# Creatures

Text_Name:
Bede: Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 1

Edition:
The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Miller, 4 vols, EETS,  1890


Edition:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft, 2, Cockayne, 1864-6

Context:
Wið deawwyrme sume nimað wearm cwead monnes þynne, bindað neahterne on, sume swines lungenne wearme.

Description:
For ringworm take some warm, thin dung of man, bind it on for a night time, [take] a warm swine's lung.


Context:
Wiþ hondwyrme nim sciptearo & swefl & pipor & hwit sealt, meng tosomne, smire mid

Description:
For a worm in the hand take ship tar, sulphur, peppor and white salt, mingle together, smear with it


Context:
Weax sealf wiþ wyrme, weax sealf, butere, pipor, hwit sealt, meng tosomne, smire mid

Description:
Wax salve against  a worm, a wax salve, mingle together butter, pepper, white salt, smear with it.


Context:
Wiþ wyrmum þe mannes flæsc etað, ramgeallan þone fagan cnua on niwe ealo ær þon hit asiwen sie, sele þæt oferfyllo drincan þreo niht.

Description:
For a worm which eats the man's flesh, pound coloured ram-gall into new ale before then straining it, give that strained liquid to drink for three nights.


Context:
WiTH flæscwyrmum genim monnes suran, þa leaf gewel togædre, gebræd on gærse, gecnua, þonne lege on swa þu hatost mæge aræfnan.

Description:
For flesh-worm take man's sorrel, boil the leaves together, spread on grass, pound, then lay it on, the hottest he might endure


Context:
Wiþ smega wyrme, niwe cyse & beobread & hwætenne hlaf ete.

Description:
For a penetrating worm, take cheese and bee-bread and wheat bread, eat.


Context:
Wiþ wyrmætum lice & cweldehtum, acrinde dust, æscrinde dust, ellenrinde dust on norþan neoþan þam treowe, eolonan moran dust, doccan moran dust, wyrm acmeluwes dust, pipores dust, siglan dust, swefles dust, ele, & horses smeru to wose & sciptearos læst, þissa ealra emfela & þara dusta ealra emfela, gemeng eal ceald tosomne þæt hit fram þam wosum eal wel smitende, smire mid on niht & on morgen aleþre.

Description:
For a worm-eaten and mortified body, oak-bark dust, ash-bark dust, elder-bark dust from the north and nether of the tree, dock root dust, warm oak-meal dust, pepper dust, suphur dust, oil and horse grease for liquid and ship tar last, this all equally as much and the dust equally as much, mingle all cold together that it is all well smeared well in the liquid. Smear with at night and in the morning lather.


Description:
[for a palsy] Again, pound earthworms, put on.


Context:
Gif liþule utyrne genim eced & sure cruman berenes hlafes & renwyrmas, meng tosomne, bind on wæt þæt liþ mid ecede oþþe mid suran ealað.

Description:
If synovia runs out take vinegar and sour crumb of barley loaf and earthworms, mingle together, bind on, wet the joint with vinegar or with sour ale.


Context:
Wiþ gicþan, doccan & wyrm melu & sealt, ealra emfela, meng wið sure fletan & smire mid þy.

Description:
For itching, root and worm meal and salt, all equally as much, mingle with sour cream and smear with it.


Context:
Hwilum wyrmas of þam inþerran dælum gesecað þa uferran dælas to þam magan & eac heortcoþe wyrceað & angnessa & geswowunga swa þætte hwilum sume men fram þara wyrma slitunge sweltað & forweorþað.

Description:
While worms of the lower part seek the upper part to the maw and also work heart disease and pain and geswowunga as sometimes those men die from the slicing of the worms and become nothing


Context:
Hu, ic freonda beþearf liðra on lade, þonne ic sceal langne ham, eardwic uncuð, ana gesecan, lætan me on laste lic, eorðan dæl, wælread wunigean weormum to hroðre.

Description:
How, I have need of friends to go on my way, when I must alone seek my long home, unknown dwelling-place, to leave my body behind, part of the earth, to be solace and spoil to worms.


Context:
Man wridode geond beorna breost, brandhata nið weoll on gewitte, weorm blædum fag, attor ælfæle

Description:
Wickedness flourished, burned in the breast of man, burning hate, the worm stained their minds, welled in their wits, baleful poison


Context:
Hwæt, ðu wyrma gylf lyt geþohtest, þa ðu lustgryrum eallum ful geeodest, hu þu on eorðan scealt wyrmum to wiste!

Description:
Oh, you feast of worms, you thought little then you followed all lustful things, how you must now be in earth, food of worms


Context:
ond þe sculon her moldwyrmas manige ceowan, slitan sarlice swearte wihta, gifre ond grædige

Description:
and then here many earthworms must chew, the dark creatures painfully slit, cruel and greedy.


Context:
ge þeah ðu wære wyrma cynna þæt grimmeste

Description:
though you had been the grimmest of worm-kin.


Context:
Rib reafiað reðe wyrmas beoð hira tungan totogenne on tyn healfa hungregum to frofre; forþan hie ne magon huxlicum wordum wrixlian wið werian gast.

Description:
The worms cruelly plunder the ribs, the tongue is torn into ten parts, a comfort to the hungry ones, therefore he might not exchange words with weary spirit


Context:
Gifer hatte se wyrm, þe þa eaglas beoð nædle scearpran.

Description:
The worm is called glutton, the one that has needle-sharp jaws.


Context:
Se genydde to ærest eallra on þam eorðscræfe, þæt he þa tungan totyhð ond þa teð þurhsmyhð ond þa eagan þurheteD ufan on þæt heafod ond to ætwelan oðrum gerymeð, wyrmum to wiste, þonne þæt werie lic acolod bið þæt he lange ær. Werede mid wædum.

Description:
In that grave it was the first to make it happen, he tears the tongue to pieces and moves through the teeth, and eats away the eyes in the head from outside and makes space in the feast for others, food of worms once the body has grown cold that which I formerly protected for a long time, covered with clothes


Description:
Then you will be a feast to worms, food in the ground.


Context:
Wine leofesta, þeah ðe wyrmas gyt gifre gretaþ, nu is þin gast cumen, fægere gefrætewod, of mines fæder rice, arum bewunden.

Description:
Beloved friend, though the worms still greedily attack you, now your spirit has come from my father's kingdom, dressed in splendor, bound in glory.


Context:
þa sio werge sceolu under heolstorhofu hreosan sceolde in wita forwyrd, þære hie in wylme nu dreogaþ deaðcwale in dracan fæðme, þeostrum forþylmed.

Description:
Then the weary ones must fall down into the darkness of hell in the tourment of departure, there now in the whelm [of flame] painful death, choking darkness, in the dragon's clutch


Context:
Ic þec of eorðan geworhte on þære þu scealt yrmþum lifgan, wunian in gewinne ond wræce dreogan, feondum to hroþor fusleoð galan, ond to þære ilcan scealt eft geweorþan, wyrmum aweallen, þonan wites fyr of þære eorðan scealt eft gesecan.

Description:
I wrought you of earth and there you must live in misery, dwell in toil and pass life in suffering, joy to fiends singing a death-song, and the same you must again become, teeming with worms, and on the earth you must again seek out the fire of tourment.


Context:
Donne bið þridde, hu on þystra bealo þæt gesælige weorud gesihð þæt fordone sar þrowian, synna to wite, weallendne lig, on wyrma slite bitrum ceaflum, byrnendra scole.

Description:
Then the third thing, the happy host see that destruction, how in dark destruction, those pained by sin suffer pain, fierce flame, in the bitter jaws and the slitting of worms, a host of burning ones.


Context:
Ne mæg þæt hate dæl of heoloðcynne in sinnehte synne forbærnan to widan feore, wom of þære sawle, ac þær se deopa seað dreorge fedeð, grundleas giemeð gæsta on þeostre, æleð hy mid þy ealdan lige, ond mid þy egsan forste; wraþum wyrmum ond mis wita fela, frecnum feorhgomum, folcum scendeð.

Description:
Never might that hot pit of devils in perpetual darkness burn away their sins from afar, the stain on their souls, but there  but then the deep pit feeds the sorrowful ones, bottomless it holds spirits in the darkness, burns them with the old flame and frosty terror, the wrath of worms and with many tourments, horrible fatal jaws it harms the people


Context:
Hy to ær aþreat þæt hy waldendes willan læsten ac his wif genom wyrmes larum blede forbodene, ond of beame ahneop wæstm biweredne ofer word godes, wuldorcyninges, ond hyre were sealde þurh deofles searo deaðberende gylf þæt ða sinhiwan to swylte geteah.

Description:
Soon they found it tedious to follow the master's will, but his wife through the advice from the serpent took the forbidden fruit, and plucked the fruit from the tree against the word of god, the wonderous king, and she, through the devil's deceit gave the death-bearing food to her husband, leading to destruction.


Context:
Hwilum wedende swa wilde deor cirmdon on corðre, hwilum cyrdon eft minne mansceaþan on mennisc hiw breahtma mæste, hwilum brugdon eft awyrgde wærlogan on wyrmes bleo, earme adloman attre spiowdon.

Description:
Sometimes, furious as a wild animal they cried together, at the time the hateful people again turned to human shape with many cries, sometimes the faithless cursed ones, vile flame-cripples [turned] into serpent appearance, spewed venom


Context:
þonne of þam ade æples gelicnes on þære ascan bið eft gemeted, of þam weaxeð wyrm, wundrum fæger, swylce he of ægerum ut alæde, scir of scylle.

Description:
Then, like out of the disease of an apple grows a worm, again, in the dust it will be painted, wonderous fair thing, as though they had drawn out of eggs, bright in shell


Context:
þeah min lic scyle on moldærne molsnad weorþan wyrmum to willan, swa þeah weoruda god æfter swylthwile sawle alyseð ond in wuldor aweceð.

Description:
Although my body must come to be corrupt in the grave, the will of worms, nevertheless, the God of the multitudes, after the death-time, will release my soul and I will awake in glory


Context:
Ic þære sawle ma geornor gyme ymb þæs gæstes forwyrd þonne þæs lichoman, se þe on legre sceal weoðan in worulde wyrme to hroþor, bifolen in foldan.

Description:
I care to know more about the soul, the destruction of the spirit, than the body, the one that must come to lie in the ground, commited into the earth, a comfort to worms.


Context:
Stondeð nu on laste leofre duguþe weal wundrum heah, wyrmlicum fah

Description:
Now, in the footsteps of the beloved duguþ stands a wall, wonderously high, stained with serpent-patterns


Context:
Se þe hine sylfne in þa sliþnan tid 
þurh oferhygda up ahlæneð, ahefeð heahmodne, se sceal hean wesan æfter neosiþum niþer gebiged, wunian witum fæst, wyrmum beþrungen.

Description:
So the one who sets himself up on high at this cruel time, through pride, raises up proudly what must be humble, after death is brought down low, dwell fast in tourments, thronging with worms


Context:
Se is æghwam freond, duguða estig, butan dracan anum, þam he in ealle tid ondwrað leofaþ þurh yfla gehwylc þe he geæfnan mæg.

Description:
He is friend to everything, gratious to men, but to the dragon alone, by which he is at all times enraged, through every evil that he might perform


Context:
Swa is dryhten god, dreama rædend eallum eaðmede oþrum gesceaftum, butan dracan anum, attres ordfruman. Þat is se ealda feond, þone he gesælde in susla grund, ond gefetrade fyrnum teagum, biþeahte þreanydum.

Description:
As the lord is good, ruler of joys, [he is] mild to all other creatures, but to the dragon, the origin of venom. That is the old fiend, that he bound in the bottom of tourments, fettered in bands of old, convered in misery


Context:
Hwæt, þu huru wyma gifl lyt geþohtes, hu þis is long hider, ond þe þurh engel ufan of roderum sawle onsende þurh his sylfes hond, meotud ælmihtig, of his mægenþrymme, ond þe þa gebohte blode þy halgan, ond þu me þy heardan hungre gebunde ond gehæftnadest helle witum!

Description:
Hwæt, you are only a feast for worms, gave little thoughts how this place is owing, and that through an angel high up in the heavens your soul was sent through his own hand, almighty lord, from his majesty, and then bought for you through holy blood and you have bound me to a cruel hunger and fettered me into the tourments of hell


Context:
ond þe sculon moldwyrmas monige ceowan, seonowum beslitan swearte wihte, gifre ond grædge

Description:
and many cruel earthworms chew at you, slit your sinews, dark creatures, keen and greedy


Context:
Biþ þæt heafod tohliden, honda tohleoþode, geaflas toginene, goman toslitene, seonwe beoð asogene, sweora bicowen; rib reafiað reþe wyrmas drincað hloþum hra, heolfres þurstge

Description:
The head will gape, the hands divided into parts, the jaws yawn open, the palate slit, the sinews will be sucked, the neck gnawed, the worms will plunder the ribs.


