructs themtoaskforgivenessforthesinswhichhavebeencommittedbythem,andthensotoconfessreading ομολογειν for ομολογει thattheythemselveswillalsoforgivecompletelyandutterlyand,ifImayspeakinthisway, theywishGodtobecomeanimitatoroftheforbearancewhichiswithinthem.Astheywere abletoshowkindnesstotheirfellowservants,theyseektoreceivethisinequalmeasure fromhimwhodispensesrighteouslyandknowshowtohavepityonall.Mayno-one thinkthatitispermissibleforthosewhoarewithoutdistinctiontosay,“Forgiveusoursins”Luke 11:4Several pages are missing, which would have contained Luke 11:4b–24a. lxxxviii Note Luke chapter heading on this line

Anon., Catena on Luke (ed. Cramer) 26￣Saying“BlessedratherarethosewhohearthewordofGodandobeyit!”Luke 11:28whichitselfwas alsospokenfortheoccasion,sincethosewhodidnotobeythedivinewordscondemnedthosewho didobey.Onthecontrary,hepronouncesablessingbecauseofthis,sincethedemonwascastout whichmadethemanmute, sothatthemutemanmight hear;andafterhearing, mightlearn;andafter learning,mightbelieve; andafterbelieving,might dogoodworks;andafter doinggoodworksmight becrownedandglorified withthosemadeholy.❧

Titus of Bostra, Homilies on LukeFromSaintTitusSource indicator on same line as chapter heading. 27￣Therequestisoutofwickedness,becausetherequestfollowsconcerningnothing.Forit is“awickedandadulterousgeneration,”cf. Matthew 12:39, 16:4asMatthewsays.Itisadulterousbecauseitdeparts fromGodandattachesitselftothedemonswhichruleimproperlyandimperiously.So notgivingasigntothemisalsoveryreasonable,inkeepingwith“Theevilpeople seekmeandtheywillnotfindme.”Proverbs 1:28ButpromisingtothemthesignofJonah makesthisclear,becausetheyshallhavetheirowndisappointmentasasign.For Jonahwasatypeofthe passionoftheLord. ThepassionofChrist wasthepurificationof theJews,whichcameto passfromtheirtreachery andimpiety.Accordingly, thepassiononthecross andtheresurrectionfrom thedeadshallbegivento them.❧

Cyril of Alexandria, Homily 82 on LukeFromSaintCyrilCyril, Sermon 82 on Luke (Syriac), PS375 ›28￣Hesays,“Forjustas ›Jonahwasforthree ›daysandthreenights ›inthebellyofthe ›seamonster,sofor ›threedaysandthree ›nightstheSonofMan willbeintheheart oftheearth.”Matthew 12:40 Butifithadbeen possibleforJesus nottowishtosufferdeathonthecrossaccordingtotheflesh,thissignwouldnot havebeengiventotheJews.Yetsincethepassionwasinevitablewhichwasenactedfor thesalvationofallunderheaven,ithasbeengiventotheunbelieversforcondemnation. BecauseannihilatingdeathandovercomingdestructionthroughhisResurrection fromthedeadisanall-greatsignofthedivinepowerandauthorityofthe incarnateWord,XThe significance of this symbol is unclear; the Syriac version confirms that it comes in the middle of a sentence, so it is unlikely to be intended as a separate extract.thiswillsuffice,Ithink,forreasonablepeopleasfull assurancethatthesoldiersofPilatewerepersuadedwithmuchmoneyAt least half a page is missing, which would have contained Luke 11:30b–31a. The top half of this page is missing. The catena text was probably similar to Paris supp. grec. 612, f. 250v: εσπουδασε περι την σολολωντος ... αλλοτριουσθαι προς τον λογον Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on LukeCyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai); PS376 andyoualsodismiss,lxxxix heedlessly,the wonderofthewords. Howisitnotthat“something greaterthanSolomonishere,”Luke 11:31meaning‘inme’?Consideragain,Iaskyou,theskillofthe Word.Forwhydoeshesay“here”andnotrather‘inme’?Inorderthathemight persuadeustobehumble,evenifwearefilledupwithspiritualgifts; ›butalsosothatitwasnotatallunlikelythatJewswhoheardthat‘somethinggreater thanSolomonisinme’wouldtrytosayagaintheirusualcommentsabouthim: ‘See,hesaysthathehimselfissuperiortothosewhoruledamongus withdistinction.’Accordingly,theSaviourispurposefullymoderate,saying“here” insteadof‘inme’.❧ The top half of this page is missing.

Cyril of Alexandria, Fragments on Luke Cyril, Fragments on Luke (Mai), PS377 useofthelamp.Forthe lampisplacedonhighand alwaysonalampstand,so thatitisusefulforthose whosee.Letusconsider whatitisthatcomes fromthis.ForbeforethecomingofourSaviour,thefatherofdarknessthatisSatan darkenedallthatwasunderheaven,andmadeeverythingblackwithaspiritual fog.Butwhenwewereinsuchcircumstances,theFathergavetheSonasalampto whatwasunderheavensothatthedivinelightmightblazeoutforus,andmightrescue usfromthediabolicalfog.But,Jew,ifyoublamethelampbecauseitisnotsomuch hiddenbut,havingbeenplacedonhighandonalampstand,sendslighttothosewhosee, accuseChristofwantingnottobehiddenbutrathertobeseenbyallpeople,andgiving lighttothoseindarkness,andsendingthelightofthetrueknowledgeofGod.Therefore itwasnotsomuchthatheshouldbeadmiredbuthefulfilledhisdivinesignsThis is the end of the extant manuscript.