Context:
Gifer hatte se wyrm, þam þa geaflas beoð nædle scearpran.

Description:
Glutton is the name of the wyrm, the one whose jaws are sharper than a needle


Context:
Se geneþeð to ærest ealra on þam eorðscræfe; he þa tungan totyhð ond þa toþas þurhsmyhð, ond to ætwelan oþrum gerymeð, ond þa <eagan> þurhiteð ufon on þæt heafod wyrmum to wiste, þonne biþ þæt werge lic acolad þæt he longe ær werede mid wædum.

Description:
he is the first to venture into the grave, to destroy the tongue and to bore into the teeth and to clear space at the feast, and to eat through the eyes up upon the head, a feast for worms, that accursed body has now cooled, that was long clothed in fine garments.


Context:
wyrmas mec ne awæfan wyrda cræftum, þa þe geolo godwebb geatwum frætwað

Description:
Worms have not woven me with skills of fate, those that adorn the good web, adorned with ornaments.


Context:
se wyrm forswealg wera gied sumes, þeof in þystro, þrymfæstne cwide ond þæs strangan staþol.

Description:
the worm eats the song of some man, a thief in the darkness, glorious speech and the strong foundation


Manuscript:
British Library, Cotton Vitellius A. xv.


Context:
þa næddran habbað twa heafda, ðæra eagan scinað nihtes swa leohte swa blacern

Description:
Serpents have two heads, their eyes shine at night as brightly as lanterns


Context:
þa bugað to þære Readan Sæ, for ðæra næddrena mænigeo þe in ðam stowum beoð þa hattna Corsias. Ða habbað swa micle hornas swa weðeras. Gyf hi hwylcne monn sleað oððe æthrinað þonne swylt he sona.

Description:
They retreat to the Red Sea, because of the many snakes called Corsiae which are there. They have horns as big as rams. If they strike or touch any man, he soon dies.


Context:
ðone pipor þa næddran healdað on hyra geornfulnysse.

Description:
the serpents hoard pepper in their eagerness.


Context:
ðone pipor mon swa nimeð þæt mon þa stowe mid fyre onæleð ond þonne ða næddran of dune on eorðan þæt hi fleoð; forðan se pipor byð sweart.

Description:
In order to take the pepper, people use fire to force the serpents to flee into the earth; therefore, the pepper is black.


Context:
ðær beoð dracan kende, ða beoð on lenge hundteontiges fotmæla and fiftiges lange, ond beoð greate swa stænene sweras micle

Description:
Dragons live on an island which are 150ft and as thick as great stone pillars


Context:
For ðara dracena micelnysse nænig mann naht eaðelice on þæt land gefaran mæg.

Description:
Because of the large dragons no man might travel anywhere in that land


Context:
be þæm unarimdum cynnum nædrena, monna, wildeora

Description:
there are countless sorts of serpents and men and wild beasts [in India]


Context:
þa sægdon us ða bigengean þas londes þæt we us warnigan sceoldon wið þa missenlican cynd nædrena ond hrifra wildeora

Description:
The native people defended these lands warned us that we should defend against the many kinds of serpents and vicious wild beasts.


Context:
þa lond þe þa unarefnedlican cyn nædrena ond hrifra wildeora

Description:
the land that contains unbearable groups of serpents and vicious wild beasts


Context:
Ac ic wiste hwæþre þæt ure for siðfæt wæs þurh þa lond stowe þe missenlicra cynna eardung in wæs, nædrena rifra wildeora.

Description:
But I knew that our path and journey led through the land and places in which various serpents and savage wild animals had their dwelling.


Context:
ða toforan monan upgonge þa cwomon þær Scorpiones þæt wyrmcyn swa hie ær gewunelice wæron toweard þæs wætersciepes.

Description:
Then before the moon rise there came a type of wyrm-kin called a scorpion, just as they usually did, towards the water.


Description:
There was a great multitude of these wyrms


Description:
Then, afterwards, horned serpents came there.


Context:
þa æfter þon cwoman þær hornede nædran Carastis þæt nædercyn. þa wæron ealle missenlices hiwes, for þon hie wæron sume reode, sume blace, sume hwite. Sumum þonne scinan þa scilla lixtan swylce hie wæron gyldne þonne mon onlocode.

Description:
Then, afterwards, horned serpents came there called Carastis, that are serpent-kind. There were all of different colours, some red, some black, some white. On some of them their scales glittered and shone as if they were gold when one looked at them.


Context:
Ne gemealt him se modsefa, ne his mæges laf gewac æt wige. þæt se wyrm onfand, syððan hie togædre gegan hæfdon.

Description:
His heart's spirit did not melt, nor did the heirloom of his kinsmen fail in the battle. The dragon found that out after they had come together.


Context:
æfter ðam wordum wyrm yrre cwom, atol inwitgæst, oðre siðe, fyrwylmum fah, fionda niosian, laðra manna.

Description:
After these words the dragon, terrible thing, came another time, patterned with whelming fire to find his enemies, the hated men.


Context:
frecne fyrdraca fæhða gemyndig, ræsde on ðone rofan, ða him rum ageald; hat ond heaðogrim, heals ealne ymbefend biteran banum; he geblodegod wearð sawuldriore; swat yðum weoll.

Description:
the horrible fire-dragon, mindful of feuds, rushed on the valiant one, hot and battle-grim, he clasped all of his neck between bones; he was soaked with lifeblood, blood whelled up in waves


Context:
þa gen sylf cyning geweold his gewitte, wællseaxe gebræd, biter ond beaduscearp, þæt he on byrnan wæg; forwrat Wedra helm wyrm on middan.

Description:
Then the king himself regained his wits, drew his seax, keen and battle-sharp, which he wore on his mail, the protector of the Wedas cut the dragon open in the middle


Context:
ða sio wund ongon, þe him se eorðdraca ær geworhte, swelan ond swellan, he þæt sona onfand þat him on breostum bealoniðe weoll attor on innan.

Description:
Then the wound which the earth-dragon inflicted on him earlier began to burn and swell; he soon found that the poison within welled up with malice in his breast


Context:
nu se wyrm ligeð swefeð sare wund, since bereafod

Description:
now the dragon lies, sleeping from a wound, bereft of treasure.


Context:
wundur on wealle geond þæs wyrmes denn, ealdes uhtflogan, orcas stondan, fyrnmanna fatu, feormendlease, hyrstum behrorene

Description:
wonders on the wall throughout the den of the dragon, ancient before-dawn-flier, pitchers standing, vessels of men of old, stripped of their ornaments, lacking a polisher


Context:
Næs ðæs wyrmes þær onsyn ænig, ac hyne ecg fornam.

Description:
There was not any sign of the dragon there, the blade's edge had carried him off.


Context:
Bona swylce læg, egeslic eorðdraca, ealdre bereafod, bealwe gebæded.

Description:
The slayer, the terrible earth-dragon also lay dead, bereft of life, overwhelmed in destruction


Context:
Beahhordum leng wyrm wohbogen, wealdan ne moste, ac hine irenna ecga fornamon, hearde, heaðoscearde, homera lafe, þæt se widfloga wundum stille hreas on hrusan hordærne neah.

Description:
The coiled serpent could no longer rule the ringhoard, but edges of iron, hard, notched by battle, the hammer's legacy, had carried it off, so that the wide-flier, stilled by wounds, had sunk to the earth near the treasure-house.


Context:
Eall þæt lond hleoðrade for þara wyrma hwistlunge, us eac noht lytel ege from him wæs.

Description:
All that land resounded with the hissing of serpents, we had no little terror from them.


Context:
þas ðing we þus drugon þæt we swa wið þam wyrmum fuhtan wunnan huru twa tida þære nihte

Description:
We endured these things, that we were fighting and struggling with the serpents for two full hours of the night


Context:
Sioðþan hie þa wyrmas hæfdon ondruncen þæs wætres þa gewiton hie þonon, ure no ne ehton.

Description:
After the serpents had drunk the waters they went away, and harmed us no more.


Context:
þa cwoman þær nædran eft wunderlicran þonne ða oþre wæron egeslicran. þa hæfdon tu heafdo, eac sume hæfdon þreo.

Description:
Serpents more wonderful and dangerous than the last ones came. They had two heads and some had three.


Context:
wæron hie wunderlicre micelnisse, wæron hie swa greate swa columnan ge eac sume uphyrran gryttran, cwoman þa wyrmas þæm neahdunum scrafum þider to þon þæt hie þæt hie þæt wæter drincan woldon.

Description:
They were of wondorous size, as large as columns and some larger and mightier, the serpents came down from he neighbouring hills and caves to drink the water there.


Context:
þa wyrmas scluncon wunderlice, wæron him þa breost upggewende on ðæm hricge wodon, a swa hie hit geforan gelice mid þæm scillum gelice mid ðe muþe ða eorþan sliton tæron

Description:
the serpents slithered in a wonderous way, with their bellies facing upwards and travelling on their backs so as they went forwards their scales and mouths ripping up the earth


Context:
hæfdon hie þa wyrmas þrie slite tungan þonne hie eðedon þonne eode him of þy muðe mid þy oroþe swylce byrnende þecelle.

Description:
These serpents had three pronged tongues and their breath came from their mouths like a burning torch.


Context:
wæs þæra wyrma oroð eþung swiðe deadberende æterne for hiora þæm wolbeorendan oroðe monige men swulton

Description:
The breath and exhalation of the serpents was very deadly and poisonous, and many men died because of their poison breath.


Context:
wið þissum wyrmum we fuhton leng þonne ane tide þære nihte

Description:
We fought with the serpents for more than an hour of the night


Context:
hie þa wyrmas acwealdon .XXX. Tig monna þære fyrde, minra agenra þenga .XX.

Description:
the serpents killed 30 men from the army and 20 of my own thegns


Edition:
The Old English Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, Anlezark, 2009

Context:
Lamana he is læce, leoht winciendra, swilce he is deafra duru, deadra tunge, scildigra scyld, scyppendes seld, flodes ferigend, folces neriend, yða yrfeweard, earmra fixa,wyrma wlenco, wildeora holt, westenes weard, weorðmynta geard.

Description:
He (Christ) is healer of the lame, light of the sightless, door of the deaf, tongue of the dead, shield of the culpable, hall of the Creator, bearer of the floor, saviour of the people, successor of the waves, of the wretched fishes, the pride of serpents, covert of the wild beasts, a guardian in the wilderness, court of honours.


Context:
Lamena he is lAce, leoht wincen[d]ra/ swilce he is deafra duru, dumbra tunge,/ scyldigra scyld, Scyppendes seld,/ flodes ferigend, folces nerigend,/ yDa yrfeweard, earmra fisca/ ond wyrma welm, wildeora holt,/ on westenne weard, weorDmyn[d]a geard.

Description:
He [Christ] is the healer of the lame, light of the sightless, door of the deaf, tongue of the dumb, shield of the culpable, hall of the Creator, bearer of the flood, saviour of the people, the hereditary guardian of the waves, of the wretched fishes, surges of serpents, covert of the wild beasts, a guardian in the wilderness, court of honours.


Context:
Hwilum hie gewendað in wyrmes lic, stranges ond sticoles, stingeð nieten, feldgongende feoh gestrudeð.

Description:
Sometimes they (wicked ones) go about in the likeness of a powerful and biting serpent, sting the wild beast, destroy field-going cattle.


Context:
ðriddan siðe bið ðæt deofol on dracan onlicnisse.

Description:
In the third instance, the devil will be in likeness of a dragon


Manuscript:
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 422

Context:
He on ðam felda ofslog .xxv. dracena on dægred, ond hine ða deað offeoll, forðan ða foldan ne mæg fira ænig

Description:
In that field he slew 25 dragons at dawn, and then death felled him, because no man can seek that land


Context:
ðæt hie ec scoldon a ðenden hie lifdon wunian in wylme, wop ðrowian, heaf under hefonum, ond him helle gescop, wælcealde wic, wintre beðeahte, wæter in sende ond wyrmgeardas, atol deor monig irenum hornum.

Description:
[when the Lord discovered they will not be obedient] he commanded that they must forever while they live dwell in the whelm, suffer sorrow under the heavens, he made a hell for them, a deadly cold place covered in winter, sent water there, and snake pits and many beasts with iron horns.


Context:
Sigemunde gesprong æfter deaðdæge dom unlytel, syþðan wiges heard wyrm acwealde, hordes hyrde.

Description:
No little glory came to Sigemund after his death, since, bold in battle, he killed the dragon, guardian of a hoard.


Context:
hwaþre him gesælde ðæt þæt swurd þurhwod wrætlicne wyrm, þæt hit on wealle ætstod, dryhtlic iren

Description:
nevertheless it befelled him that his sword pierced the wonderous dragon, that it stuck in the wall, noble iron.


Context:
gesawon ða æfter wætrere wyrmcynnes fela

Description:
afterwards they saw many of the serpent-kind in the water


Context:
Swa wæs on ðæm scennum sciran goldes þurh runstafas rihte gemearcod, geseted ond gesæd, þæt sweord geworht irena cyst, ærest wære, wreoþenhild ond wyrmfah

Description:
on a plate of shining gold the runes were correctly marked, set down and told, for whom that sword was first wrought, finest of iron, with twisted hilt and serpent-pattern


Context:
Nealles mid gewealdum wyrmhord abræc, sylfes willum

Description:
He that with strength broke into the serpent-hoard did not at all [do it] through his own will


Context:
Hordwynne fond eald uhtsceaða opene standan, se ðe byrnende biorgas seceð, nacod niðdraca, nihtes fleogeð fyre befangen

Description:
The old night-robber who, burning, seeks out barrows, the malicious dragon, flying by night, encircled in fire found the joy-hoard standing open.


Context:
þa se wyrm onwoc, wroht wæs geniwad; stonc ða æfter stane, stearcheort onfand feondas fotlast

Description:
Then the dragon awoke, a new accusation arose, it moved rapidly over stone, hard of heart it found the fiend's footprints


Context:
he to forð gestop dyrnan cræfte, dracan heafde neah.

Description:
with secretive skill he stepped too near the dragon's head


Context:
þa wæs dæg sceacen wyrme on willan; no on wealle læng biden wolde, ac mid bæle for, fyre gefysed

Description:
Then as the dragon wished, day was passed, it would not wait longer in the wall, but set out with fire, ready with fire.


Context:
No ðær aht cwices lað lyftfloga læfan wolde wæs þæs wyrmes wig wide gesyne, nearofages nið nean ond feorran, hu se guðsceaða Geata leode hatode ond hynde.

Description:
The hateful flying creature wished to leave nothing there alive. Near and far the dragon's war could be widely seen, how the warlike hate abused and humiliated the people of the Geats


Context:
Sceolde liþend daga, æþeling ærgod, ende gebidan, worulde lifes - ond se wyrm somod, þeah ðe hordwelan heolde lange.

Description:
The traveller, prince of great merit, must meet the end of his days, his life in the world, and the dragon also, though it had long held the hoard.


Context:
Hæfde ligdraca leoda fæsten, ealond utan, eorðweard ðone gledum forgrunden.

Description:
The fire-dragon had entirely crushed with coals of fire the fortress of the people from the coast to the firmament.


Context:
Swa he niða gehwane genesen hæfde, sliðra geslyhta, sunu Ecgðiowes, ellenweorca, oð ðone anne dæg þe he wið þam wyrme gewegan sceolde.

Description:
So he, the son of Ecgtheow, had escaped from many conflicts, dangerous battles, courageous works, until that one day that he had to fight with the dragon


Context:
Gewat þa twelfa sum, torne gebolgen, dryhten Geata dracan sceawian

Description:
The lord of the Geats, grieved with anger, went as one of twelve to observe the dragon.


Context:
Nolde ic sweord beran wæpen to wyrme, gif ic wiste hu wið ðam aglæcean elles meahte gylpe wiðgripan, swa ic gio wið Grendle dyde; ac ic ðær heaðufyres hates wene, oreðes ond attres

Description:
[Beowulf] 'I would not bear a sword against the dragon if I knew how else, in accordance with my boast, I could grapple with the monster as I did before with Grendel, but here I expect hot battle-fire and poison breath.'


Context:
stream ut þonan brecan of beorge; wæs þære burnan wælm heaðofyrum hat; ne meahte horde neah unbyrnende ænige hwile deop gedygan for dracan lege.

Description:
a stream burst out of the barrow, the surge burned hot with deadly fire, because of the dragon's flame, he could not escape for any length of time in the hollow near the hoard without being burned


Context:
Stiðmod gestod wið steapne rond winia bealdor, ða se wyrm gebeah snude tosomne; he on searwum bad.

Description:
Strong-hearted, the prince of friends stood with his tall shield while the dragon quickly coiled itself together, in armour he bided.


Context:
ær hi þær gesecgan syllicran wiht wyrm on wonge wiðerræhtes þær laðne licgean.

Description:
First they saw there a strange creature, the loathsome dragon lying there on the open ground opposite


Context:
wæs se legdraca, grimlic gryrefah, gledum beswæled. Se wæs fiftiges fotgemearces lang on legere

Description:
the fire-dragon, grim pattered thing, was scorched with live coals. It was fifty feet long as it lay


Context:
Dracan ec scufun wyrm ofer weallclif, leton weg niman flod fæðmian frætwa hyrde.

Description:
Also, they pushed the dragon, the worm, over the cliff, let the wave take it, the flood embrace the guardian of the ornaments.


Description:
Also, they pushed the dragon, the dragon, over the cliff, let the wave take it, the flood embrace the guardian of the ornaments.


Context:
Da het ic ealle mine ladþeowas þe mec on swelc earfeðo gelæddon, het hie þa gegebindan him þa ban sconcan forbrecan, ðæt hie on hit mæron from þæm wyrmum asogone þe þæt wæter sohton

Description:
I ordered all my guides who had led me into such harship to be bound and their legs broken, so that they might be devoured that night by the serpents on their way to water.


Context:
ða wæron monnum ungeferde for wildeorum wyrmum

Description:
the path was impassible because of wild beasts and serpents (formula)


Context:
þurh þa unarefndon lond wildeora wyrma þa wæron wunderlicum nomun on Indisc greceged

Description:
paths are unbearable due to wild beasts and serpents [formula] with strange Indian names


Context:
ða sægde se bisceop þæt þær næfre in þæm londum regnes dropa ane cwome ne fugel ne wildeor, ne nænig ætern wyrm þæt her doste gesecean ða halgan gemæro sunnan & monan

Description:
no rain, bird, wild beast or poisonous serpent comes to the holy place of the sun and moon


Context:
worpað hine deofol on domsdæge, draca egeslice, bismorlice, of blacere liðran irenum aplum, ealle beoð aweaxen of edwittes iða heafdum

Description:
the non-believer will knocked down by the dragon, the devil, on doomsday.


Text_Name:
The Soul's Address to the Body (Fragment B)

Edition:
The Soul's Address to the Body, Moffat, 1987

Context:
THAr Thu be[on] scalt,/ on deope sATHe, on durelease huse,/ THAr wurmes wAldeTH al [Thet The] wurTHest was

Description:
there you must be, in a deep pit, in a doorless house, there worms control everything that was worthy


Context:
TH[et] THu scoldest mid wurmen [wu]nien in eorTHan.

Description:
You must be with worms, live in the earth


Context:
The sculen nu waxen wurmes besiden,/ [THeo] hungrie feond THeo THe freten wulleTH;/ heo wulleTH frecliche freten for [heom] THin flAsc likeTH;/ heo wulleTH freten THin fule hold THeo hwule heo hit fin[deTH]

Description:
Now the worms must grow beside you, those hungry fiends, they will consume you; they will eagerly consume you for they like your flesh; they will consume your foul corpse while they find it.


Context:
THonne hit al biTH agon geo wulleTH gnawen THine bon,/ THeo orlease wur[mes]. Heo windeTH on THin Armes, geo brekeTH THine breoste and borieTH TH[urh] ofer al/ [heo c]reopeTH in and ut: THet hord is hore owen./ And so heo wulleTH waden wide in THi[ne wom]be. Todelen THine THermes THeo THe deore weren, lifre and THine lihte lod[liche] torenden,/ and so scal formelten mawe and THin milte,/ and so scal THin in….

Description:
When it [the flesh] is all gone, they will gnaw your bones, the pitiless worms. They will wind on your arms, they will break your breast and bore into you all over,/ and creep in and out, that hoard is their own. And so they will move widely in your belly, divide your entrails, they were dear to you, fiercely tear your live and your lung, and so your stomach and your spleen must decay, and so must your…


Context:
THu scalt nu […] [wur]mes of THine flAsce;/ THu scalt fostren THine feons THet THu beo al ifreten; [THu] scalt nu herborwen unhol wihte;/ .../ heo wulleTH wurchen hore hord on THine heauedponne,/ n[ulleTH] heo bileafen THine lippen unfreten/ ac THu scalt grisliche grennien o[n men]

Description:
You must now […] wormes in your flesh, you shall norish the fiends until you are all consumed, you shall now house sick things, [..] they will work on their hoard, on your skull, they will leave your lips undevoured, you must hideously grin.


Context:
nu heo wunieTH on eorTHe, wurmes ham habbeTH todAled,/ isc[end hore] sorgfulle bones THe THeo sunne wrohten.'

Description:
Now they live in earth, worms have shared them, chewed their sorrowful bones with which they wrought sin


Context:
æce æt helleduru dracan eardigað, hate on reðre; heo us helpan ne magon.

Description:
Dragons dwell always at the gates of hell, inflamed and wrathful, they might not help us.


Description:
Here serpents make noise, serpents dwell


Context:
hwilum ic gehere hellescealcas, gnornende cynn, grundas mænan, niðer under næssum; hwilum nacode men winnað ymb wyrmas

Description:
Sometimes I hear skaves of hell calling, mourning this place of pain beneath the earth; sometimes naked men strive with serpents


Context:
nabbað he to hyhte nymþe cyle and fyr, wean and witu and wyrma þreat, dracan and næddran and þone dimman ham.

Description:
They have no hope but frost and fire, torture and pain and teaming serpents, dracan and næddran and a home of darkness.


Context:
ic þe æne abealh, ece drihten, þa wit adam twa eaples þigdon þurh næddran nið, swa wit na ne sceoldon.

Description:
I alone angered you, eternal lord, that we two ate the apple through the evil serpent, Adam and I should not have done.


Context:
Wearp hine þa on wyrmes lic and wand him þa ymbutan þone deaðes beam þurh deofles cræft

Description:
Then he became like a serpent and wound himself around the the tree of death through the craft of the devil


Context:
Lædde hie swa mid ligenum and mid listum speon idese on þæt unriht, oðþæt hire on innan ongan weallan wyrmes geþeaht

Description:
He led her with such lying and enticing speech, the woman into that wrong, until within her the serpent's thoughts began to move


Description:
the stained serpent [decieved me] through his fair words


Context:
manhus witon fæst under foldan, þær bið fyr and wyrm, open ece scræf.

Description:
[man is] mindful of the house of pain secure under the earth, where there is fire and the worm, an open pit of evil.


Context:
Tha nædran sceop nergend usser frea ælmihtig fagum wyrme wide siðas and þa worde cwæð: þu scealt wideferhð werig þinum breostum bearm tredam brade eorðan faran feðeleas, þenden þe feorh wunað, gast on innan. Þu scealt greot etan þine lifdagas

Description:
Then our saviour, the almighty spoke to the serpent, the stained serpent, wide wandering and said these words: You shall go footless on your breast widely, to and fro on the earth while the ghost is in you. You must eat dirt/grit all your life.


Edition:
Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, Dobbie, ASPR, 1942

Manuscript:
Cambridge Corpus Christi College, MS 201

Context:
ðæt reðe flod ræscet fyre and biterlice bærnð ða earman saula, and heora heortan horxlice wyrmas, synscyldigra, ceorfað and slitað.

Description:
That red flood crackles with fire and bitterly burns the hopeless souls, and here the ready worms tear and slit the sin-guilty


Context:
þær beoð þa wanigendan welras gefylde ligspiwelum bryne laðlices fyres, and hy wælgrimme wyrmas slitað and heora ban gnagað brynigum tuxlum.

Description:
There will be the diminishing and contaminated lip, vomiting burning, hateful fire, and there cruel worms slit, gnaw bone with burning tusks/teeth


Context:
Hnæf hleoþrode ða, heaþogeong cyning: 'Ne ðis ne dagað eastan, ne her draca ne fleogeð, ne her ðisse healle hornas ne byrnað.'

Description:
Then Hnaef spoke, the battle-young king, 'This is not a day in the East, nor is a dragon flying here, nor are the gables of a hall burning here.


Context:
Draca sceal on hlæwe, frod, frætwum wlanc.

Description:
A dragon must have a mound/barrow, wise, proud in ornaments.


Context:
þis is seo wyrt seo wiþ wyrm gefeaht, þeos mæg wið attre, heo mæg wið onflyge, heo mæg wið ðam laþan ðe geond lond fereþ.

Description:
This is the herb that battles with the serpent, this is power against poison, power against infection, power against the loathsome fiend that goes far over the land.


Description:
The serpent came sneaking, he slew a man


Context:
ða genam Woden VIIII wuldortanas, sloh ða þa næddran, þæt heo on VIIII tofleah.

Description:
Then Woden called nine wonder-twigs, then he slew the serpent so that it flew in nine directions.


Context:
Crist stod ofer adle ængan cundes. Ic ana wat ea rinnende þær þa nygon nædran nean behealdað

Description:
Christ stood over disease of every kind. I alone know the running water, the nine serpents behold it near at hand


Context:
þonne lichoma ligeð, lima wyrm fiteþ,
ac him wenne gewigeð ond þa wist geþygeð, oþþæt beoþ þa ban [gebrosnad on] on, ond æt nyhstan nan nefne se neda tan balawun her gehloten.

Description:
The body lies, the worm devours the limbs, has delight and recieves the feast


Edition:
The Vercelli Homilies and Related Texts, Scragg, EETS, 1992

Context:
þære syndon þa undeaðlican wyrmas þe næfre ne sweltað, þæt fyr ne bið næfre adwæsced, ac hit to widan feore byrneð, eowra synna on eowrum sawlum þær byrnað.

Description:
There are the immortal worms that never die a violent death, that fire is never extinguished, but it burns far and wide, after your death you will burn there for your sins


Context:
Hafað him þonne syððan þry gebeddan, þæt is þonne greot & molde & wyrmas.

Description:
After then you will have three things, that is the grit, the earth and the worms


Context:
se deaðberenda draca & diofla forwyrd & se nearwa seaþ & se swearta deaþ & se byrnenda grund & se blodiga stream

Description:
the death-bearing dragon and destruction of the devil and the lake of confinement and the black of death and the burning ground and the stream of blood


Context:
þara folca wop ond se scamienda here & sio forglendrede hell & þara wyrma gryre.

Description:
there the weeping of people and their shame is eaten up by hell and the terror of serpents


Context:
þonne þa[m] lichoman bið laðlic leger gegyrwed, in þære cealdan foldan gebrosnod, & þæt læne lic þær gerotaþ to fulnese & þam wælslitendan wyrmum to æte.

Description:
When the hateful body, adorned, lies in the cold earth decaying and that transitory body rots to foulness and the corpse-rending worms eat it.


Context:
þa þe her bioð þa mæstan dryicgan & scinlacan & gealdor cræftigan & lyblacan, ne cumaþ þa næfre of þæra wyrma seaðe & of þæs dracan ceolan þe is Satan nemned.

Description:
The one who is a great sourcerer, and a witch and a spell-weaver and performs magic will not go to the pit of serpents but to the throat of the dragon that is called Satan


Context:
lætaþ hine to me. Ne sie he næfre wyrma mete, ne to grimmum geolstre mote wyrðan.

Description:
[angel speaking] 'leave it to me. He will never be food for worms, nor grim diseased matter to come


Context:
La, ðu eorðan lamb & dust & wyrma gifel, & þu wambscyldinga fætels & gealstor & fulnes & hræw, hwig forgeate ðu me & þa toweardan tide?

Description:
Lo, the loam earth and dust and food for worms and the vessels of sin and diseased matter and foulness and carcase, why did you forget me and the approaching time?


Context:
Eala, ðu deað, hwi noldest ðu niman wyrma mete, forlætan me fram þam fulan geolstre & þam treowleasan flæsce?

Description:
Alas, you death, why would you be food for worms, release me from the foul diseased matter and the faithless flesh


Context:
Eala, ðu wyrma gecow & wulfes geslit & fugels geter & þu þe wære Godes andsaca swa lange swa ic on ðe wunode

Description:
Alas, the worm's chewing and the wolf's slicing and the bird's tearing and you that were God's enemy as long as I remained


Context:
Ac of þære oferfylle cumað þa unrihtan lustas gelice & on meresteallum wyrmas tyddriað & of ðære gemetegunge god wiorc gelice & of clænre eorðan gode wæstmas.

Description:
but just as their wrongful pleasure comes of gluttony, as worms reproduce in standing pools, and just as their moderation good work  and of clean earth comes good fruit


Context:
þi we syndon deadlice men & to duste sceolon on worulde wyrðan, wyrmum to æte, & of eorðan sceolon eft arisan on domes dæge, & dryhtne sylfum eall ætywan þæt we ær dydon.

Description:
we are mortal men and to dust we much go in this world, to be eaten by worms, and from the earth to arise on Doomsday, and the lord shall reveal all that we have done for ourselves.


Description:
[as part of a list] the death-bearing dragon


Context:
þara folca wop & se scamienda here & seo byrnende hell & þara wyrma gryre.

Description:
the weeping of people, and their shamefulness there, and the burning in hell and the horror of serpents


Context:
þonne <þam> lichoman byþ ladlic leger gegyred, innan þære cealdan eorðan gebrosnad, & þæt læne lic gerotaþ to fulnesse, & þam wælslitendum wyrmum to æte.

Description:
when the hateful body lies, adorned, decaying in the cold earth and the transitory body rots to foulness, and the corpse-rending worms eat it


Context:
þær mid deoflum drohtnian on morðre & on mane, on susle & on sare, on wean & on wyrmum, betweox deadum & deoflum, on bryne & on biternesse

Description:
There way of life with devils in murder and crime, in tourment and sorrow, in misery and serpents, in burning and in bitterness


Context:
Semninga þa ut eodon of þam scrafe manige dracan, þæt mitte ðe denum hy locedon on Egypta dune, & hie wæron swiðe gefeonde.

Description:
Suddenly many dragons came out of the cave, when that… looked down to the valley from the high dune of Egypt and they were very joyful


Context:
Nu bidde we eow & myndgiaþ þæt ge don soðe dædbote eowra synna, for þon hell hafað seofon witu: þæt forme wite is ece hungor, oþer is ece þurst, þridde is ece cyle, feorþe is fyres hæto, fifte is ece wyrma slite, syxte is ece fulnes, seofoþe ece smyc & þrosm.

Description:
Now we bid you and remember that you do true penetance for your sins. For hell has seven punishments: that first punishment is eternal hunger, another is eternal thirst, third is eternal chill, forth is the hot fire, fifth is the serpent's slice, sixth is eternal foulness, seventh is eternal smoke and vapour


Context:
Siþðan hine mon gebringæþ æt ham, hafaþ him þonne syþðan þreo gebeddan, þæt bið greot & molde & wyrmas.

Description:
Afterwards the man will be brought to a dwelling, afterwards there he will have three things, that are the grit and the earth and the worms.


Context:
La hwæt, we us huruþinga ne ondrædaþ þæt we dæghwæmlice geseoþ beforan urum eahum ure nehstan sweltan, & þenne þæm lænan lichoman bið laðlic legerbed gegearwod & in þære caldan foldan lið gebrosnod, & þæt læne lic þær weorþeð to fylnesse & grimmum gylstre & þæm wælslitendan wyrmum to mete.

Description:
Oh listen, we especially dread that daily we see in front of our eyes our near death, and then the transitory body shall be in the adorned bed, and in the hateful cold earth decay and there that transitory body warps to foulness and grim diseased matter and is food for corpse-slitting worms.


Context:
Hwæt, þæt þonne bið sarlic sar & earmlic gedal lices & saule gif se earma innera mon, seo sawul, sceal slidan in þa ecean helle & in þa ecean witu mid ðone awergdan gast Antecrist, & þær mid deofle drohtnaþ habban, in morþre & in mane, in susle & in sare, on wean & on wyrmum, betweonan deaþum & deoflum

Description:
Listen, they shall be in painful sorrow and wretched seperation of the body and if the inner soul of the wretched man, the soul, must fall into eternal hell and in the eternal torment with the cursed spirit the Anti-Christ, and there with the devils have a way of life in murder and in crime, in torment and in sorrow, in misery and in serpents, between death and devils [etc]


Context:
& in fæþme þæs beornendan dracan se þe is deoful cweden.

Description:
and in the lap of the burning Dragon that is called the devil


Edition:
The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boethius, Krapp, ASPR, 1932

Manuscript:
Bibliotheque Nationale, Fonds Latin 8824

Context:
Sealde erucan, yfelan wyrme, let hiora wyrta wæstme forslitan, and hiora gram gewinn hæfdan gærshoppan.

Description:
He sent the caterpillar, the evil insect, it devours and hinders the growth of plants, and he had a grim contest from locusts


Context:
And heora tungan torncwidum neode serwað, swa oft nædran doð, and him aspidas, ætrene wyrmas, under welerum is gewunad fæste.

Description:
And the tongue desires to devise distressing words, as often serpents do, and the asps, poisonous serpents, under their lips it is stored securely


Edition:
Old English Herbarium and Medicina de Quadrupedibus, de Vriend, EETS, 1984

Manuscript:
British Library, Cotton Vitellius C. iii.


Description:
For the worms that injure around the navel


Context:
Gif men innan wyrmas eglen genim wægbrædan seaw, cnuca & wring & syle him supan & nim ða sylfan wyrte, gecnuca, lege on þone naflan & wrið þærto swyðe fæste.

Description:
If worms trouble a man inside, take waybread juice, pound and wring and give him to drink, and take the the same plant, pound, lay on the navel and tie it to them strong and fast.


Context:
Wiþ wyrmum on eagum genim beolonan sæd, scead on gleda, do twa bleda fulle wæteres to, sete on twa healfe & site þær ofer, bræd þonne þæt heafod hider & geond ofer þæt fyr & þa bleda eac, þonne sceadaþ þa wyrmas on þæt wæter.

Description:
For worms in the eyes, take seed of henbane, scatter them onto embers, add two saucers full of water, set them on two sides and let him sit over them, shake the head side to side over the fire and the saucers also, then the worms will shed into the water.


Context:
Læcedomas wið eallum earena sare & ece & wið earena adeafunge & gif wyrmas on earan synd oþþe earwicga & gif earan dynien & earsealfa, fiftyne cræftas.

Description:
Leechdoms for all sore of ears and ache and for deafness of the ears and if worms are in the ears or an earwig, and if the ears din, and ear salves, fifteen recipies.


Context:
Gif wyrmas on earan syn genim eorðgeallan grenes seaw oþþe hunan seaw oþþe wermodes seaw swilc þara an swa þu wille, geot þæt seaw on þæt eare.

Description:
If there are worms in the ears take juice of green earth-gall or hound? Juice or wormwood's juice, whichever of these things you will, pour that juice in the ear.


Context:
Genim angeltwæccean gehalne lege on þa stope þær hit aþruten sie & bewneoh fæste ufan mid leafum.

Description:
Take an angling worm, lay it on where the swollen spot and bind it from above fast with leaves


Context:
Gif hit healsgund bið se wyrm wyrð to eorþan, gif hit ne bið he biþ gehal

Description:
If it turns to the earth it is a struma, if it is not he will be well


Context:
Wið toþ wærce, gif wyrm ete genim eald holenleaf & heorotcrop neoþeweardne & saluian ufewearde, bewyl twy dæl on wætre, geot on bollan & geona ymb.

Description:
For tooth ache, if a worm eats [the tooth], take an old holly leaf and the lower part of a bunch of hartwort and the upper part of sage, boil two parts in water, pour into a bowl and be over it


Context:
Gif wyrm ete þa teð genim ofer geare holenrinde & eoforþrotan moran, wel on swa hatum, hafa on muþe swa hat swa þu hatost mæge.

Description:
If a worm eats the teeth take holly rind over a year and thistle roots, boil in well heat, have in the mouth as hot as you might have.


Context:
Wiþ toðwyrmum genim acmela & beolonan sæd & weax, ealra emfela, meng tosomne, wyrc to weax candelle & bærn, læt reocan on þone muð.

Description:
For tooth-worm, take acorn meal and henbane seed and wax, all equally as much, mingle together, work into a wax candle and burn, let it reek into the mouth


Context:
Do blæc hrægl under, þonne feallaþ þa wyrmas on

Description:
Put a black robe under, the worms will fall onto it


Context:
Gif hwa drince wyrm on wætere, of sniðe sceap raðe, drince hat þæt sceapes blod

Description:
If you drink a worm in water, cut a sheep immediately, drink the hot sheep's blood


Context:
Gif anawyrm on men weaxe smire mid þære blacan sealfe.

Description:
If an intestinal worm grows in a man, smear with black salve


Context:
Sealf wið anawyrme, þus mon sceal wyrcean, genim quinquefolian þæt is fifleafe, rudan, wyl on buteran, geswet mid hunige.

Description:
A salve for an intestinal worm, a man shall work it this way, take quinquefolian that is five-leaved, rue, boil in butter, sweeten with honey


Context:
Drenc wið þon, rædices sæd & caules gnid on eala oþþe on win, drince wiþ anawyrme lange & gelome oþ þæt sel sie.

Description:
A drink against that, rub radish seed and caul into ale or otherwise wine, drink long against the intestinal worm and frequently until that is made good


Context:
Wiþ þeorwyrme on fet nim þa readan netlan, gecnua, do wæter to, lege on hatne stan, læt afreoþan, bind on þone fot neahterne.

Description:
Against a worm in a boil in the foot take red nettle, beat, add to water, lay it on a hot stone, let it froth, bind on the foot for the night time.


Context:
Wiþ þam wyrmum þe innan eglað þam men genim wegbrædan, getrifula & þæt seaw sele on cuclere supan & þa wyrt selfe swa gecnuwade lege on þone nafolan.

Description:
For the worm which troubles inside a man, take way-bread, grind and give that juice on a spoon to sip and that wort itself, as pounded together, lay on the navel


Context:
Wið cilda innoþes wyrmum genim grene mintan ænne gelm, gedo on þry sestras wæteres, seoð oþ þriddan dæl, aseoh, þonne sele drincan.

Description:
For worms in the innards of a child, take one handful of green mint, put into three vessels of water, boil over three days, strain, give to drink.


Context:
Wið wyrmum þe innan eglað, geældes heortes hornes, ahsan oððe dust gemeng wið hunig, gesmire mid þone bæcþearm & þone nafolan mid þy, þonne feallað hie.

Description:
For worms troubling the innards, mingle with honey the ashes or dust of a burnt hart's horn, smear with the entrails and the navel with them, then they fall away


Context:
Wið wyrmum þe innan eglað getrifolad cost to duste, gedo godne dæl in hat wæter, sele drincan.

Description:
For worms troubling the innards, grind costmary to dust, put a good deal into hot water, give to drink


Context:
Wiþ wyrmum eft, gate tord heard & swiðe drige gemeng & gegnid wiþ hunig, sele drincan.

Description:
For worms again, take hard and dry goat's dung and mingle and take with honey, give to drink


Context:
Wið wyrmum þe innan eglað eft, redic seoð on wætre oþ þone þriddan dæl, menge wiþ win, sele drincan.

Description:
For worms that trouble the innards, boil in water three parts of radish, mingle with wine, give to drink.


Context:
Wiþ wyrmum þe innan eglað, wyrtdrenc of ontran, of feldmoran, sele drincan.

Description:
For worms which trouble the innards, a herb-drink of radish, of field-root, give to drink


Context:
Wiþ þam smalan wyrme, wiþewindan twig foreweard & þa fealwan doccan, næs þa readan, & þis greate sealt gebeaten togædere swiðe smale & lytel buteran.

Description:
For a small worm, [take] the forepart of a twig of wiþewind and a dock of fallow, not a red one, and beat together this course salt [until?] very small and [with] a little butter


Context:
Viþ hondwyrmum & deawwyrmum genim doccan oððe clatan þa þe swimman wolde, þa wyrttruman meng wið fletan & wið sealt, læt standan þreo niht & þy feorþan dæge, smire mid þa saran stowa.

Description:
For handworm and ringworm, take dock or clot (burr) that would swim, mingle the root with cream and with salt, let it stand for three nights and the fourth day, smear the place with the salve


Context:
Gif wyrm hand ete genim merscmeargeallan & reade netlan & reade doccan & smæle clifan, wyl on cubuteran.

Description:
If a worm eats the hand take merscmeargealla and red nettle and red dock and small bur, boil in cow's butter.


Context:
Wiþ deawwyrme stæppe on hat col, cele mid wætre, stæppe on swa hat swa he hatost mæge.

Description:
For ringworm, step on hot coal, cool with water, step on the heat the hottest he may.


Context:
Gif wamb forweaxe on men, finol, cost, elehtre allorlaþe, cerlices sæd, wyrm melo on ealað sele drincan

Description:
Give for swelling of the belly in a man, fennel, costmary, charlock seed, worm meal in ale, give to drink


Context:
Wiþ wambe wyrmum nim þa miclan sinfullan, wring þæt seaw of feower lytle bollan fulle on wines anum bollan fullum swa miclum, sele drincan, þæt deah wiþ wambe wyrmum.

Description:
For womb worms take the large house-leek, wring the juice, four little bowls full, in one bowl full of wine (as much as the others), give to drink, that avails with womb worms


Context:
Gif wyrmas sien on eagum scearpa þa bræwas innan, do on þa scearpan celeþonian seaw.

Description:
If worms are in the eyes, scrape the inside of the eye-lid put celandine juice on the scrapes.


Description:
The worms will be dead and the eyes healed


Context:
Gif wyrmas sien on earan do belenan seaw wearm on þa wyrmas.

Description:
If worms are in the ears put warm henbane juice on the worms


Context:
Gif wyrmas beoþ on mannes innoðe wyl on buteran grene rudan, drinc on neahtnestig scenc fulne.

Description:
If worms are in a man's innards, boil green rue in butter, drink in the night time a cup full


Context:
Gif sinwe syn forcorfene nim renwyrmas, gecnuwa wel, lege on oþ þæt hi hale synd.

Description:
If the sinew is cut down, take earthworms, pound well, lay onto that until they are restored


Context:
Wið smeawyrme smiring, nim swines geallan & fisces geallan & hrefnes geallan & haran geallan, meng tosomne, smire þa dolh mid, blaw mid hreode on ðæt seaw on þæt dolh, cnua þonne heorotbrembelleaf, lege on þa dolh.

Description:
An ointment for penetrating worms, take swine's bile and fish's bile and [crab or raven's] bile and hare's bile, mingle together, smear the wound with it, blow the juice into that wound with a reed, beat buckthorn leaf, lay that on the wound.


Context:
Wyrc beþinge to þon ilcan, nim æpsrinde & wirrinde, cwicrinde, slahþornrinde, wirrinde, bercrinde, cnua <ealle> þa rinda, wyl on cysehwæge, þweah mid & beþe þæt lim þe se wyrm on sie & æfter þære beþinge adrig & smire mid þære sealfe & blaw þa sealfe on þa dolh & lege ða brembelleaf on, do swa on dæge ðriwa on sumera & on wintra twiwa.

Description:
Work another medicine for the same, take aspen bark and myrtle bark, quickbeam bark, hawthorn bark, myrtle, birch bark, pound all the bark, boil in cheese whey, wash with and bathe the limb where the wyrm is, after that washing dry and smear with the salve and blow the salve onto the wound and lay a bramble leaf on it. Do this three times in the day in summer and twice in winter.


Context:
Siþþan hie gesmyred synd seo sealf wile ærest þa dolh ryman & þæt deade flæsc of etan & þone swile aþwænan & þone wyrm þær on deadne gedeþ oþþe cwicne ofdrifð & þa dolh gelacnað.

Description:
After the salve is smeared on it will first enlarge the wound and eat the dead flesh and then soften the swelling and the worms put to death in there are dead, or otherwise driven away and the wound healed


Context:
þonne feallað þa ficwyrmas on þa beþinge.

Description:
Then the fig-worms will fall onto the mixture


Context:
Hyt wundorlicum gemete þæra earena sar afligð & eac swa same þeah þær wyrmas on beon, hyt hy acwelleð

Description:
It is wonderous how properly it drives away pain of the ears and also the same if there are worms there, they are killed


Context:
Wið þæt wyrmas ymb nafolan dergen do ealswa we her beforan cwædon

Description:
For  worms that do harm around the navel


Context:
seoð on wætere to ðriddan dæle, heo ða wyrmas ut <awyrpð>.

Description:
cook in water for three days, it will cast the worms out


Context:
Wið rengwyrmas abutan nafolan genim þas ylcan wyrte marubium & wermod & elehtran, ealra þyssa wyrta gelice fela be gewihte, seoð on geswetton wætere & mid wine twie oððe þriwa lege to þam nafolan.

Description:
For worms about the navel, take that same herb marabium and wormwood and lupine all these herbs equally as much, boil in sweetened water and twice or three times lay it on the navel that is with pain.


Context:
Wiþ ðæt rængcwyrmas dergen ymb nafolan genim þas wyrte þe man solago minor & oþrum naman æliotropion nemneð gedrigede, cnuca to duste, syle drincan on wearmum wætere.

Description:
For worms that trouble around the navel, take this herb, the one solago minor, and another called Aliotropion, dried, pound to dust, give to drink in warm water.


Context:
þeah ðær beon wyrmas on acennede hi þurh ðis sceolon beon acwealde.

Description:
If there are worms produced, then they must be killed.


Context:
Wið þæt ymb þæne nafolan syn rengwyrmas genim þas ylcan wyrte hinnulan , cnuca on wine, lege to þam innoðe.

Description:
For those worms that be around the navel, take the same herb hinnula, pound in wine, lay on the stomach


Context:
Wið þæra wyrma slite þe man spalangiones nemneð genim þysse sylfan wyrte seaw þæs wyrtwalan þe we hederam nemdun, syle drincan.

Description:
When these worms, named spalangio [a poisonous spider] bites a man, take the juice of the root of this herbs, named hedarum, give to drink.


Context:
Wið þæt rengwyrmas ymbe þone nafolan derigen genim þas ylcan wyrte absinthium & harehunan & elechtran, ealra gelice mycel, seoð on geswettum wætere oþþe on wine, lege tuwa oððe þriwa to þam nafolan.

Description:
For those worms that cause trouble around the navel, take these same herbs; absinthan, harehune and elechtran, all equally as much, boil in sweet water or in wine, lay twice or three times on the navel


Context:
Wiþ þæt rengwyrmas ymb ðone nafolan wexen genim þas wyrte þe man coliandrum & oðrum naman þam gelice cellendre nemneð, seoð on ele to þryddan dæle, do to þam sare & eac to ðam heafode.

Description:
When those worms grow around the navel, take this herb the one 'coliandrum', and another that is named like cellendre, boil in oil for three days, put on the complaint and also on the head.


Context:
Wið þæt wyrmas ymb ðone nafolan derigen genim þas wyrte lupinum montanum gecnucude, syle drincan on ecede anne scenc fulne.

Description:
For those worms that trouble around the navel, take the herb lupinum montanum, pound, give in oil one cup full to to drink


Context:
Butan yldingce heo ða wyrmas ut awyrpeð.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: VI: Octabas Et Circumcisio Domini

Edition:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, First Series, Clemoes, EETS, 1997

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 198
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C. v
Cambridge, University Library Gg. 3. 28
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 188
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 178 & Corpus Christi College 162
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114

Context:
Oft halige menn wunedon on westene betwux reþum wulfum ond leonum; betwux eallum deorcynne ond wyrmcynne.

Description:
Often holy men remain in the wilderness between fierce wolves and lions, between all of animal-kind and serpent-kind


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: VIII: Dominica III Post Epiphania Domini

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambride, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
Cambridge CCC, 198
Cambridge CCC, 162
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v. 
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28.
Cambridge, University Library Ii.4.6.
London, BL, Cotton Faustina A.ix.
Cambridge, CCC 188


Context:
ðær næfre heora wyrm ne swylt: ne heora fyr ne bið adwæsced.

Description:
There their serpent will never die, their flames will never be quelled


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XVI: Dominica I Post Pasca

Manuscript:
Cambridge Corpus Christi College, MS 188

Context:
Eac swilce þas wurmas þe wyrcað þas sidan wide geond þas woruld to ælcum godewebbe

Description:
Also, like the worms work the silk widely throughout the world to all fine cottons


Context:
þonne deþ man þe dust on leadenum dihsum ond sett ongean þa sunnan ond hi swa acuciað ælc dust to wyrme swa swa hi ær wæron

Description:
Then a man puts them [dead silkworms] in lead arrangements and sets them in the sun and each one returns to a worm, just as they were before.


Context:
Nu is full swutol bysen on ðisum syllicum wurmum þe of ðam duste acuciað.

Description:
Now the pattern is fully clear, this wonderous worm is revived of the dust.


Context:
ðonne wehst an lytel wyrm of his flæsce eft & wyrð þonne to fugole gefiðerhamod eall on ða ylcan wisan ðe se oðer ær wæs. & lyfað eallswa lange swa swa se oðer lyfode.

Description:
Then comes again a little worm out of his flesh and then it becomes a bird, all feather-clad, as the other one was.
[in ref. to a pheonix]


Context:
Heora heafda beoð mannes heafdum gelice, and hi habbað tæglas þam wyrmum gelice, þe men <hatað> þrowend.

Description:
They have heads like men's heads, and their tails are like those from serpents, men call them scorpions.


Context:
ðær is benda bite and dynta dyne, þær is wyrma slite and ealra wædla gripe, þær is wanung and granung, þær is yrmða gehwylc and ealra deofla geþring

Description:
There is the bite of bonds and the din of the sound of blows. there is the slit of serpents and also the grasp of poverty, there is wailing and groaning, there is misery for everyone, and always a throng of devils.


Context:
And gif ge nellað þyssum gewritum gelefan, ic sende ofer eow wyrmas and fuhlas wedende, and þa fordoð eowre blæde, þe ge bi libban scylan, and heo beoð eow æteowode.

Description:
And if you will not believe these writings, I will send over to you serpents and furious birds, and


Context:
ðu us dehete godcunde gebedo and clæne fæsten and gastlice wæccan, and þu hit us aluge; and þu nystest þe sylfum ane tid dæges witod lif æfter urum deaðe, and þu ne mihtest him wiðstandan mid þinum golde ne mid þinum seolfre, ne, þeah þu ahtest eall þysne middaneard to æhte, þæt þu ne sceoldest wyrmum to mete and to gebeddan weorðan and wreon þe mid þære cealdan eorðan, þær ðu sceoldest to fule and to fracoðe weorðan and to <laðlicre> ansyne eallum þinum freondum

Description:
You direct us in sacred prayer and clean fast and spiritual work, and you meet


Context:
Ac þu his scealt nu her wite habban on þære grimman helle mid deoflum and mid dracum and mid wælslitendum wyrmum and mid þam grummestan suselcwale a on ecnysse.

Description:
But now you must have punishment here in grim hell with devils and with dragons and with corpse-slitting serpents and with the grimmest tormenting death forever in eternity.


Context:
Ne mæg us þonne ure gold ne ure seolfer gefylstan of þæm wælgrimmum tintregum & þæm unadwæscedlicum ligum & þæm undeadlicum wyrmum þa hwettað hyra blodigan teð to þon þæt hig butan ælcre mildheortnisse ure lichoman wundian & slitan

Description:
After than neither our gold or our silver are able to give help to us from the bloodthirsty torment and unquenchable flames and the immortal serpents which whet their bloody teeth as, against every mercy, they wound and slit our earthly body.


Context:
Eala þu earma, nu þu byst geoworden þæt fuleste hreaw & wyrma mete.

Description:
Alas, you wretched ones, now you have become the foulest body and food for worms.


Context:
And nu men ða leofestan, ondrædan we us ðara awiergedra deofla sweartnesse and hellebrogan hiora dracona fulnesse and hiora wyrma grædignesse and wildeora reðnesse and hiora susla micelnesse and hiora ða ecean witu.

Description:
And now beloved men, we dread the wickedness of devils, the blackness and terror of hell, the foulness of their dragons, the greed of their serpents and the fierceness of wild beasts, the the greatness of their tourments, and their eternal punishment


Context:
Eala þær þonne bið ormetlic seað mid ðam deoflum and næfre ða wyrmas ne sweltað ðe on ðam seaðe wuniað

Description:
Then all there will be is an immense pit with the devils and the serpents will never kill you who dwells in that pit.


Context:
þar heora wyrmas ne sweltað næfre, ne heora fyr þar næfre adwæsced ne byð

Description:
There those serpents will never die, those fires will never be quenched.


Context:
& he sæde eac þæt sume wyrmas wæren & sume fiscas þe hæfden an heafod & monigne steort.

Description:
And he also said that there were certain serpents and certain fish that have one head and many tails.


Context:
Ic eam wyrme gelicra ðonne men, for þam ic eom worden mannum to <leahtrunge>, and to forsewennesse, and ic eom utaworpen fram him of heora gesomnunga, swa þes wyrm.


Context:
Þar hyra wyrm ne swylt & fyr ne bið acwenced.

Description:
There the serpents will never die and the fire cannot be quenched.
(repeated refrain, every other line)


Context:
Hwylc eower bitt his fæder hlafes, segst þu sylð he him stan, oððe gif he byt fisces sylð he him næddran for fisce, oððe gyf he bit æg, segst þu ræcð he him scorpionem , þæt is an wyrmcynn.

Description:
Which father of you if asked for bread, says you must give him a stone, or if he asks for fish you must give a snake for a fish, or if he asks for egg, you extend a scorpion to him, that is of serpent-kind.


Context:
þa wæs þæt æfterre þæt froxas comon geond eall Egypta land, swa fela þæt man ne mihte nan weorc wyrcan, ne nanne mete gegyrwan, þæt þara wyrma nære emfla þæm mete, ær he gegearwod wære.

Description:
Then after that frogs came throughout all the land of Egypt, so many that no man was able to undertake any work, not any food food was prepared, then there was not equally as many of the serpents as food, before they were ready.


Context:
Hu wenað hie hu ðam wære þe on Alexandres onwalde wæron, þa him ða <swa> swiðe hiene ondredan þe on westeweardum þisses middangeardes wæron þæt hie on swa micle neþinge, & on swa micel ungewiss, ægðer ge on sæs fyrhto, ge on westennum wildeora & wyrmcynna missenlicra, ge on þeoda gereordum, þæt hie hiene æfter friþe sohton on easteweardum þeosan middangearde.

Description:
…. Then he that was very humble dreaded when, in the west of this middle-earth that they were in such daring and in such ignorance, either you in trembling seas, you in the wilderness of various wild beasts and serpent-kind, you in the voices of people, that they seek humble peace after in the East of this middle-earth


Context:
þa wearð hiere mid anum wierpe an ribb forod, þæt hio siþþan mægen ne hæfde hie to gescildanne, ac raðe þæs hio wearð ofslagen; for þon hit is nædrena gecynd þæt heora mægen & hiera feþe bið on heora ribbum, swa oþerra creopendra wyrma bið on heora fotum.


Context:
And se deofol hire andswerode and cwæð: Ic minne broþor Rufonem to þe gesænde on dracan gelice, þæt he sceolde þe fordon, and nu hæfst þu hine mid Cristes rodentacn ofslagen, and ic wat, þæt þu me mid þinum gebedum ofslean wilt.

Description:
And the devil answered her and said: I send my brother Rufus to you in the likeness of a dragon, so that he might kill you, and now you have slain him with the sign of Christ's cross, and I know that you wish to slay me with your prayers.


Context:
þa eode ut of þæs karcernnes hwomme swiþe egeslic draca missenlices hiwes. His loccas and his beard wæron gylden geþuhte, and his teþ wæron swilc swa asniden isen, and his egan scinan swa searagym, and ut æt his nosu eode micel smoca, and his <tunga> eþode, and micel fulnesse he dyde on þæm karcernne.

Description:
Then suddenly out of the corner of the prison came a terrible dragon [adorned] with various colours. His hair and his heard were golden and his teeth were as strong as the sharpest iron, and his eyes were shining like precious stones, and out of his nose came much smoke, his tongue breathed and he caused much foulness in the prison.


Context:
ða wæs geworden micel leoht on þæm þystran karcerne of ðæm fyre þe ut eode of þæs dracan muþe

Description:
Then much light was cast out into the dim prison from the fire which was emitted from the dragon's mouth.


Context:
Seo halgæ femnæ wæs þa geworden swiþe fyrht and gebigde hire cneowu on eorþan and aþenoda hire honda on gebede and þus cwæð : God ælmihti, adwysc þises miclan dracan mægen and gemildsa me þearfendra and earfoþra and ne læt ðu me næfre forwyrðan, ac gescyld me wiþ þys wilddeor.

Description:
The holy woman was then overcome with such fear and bowed her knee onto the earth and stretched out her hands in prayer and said: almighty God, appease this great dragon with your power? and pity me, poor and troubled and do not let me perish, but protect me from this wild beast.


Context:
And mid þam þe heo þus gebæd hig to Crist, se draca sette his muþ ofer þære halgan fæmnan heafod and hi forswealh.

Description:
And while she was praying this to Christ, the dragon set his mouth over the holy woman's head and he swallowed her.


Context:
Ac Cristes rodetacen, þe seo halga Margareta worhte innan <þæs> dracan innoþe, seo hine toslat on twæigen dælas, and seo halgæ fæmna eode ut of þæs dracan innoþe ungewæmmed.

Description:
But the sign of Christ's cross, the holy Margaret made within the dragon's innards, she cut that part in two, and the holy woman went out of that dragon's innards unharmed.


Context:
Nu ic geseo minne geleafan blowende and mine sawle anlyht and þysne dracan acwealdne licgean.

Description:
Now I see my faith florish and my soul shining and this dragon lies dead.


Context:
Ic sende to þe Hrufum, minne broþur, on dracan gelicnesse, to þam þæt he þe forswulge and þinne mægþhad and þinne wlite forlure and þin gemynd of eorþan <adylige>.

Description:
I send my brother Hrufum to you in the likeness of a dragon, so that he might devour you and your chastity and destroy your beauty and destroy your memory of earth?


Context:
Blisson we on heofonas and on ða þe on heofnum sint for ðon ðe Sanctus michael he is strong feohtend wið þone miclan dracan, þæt is ðonne wið ðam awyrgedum gæstum.

Description:
We in the heavens are blissful and they are in the heavens for as Saint Michael was a strong warrior against the great dragon, they were such with the accursed souls.


Context:
þis is se halga heahengel, Sanctus Mihael se ðe ær þisse worulde ende ofslihð þone ealdan feond þæt is se micla dracan se ðe æt frymðe middangardes gesceapen wæs to ðam beorhtestan engle.

Description:
This is the holy archangel, Saint Michael, the one who previously at the end of the world slew the old fiend which is the great dragon, the one who previously at the beginning of the creation of middle-earth was the brightest angel.


Context:
Sio helle hafað iserne weal and xii siðum hio beliet ða helle, and ofer þam xii fealdum þara wealla wæron xii dracan fyrene.

Description:
Hell has walls of iron and 12 paths? ….? And over the 12 fields there is a wall of 12 flaming dragons.


Context:
Se grimma engel <sendeð> þa synfullan sawla þam ytemestan draca, and he hi forsweolgeð and eft aspiweð þam niðeran dracan, swa hira æghwylc sendeð oðrum in muð þa sawla ðe bioð gebundene mid þam bendum ðara eahta synne ealdorlicra.

Description:
The grim angel sends the sinful of soul to the last dragon, and the dragon swallows them then throws them up the


Context:
Se ytemesta draca, þæt is þæt ealdordeoful, se <lihð> gebunden onbecling mid raceteage reades fyres, to tacne Cristes rode, in hellegrunde.

Description:
The last dragon, that is the prince of devils, the dishonoured one bound behind with chains of red fire, to the sign of Christ's cross, in the depths of hell.


Context:
and þær biþ hungor and þurst an hellesuslum, and geomerung and þoterung and þæt wyrste wyrmcyncg eal byrnende and dracan kin þe næfre ne sweortaþ

Description:
And there with hunger and thirst in hell-suffering, and groaning and howling, and that cruel serpent-kind, all burning and dragon kin


Context:
ðe deoflu hi ða læddon and bescuton hi anum fyrenan dracan innan þone muð, and he hi þærrihte forswealh and eft aspaw on þa hatostan brynas hellewites.

Description:
Then the devils took them and flung them into the mouth of the one firey dragon, and he immediately swallowed them and afterwards he spewed them into the hottest flame of the depths of hell.


Context:
On swyltcwale and in sarum sorgum, in fyrenum bryne and on fulnesse, in toða <gristbitum> and in tintregum, in angmodnysse earmra sawle, on cyle and on wanunge, in hungre and in þurste, on <hæte> and in earfoðnesse, in neowlum attre and in ecere forwyrde, <in> <arleasnysse> and in muslicum wita cynne, on muðe and on fæðme þæs deaðberendan dracan, þe is deofol genemned.

Description:
In death and in painful cares, in burning fires and in foulness, in gnashing teeth and in torment, in sorrow of the wretched soul, in cold and in lamentation, in hunger and in thirst, in heat and in hardship, in the poison in the pit and in painful ruin, in wickedness and in a variety of cruel things, in the mouth and in embrace of the death-bearing dragon which is named devil.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XVIII: In Letania Maiore

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambride, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
London, BL, Cotton Vespasian D.xiv
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
London, BL, Cotton Cleopatra B.xiii
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Cambridge, CCC 302
Cambridge, CCC 188
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114
Cambridge, Trinity College B.15.34
Cambridge, CCC 421

Context:
He cwæð þa oðer bispel: hwilc fæder wile syllan his cylde stan. gif hit him hlafes bitt? oððe nædran: gif hit fisces bitt? oððe þone wyrm þrowend gif hit æges bit.

Description:
He said the other story: which father will give his child a stone, if it prays for bread? Or a serpent, if it prays for a fish? Or a scorpion wyrm if it prays for an egg.


Context:
Se wyrm þrowend: þe is geset ongean þæt æig: is ættren. & slihð mid þam tægle to deaðe.

Description:
The wyrm scorpion: he is position opposite to the egg, is poisonous, and strikes with that tail to death.


Context:
symle we sceolon þæs gode þancian, & his naman bletsian, þonne bið ure hiht gehealden wið þæs wyrmes slege.

Description:
always we must thank God and bless his name, it is our hope that protects from the scorpion's sting.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XXVIII: Dominica Undecima Post Pentecosten

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambride, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 162
London, BL, Cotton Vespasian D.xiv
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, CCC 188
Cambridge, Trinity College B.15.34

Context:
He wand ða swa swa wyrm ne mihte geþolian þa egeslican gesihðe þæra awyrigedra gasta.

Description:
Then he was turning just like a worm, he could not endure the horrible sight of the cursed spirits.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XXXII: IIII Kalendas Septembris Decollatio Sancti Iohannis Babtiste

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambride, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 162
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, CCC 188

Context:
Eornostlice nis nan wyrmcynn. ne wildeora cyn. on yfelnysse gelic yfelum wife.

Description:
Truly there is not any of serpent-kind, nor beast-kind alike in evilness to an evil woman.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XXXV: Dominica XXI Post Pentecosten

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL, Royal 7 c. xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambride, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 162
London BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, CCC 188

Context:
ðu mannes bearn. ungeleaffulle. & yfeltihtende sind mid þe & þu wunast mid þam wyrstan wyrmcynne

Description:
You child of man, infidels and inciters of evil are with you, and you dwell with the worst of serpent-kind


Context:
Oððe gif he bitt æges sylð he him þone wyrm þe is gehaten þrowend

Description:
Or if he prays for an egg will he give a worm that is called scorpion


Context:
On þære nyþemestan bytminge wunedon þa reþan deor & creopende wyrmas.

Description:
There on lower ground floor of the arc dwelt the wild animals and creeping wyrms


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: IV: Assumptio Sancti Iohannis Apostoli

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL Royal 7c.xii
	Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
	Cambridge, CCC 198
	London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Cambridge, CCC 302
Cambridge, CCC 188
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114

Context:
Eow wæs heofonan rice gearu. & scinende gebytlu. mid wistum afyllede. & mid ecum leohte: þa ge forluron þurh unwærscipe: & ge begeaton eow þeosterfulle wununga mid dracan afyllede. & mid brastliendum ligum.

Description:
The kingdom of heaven was prepared for you, and brilliant buildings with filled with subsistence and with eternal light, there you have lost through heedlessness and you have got for yourself dark dwellings filled with dragons and with crackling flames


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XI: Octabas Et Circumcisio Domini

Context:
Oft halige menn wunedon on westene betwux reþum wulfum & leonum: betwux eallum deorcynne & wyrmcynne. & him nan ðing derian ne mihte: ac hi totæron þa hyrnedan næddran mid heora nacedum handum: & þa micclan dracan eaðelice acwealdon buton ælcere dare þurh godes mihte.

Description:
Often holy men remain in the wilderness between fierce wolves and lions, between all of animal-kind and serpent-kind and nothing might harm him, but they tore apart the horned serpents with their naked hands, and the easily killed the great dragon without any injury through the might of God


Context:
Gewitað fram me: efne her is cumen an draca þe me sceal forswelgan: ac he ne mæg for eower andwerdnysse

Description:
depart from me: a dragon is coming here that must swallow me, but he cannot because of your presence


Context:
Gif ic þysum dracan to forswelgenne geseald eom hwi sceal ic ælcunge þrowian for eowerum oferstealle

Description:
If this dragon has come to swallow me up, why must I suffer delay for your opposition?


Context:
Ic wolde lustbære mid tacne þære halgan rode me bletsian: ac ic næbbe þa mihte. for þan ðe se draca me þearle ofþrihð.

Description:
I would desire to bless myself with the sign the holy rood, but I have not got the power to, for the dragon severely oppresses me


Context:
Ic þancie gode: efne nu se draca þe me forswelgan wolde is afliged þurh eowerum benum: he is fram me ascofen & standan ne mihte ongean eowerum þingungum.

Description:
I thank god: behold now the dragon which would swallow me up is driven away through your prayers, he is banished from me and he cannot stand against your intercession


Context:
Ac he ne geseah þone dracan on his forðsiþe: for þan ðe he hine oferswyðde mid gecyrrednysse his heortan.

Description:
But he never saw the dragon in his going forth [death], because conquered it by conversion in his heart


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XXXVII: Natale Sancti Clementis

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL Royal 7c.xiiC.
Cambridge, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, 342
	London, BL, Cotton Bespasian D.xiv
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Cambridge, CCC 188
	Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 116

Context:
Betæc us danihel þe urne god bel towearp. & þone dracan acwealde þe we on belyfdon

Description:
Deliver us to Daniel who cast down our god Bel, and slaid the dragon that we believed in


Context:
me is snægl swiftra, snelra regnwyrm ond fenyce fore hreþre

Description:
the snail is swifter than me, the earthworm quicker, and fen-frog journeys faster


Context:
leohtre ic eom micle þonne þes lytla wyrm þe her on flode gæð fotum dryge.

Description:
I am much lighter than this little insect that goes on the water with dry feet


Context:
swylce ic eom on mægene minum læsse þonne se hondwyrm, se þe hæleþa bearn secgas searoþoncle, seaxe delfað

Description:
likewise, I as less in my strength than the handworm that the children of warriors, wise men, delve out with a seax.


Context:
Swa litel þu gewurþe alswa linsetcorn, and miccli lesse alswa anes handwurmes hupeban, and alswa litel þu gewurþe þet þu nawiht gewurþe.

Description:
become as small also as a linseed grain, and much less also than a handworm's hipbone, and also so small you will become that you are worth nothing


Context:
Læg se fula leap gesne beæftan, gæst ellor hwearf under neowelne næs ond ðær genyðerad wæs, susle gesæled syððan æfre, wyrmum bewunden, witum gebunden, hearde gehæfted in hellebryne æfter hinsiðe.

Description:
The foul trunk (of Holofernes' body) lay behind, lifeless, the spirit departed elsewhere, under the abyss and was condemned there, bound in torment forever afterwards, wound in serpents, bound in punishments, severely bound in hell-fire after death


Context:
Ne ðearf he hopian no, þystrum forðylmed, þæt he ðonan mote of ðam wyrmsele, ac ðær wunian sceal awa to aldre butan ende forð in ðam heolstran ham, hyhtwynna leas.

Description:
overwhelmed with darkness, he had no need to hope that he might go thence from the serpent-hall, but there must remain there forever, forwards without end in that dark house, without the joy of hope


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: Homily V: Natale Innocentium Infantum

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL Royal 7c.xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
Cambridge, CCC 198
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Cambridge, CCC 188
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 113
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114

Context:
Wæterseocnys hine ofereode beneoþon ðam gyrdle. to þam swiðe þæt his gesceapu maðan weollon. & stincende attor singallice of þam toswollenum fotum fleow.

Description:
Dropsy attacked him [Herod] beneath the girdle, so much that his member welled with maggots, and stinking venom constantly flowed from his swollen feet


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: Homily XXXI: Passio Sancti Bartholomei Apostoli

Manuscript Notes:
London, BL Royal 7c.xii
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambridge, CCC 198
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Cambridge, CCC 188
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 116
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114

Context:
THa bAd se deofol THAt he his fandian moste: & he THa anes dAges ealle his Ahta amyrde. & eft hine sylfne mid THam mAstan broce geuntrumode swa THAt him weollon maTHan geond ealne Done lichaman

Description:
Then the devil sought that he might try him (Job), and he then one day he destroyed all of his possessions, and after afflicted himself with the greatest disease so that maggots welled all over his body.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily III: VIII Idus Ianuarii Sermo in Aepiphania Domini

Edition:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, Second Series, Godden, EETS, 1979

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, CCC 178

Context:
We rædað on bocum be ðære culfran gecynde þæt heo is swiðe gesibsum fugel. and unscæððig. and buton geallan. and unreðe on hire clawum; Ne heo ne leofað be wyrmum. ac be eorðlicum wæstmum

Description:
We are advised by the natural doves in the trees that they are a very peaceful bird. And innocent and without gall, and gentle in their claws, She does not live by worms but by earthly fruit


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XXVIII: Dominica XII Post Pentecosten

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 198
London, BL, Cotton Bespasian D.xiv
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28

Context:
for ðan ðe he ne sealde gode nænne wurðmynt. and he ðærrihte mid wyrmum fornumen. gewat of life

Description:
for then he never gave god any praise himself, and he was immediately consumed by worms, departed of life.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XXXI-II: Natale Sancti Iacobi Apostoli

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 198
London, BL, Cotton Bespasian D.xiv
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33

Context:
Ne mage we hreppan furðon ænne wyrm binnon ðinum clyfan

Description:
we might not touch any serpent in your [the devil's] chamber


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XXXV: Dominica I In Mense Septembri

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
London, BL, Cotton Bespasian D.xiv
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33

Context:
Iob sæt ða sarlice eal on anre wunde. upon his mixene. and ascræp ðone wyrms of his lice. mid anum crocscearde

Description:
Job sat sorely alone, covered in sores, upon his mixen and scraped the worms off his body with a pot-shard


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XXXIX: Depositio Sancti Martini

Manuscript Notes:
Cambridge, CCC 198
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28

Context:
þa wæs ðær an cnapa geættrod þurh næddran swiðe toswollen. þurh ðæs wyrmes slege. unwene his lifes

Description:
Through the blow of the serpent, there was a young man there much swollen, poisoned by serpents, hopeless of his life


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XI: Sancti Benedicti

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
Cambridge, CCC 198
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33

Context:
Hwæt ða se munuc ut gewat. and gemette sona ænne dracan him togeanes standende. mid gynigendum muðe. þæt he hine forswulge

Description:
Then the brave monk went out and immediately met with the dragon that stood to face him with gaping mouth, that he might swallow him


Context:
Yrnað. yrnað. for ðan ðe þes draca me forswelgan wile

Description:
Run, run, for this dragon will swallow me


Context:
þa mynstermunecas urnon to. and swa ðeah nateshwon þone dracan ne gesawon. for ðan þæt wæs se ungesewenlica deofol. ac hi læddon ðone munuc swa bifigendne binnon ðam mynstre

Description:
The monastery monks ran to him and they did not see any dragon, for that was the unseeable devil but they led the trembling monk into the monastery


Context:
þurh benedictes gebedum him wæs se ungesewenlica draca æteowod. ðam ðe he ær filigde. na geseonde

Description:
Through the prayers of Benedict the unseeable dragon appeared to him, who he previously followed without seeing


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XVIII: Apostolorum Philippi et Iacobi

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340
Cambridge, CCC 198
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28
Cambridge, University Library Ii.I.33
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 114

Context:
Da gelæhton hine þa hæþenan. and gelæddon to heora deofolgylde þær ðær wæs an ormæte draca. se ofsloh ðærrihte ðæs hæþengildan sunu. se ðe bær þa storcyllan to ðære offrunge;

Description:
Then the heathen seized him [St. Phillip] and took him to their devil-worship where there was an immense dragon. It killed at once the son of the heathen, the one who bore the censer to the offering


Context:
Se draca ofsloh eac twegen gerefan ðære ylcan scire. on þæra hæftnedum wæs se apostol Philippus gehæfd;

Description:
The dragon slew each of the two stewards of that same shire, in whose custody the apostle, Phillip, was held.


Context:
Witodlice ðurh ðæs dracan blæd. eal seo menigu micclum wearð geuntrumod;

Description:
Certainly through this dragon breath, all of the great crowd were sickened


Context:
Hlystað mines rædes. and eower hæl bið geedniwod. and þas deadan beoð arærede. and se draca ðe eow derigendlic is. bið aflyged on mines godes naman;

Description:
Listen to my lesson and your health will be restored and the dead will be raised up and the injurious dragon will be put to flight in the name of my God.


Context:
ða ongunnon ða hryman. þe ðurh þæs dracan blæde alefode wæron;

Description:
Then they began to cry out, they who through the dragon’s breath had become weak


Context:
ða ferde se reða draca ardlice aweig. and nahwar siððan ne æteowode;

Description:
Then the fierce dragon went quickly away and did not appear again anywhere


Context:
Se apostol Philippus arærde ða of deaðe on godes naman þa ðry deadan. þe se draca acwealde. and ealle ða menigu gehælde. þe ðurh þæs dracan blæd geuntrumod wæs;

Description:
Then the apostle Phillip raised up from the dead, in the name of god, the three dead the dragon had killed and healed all the many, those who the dragon breath had sickened


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XXXVII: Natale Sancti Mathei, Passio Eiusdem

Manuscript Notes:
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 343
Cambridge, CCC 303
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 342
Cambridge, CCC 162
London, BL, Cotton Vitellius C.v
Cambridge, University Library Gg.3.28

Context:
æfter þyssere spræce comon ða drymen and hæfdon him mid twegen ormæte dracan. ðæra orðung acwealde þæt earme mennisc. ac se apostol matheus þa dracan geswefode. and siððan of ðam lande adræfde. swa þæt hi næfre siððan þær gesewene næron;

Description:
After this speech came sorcerers who had them with two immense dragons, their breath killed the wretched people, but the apostle Matthew cast the dragons asleep and afterwards he drove them off the land, and that they were never seen there again


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies (2): Homily XIII: Dominica V in Quadragesima

Context:
ðæra nædrena geslit wæs deadlic. Cristes deað wæs liflic

Description:
The bite of the serpent was deadly. Christ’s death was life-giving


Context:
He gecyrde ða mid sceame. and ahylde þæt win wærlice. and ðær gewende ut of ðam fæte an fah næddre;

Description:
Then he returned with shame and inclined the wine carefully, and there turned out of the cup a patterned snake


Edition:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 2, Skeat, EETS, 1900

Manuscript Notes:
Also MS CCCC 303 which is used to add the word 'wyrm' to readings from MS. CCC 198 where we assume it is unclear

Context:
Ne forhtige ge ic bidde for  ðæs fyrnfullan þreatum, forðan þe his wuldor is wyrms and meox; nu todæg he modegað, and tomergen he ne bið, he awent to eorðan, and his geðoht forwyrð.

Description:
Do not fear, I bid you, the urges of this sinful one, for his glory is worms and muck, now today he is proud and tomorrow he will not be, he returns to earth and his thought dies.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: St. Martin, Bishop and Confessor

Context:
Se halga martinus mid his munecum stod hwilon on þære ea ofre and efne þær swam an næddre wið heora

Description:
The holy Martin was standing with his monk  on the river bank and truly there swam a serpent towards them


Context:
Ða cwæð se halga wer, Ic ðe beode on godes naman þæt ðu buge ongean and se yfela wurm sona be his worde gecyrde to þam oþrum staðe

Description:
Then the holy man said, 'I bid you, in God's name that you turn back' and the evil serpent soon, as was his word, returned to the other bank


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: St. Martin: Bishop and Confessor

Context:
martinus þa cwæð mid micelre geomerunge 'Nædran me gehyrað and men me gehyran nellað.'

Description:
Then Martin said with much sadness, 'snakes hear me and men do not hear me.'


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: Passion of St. Julian and his Wife Basilissa

Edition:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 1, Skeat, EETS, 1900

Context:
Swa swa hi besuncon on ðone sweartan grund, swa sceole ge hæðene on hellegrund besincan, þær bið æfre ece fyr and undeadlic wyrm, þe eowre lichaman cywð and ge þeah ne sweltað, ac bið æfre se lichama geedniwod to ðam witum.

Description:
Just as they sunk into the dark ground, so must the heathens sink into the ground of hell, there always with perpetual fire and undead worms that will chew your body and yet you will not die but your body will always be renewed for the torture.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: Chair of St. Peter

Manuscript Notes:
Also in Cambridge University Library Ii.I.33 and MS Bodley 343

Context:
And forþi cwæþ se stemn clypigende to Petre, þæt he hine gereordode mid þam reþenum nytenum, forþan þe hi wæron geclænsode þurh Cristes þrowunge, and he sceolde hi awendan of þam wyrmhiwe þurh soðe lare to gesceadwisnysse, and to manna gelicnysse of þam laðum hiwe.

Description:
and therefore said the voice to Peter, that he must feast from the wild beasts, for they were cleansed through Christ's passion, and He must turn them from worm-form through true teaching to reason, and to the likeness of man from that hateful form.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: St. Aethelthyth, Virgin

Manuscript Notes:
Also MS. Cambridge University Library. Ii.I.33 & frag. MS Ortho B.10

Context:
Þa wæs þær sum læce on ðam geleaffullum heape, Cynefryð gehaten and hi cwædon þa sume þæt se læce sceolde asceotan þæt geswell; þa dyde he sona swa, and þær sah ut wyrms.

Description:
There was a certain leech there amongst that faithful group, he was called Cynefryð and he said that a leech must lance that swelling; so he soon did and wyrms came out of there.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: The Nativity of Christ

Context:
Sume syndan creopende on eorðan mid eallum lichoman, swa swa wurmas doð.

Description:
Some creep on the earth with their whole bodies, just as worms do.


Context:
Þa fleah Martianus for nean adyd, and he wearð fornumen æfter feawum dagum, swa þæt wurmas crupon cuce of his lice, and se arleasa gewat mid wite to helle.

Description:
Then Martianus fled, very nearly destroyed, and he was consumed [by disease] after a few days, so that worms crept alive out of his body, and the wicked one departed to hell with torture.


Context:
Gehwa mot yfeles geswican and gebetan, ac gif he ðurhwunað on yfelnysse and forsihð his scyppendes beboda and deofla gecwemð, þonne sceal he unðances on ecnysse ðrowian, on ðam unadwæscendlicum fyre, betwux ðam wyrrestan wurmcynne, þe næfre ne bið adyd, ac ceowað symle þæra arleasra lichama on ðam hellican lige.

Description:
Everyone might cease and improve from evil, but if he continues in evilness and despises the commands of his Creator and pleases the devils, the he must unwillingly suffer in eternity in the unquenchable fire, between the worst serpent kind that will never be destroyed but chew always the bodies of the wicked in the fire of hell.


Context:
Him weollon þa wurmas of ðam <gewitnodan> lichaman, and he stanc swa fule þæt man hine ferian ne mihte, and he ða yfele and earmlice geendode on ælfremedom earde to þam ecan witum; and his sunu Eupator æfter him rixode.

Description:
Then the worms welled out of his afflicted body, and the stench of him was so foul that no man might carry him, and he evilly and miserably ended there in a foreign land, going to eternal tourments, and his son Eupator reigned after him.


Context:
Se halga wer þa sona sette his hand on þone cnapan, and hrepode eall his lima, and æfter þam sette his finger on þa wunda þe se wurm toslat.

Description:
Then the holy man soon set his hands on the boy, and touched all his limbs, and after that set his finger on the wound that the snake had bitten.


Edition:
The Old English Heptateuch and AElfric's Libellus de Veteri Testamento et Novo, Volume 1, EETS 2008

Manuscript Notes:
Complete in: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud Misc. 509; London, BL, Cotton Claudius B. iv
Fragments: New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, G. 63; Lost Bifolium reported in Wanley, Catalogus, 192

Context:
Þa læfdon hi hit sume oð hit morgen wæs, & hit wearð wyrmum acreowyd, & hit forrotode; ða wæs Moyses yrre.

Description:
Then some left it [the bread] until it was morning and maggots crawled from it and it rotted, then Moses was angry


Context:
Ne wyrce ge eow ðe ma nane anlicnyssa ne wæpmannes, ne wifmannes, ne nanes nytenes, ne fugeles ne wyrmes, ne fisces.

Description:
Never make any likeness, not of a man, nor of a woman, nor of any animal, nor of a bird, nor of a serpent, nor of a fish.


Context:
Ge sawað micel sæd & ripað litel, for ðam gærstapan hit fretað eall. Ge plantiað wineardas & delfað, & ge ne drincað ðærof, for ðam ðe wurmas hine fretað

Description:
You will sow much seed and reap little, for the grass-stepper (locust) will devour it all. You will plant vineyards and dig them, and you will not drink of them, for the worms will devour them.


Context:
Hi beoð mid hungre fornumene & fugelas hi fretað mid ðære biterustan slitincge; ic sende wildeora teð on hi mid wurmum & næddrum.

Description:
They will be destroyed with hunger and birds will consume them with their sharp tearing; I will send wild beasts to them with serpents and snakes.


Context:
Lyt swigode niwra spella se ðe næs gerad, ac he soðlice sægde ofer ealle: Nu is wilgeofa Wedra leoda, dryhten Geata, deaðbedde fæst, wunað wælreste wyrmes dædum

Description:
The one who rode was not at all silent but said truly to them all: now the giver of what is good to the people of the Weders, the Lord of the Geats lies fast on his deathbed, occupies the bed of the slain because of the deeds of the wyrm


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Homilies: Supplemental: De populo Israhel

Edition:
Homilies of AElfric: A Supplementary Collection, Volume 2, Pope, EETS, 1968

Context:
Hwæt þa moyses het macian þa næddran, and gesettan to tacne, swa swa god sylf hine het, and þa toslitenan menn besawon to þære næddran, and wurdon swa gehælede fram þæra wyrma geslite.

Description:
So, then Moses ordered them to make the serpent, and set it as a sign, just as God himself had ordered, then the bitten men to look upon the snake, and so they were healed from their snake bites.


Context:
Oferhogode ða hringa fengel þæt he þone widflogan weorode gesohte, sidan herge; no he him <þa> sæcce ondred, ne him þæs wyrmes wig for with dyde, eafoð ond ellen, forðon heær fela nearo neðende niða gedigde, hildehlemma, syððan he Hroðgares, sigoreadig secg, sele fælsode ond æt guðe forgrap Grendeles mægum laðan cynnes.

Description:
Then the ruler of rings distained to seek out the wide-flier with a troop, an extensive force; he had no fear of conflict, nor did he have any thought of the dragon's fighting force, because he, with strength and courage, had much before, risking danger, survived combats, the clash of battle, since he, a man blessed with victory, cleansed Hroðgar's hall and crushed to death in battle Grendel's kinsmen, loathful kin.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Homilies: Supplemental: De falsis diis

Context:
þa wæs on þære byrig gewunod an draca, and þa babiloniscan bæron him mete, and hine for god wurðodan, þeah þe he wyrm wære.

Description:
Then there was a dragon which lived there in the city and Babylon brought him food and worshipped him as a god, even though he was a wyrm.


Edition:
Distichs of Cato: Cox, 1972 1-42; Cox, R.S.'The Old English Dicts of Cato,' Anglia 90: 1-42 .

Context:
Ac sanctus Augustinus sæde swiðe swutul bispell by ðy: gif ma manna wilnode on anre ðeode anwaldes þonne an, þæt hit wære þam gelicost ðe we oft secgan hyrdon, þæt sume wyrmas wæren giond eorþan, & eac sume fiscas ut on sæ, þe habbað monuga heafdu & habbað þeah an bodig.

Description:
But Saint Augustine said a very clear tale about this: if more of mankind wished for a power in a people, then it is similar to that which we often heard tell: that some worms that go over the earth, and also some fish that are out at see, that have many heads and yet they have only one body.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Homilies: Supplemental:  Nativitas Domini

Edition:
Christmas Day: Belfour, 1909 78-96; Belfour, A.O.Twelfth-Century Homilies in MS. Bodley 343 , EETS 137 (London) [repr. 1962] .

Context:
Summe heo beoð lichamlice, & unsceadwise, & mid alle lichame on eorðe creopaþ; þæt is, all wyrmcyn, swa swa eow fulcuð is.

Description:
Some of them are material, and irrational, and creep with all their body in the earth; that is all of serpent-kind, just as you know it is.


Context:
þe mon þe æfre smeað embe þas eorðlican & witendlicen þing, he bið ilic þam wyrme þe mid alle lichame creopæð on ðare eorðæ

Description:
Then the man, after meditation about this earthly and prophetic thing, he is the same as a serpent that creeps on the earth with all of its body


Edition:
Hexameron: Crawford 1921 33-74, corrected against MS Exameron Anglice or The Old English Hexameron , Bib. ags. Prosa 10, (Hamburg) [repr. Darmstadt 1968].

Context:
On ðam syxtan dæge ure Drigten gecwæð: Acenne seo eorðe nu cuce nytenu on heora cynryne and þa creopendan wyrmas and eall deorcynn on heora cynrynum

Description:
on the sixth day our Lord said: now the earth bring forth live animals in their generation and the creeping serpents and all the wild animals in their kind.


Context:
Hwæt ða God geworhte þurh his wunderlican mihte eall nytencynn on heora cynrynum and þa wildan deor, þe on wudum eardiað, eall þæt fiðerfote byð of ðære foresædan eorðan, and eall wyrmcynn, ða þe creopende beoð

Description:
Lo, then, God, through his wonderous strength created all creatures in their kind and all the wild beasts that dwell in the woods, all the four-footed inhabitants of the aforesaid earth, and all serpent-kind which are creeping


Context:
Hi mihton þa syððan seonysse þrowian, and hine byton lys and lyftene gnættas and eac swylce flean and oðre gehwylce wyrmas

Description:
Then afterwards they could suffer sickness, and lice and gnats of the air bit them and all such fleas and other insects.


Text_Name:
Alcuini interrogationes Sigeuulfi in Genesin

Edition:
Interrogationes Sigeuulfi in Genesin: MacLean, 1884 1-59; MacLean, G.E.'Ælfric's Version of Alcuini interrogationes Sigeuulfi in Genesin ,' Anglia 7: 1-59 .

Context:
Nis hit na geleaflic þæt se wyrm þurh his agen andgit Euan bepæhte, ac se deofol spræc ðurh þa næddran swa sea he deð þurh wodne man.

Description:
It is not at all to be believed that the serpent through his own interlect decieved Eve, but the Devil spoke through the snake just as he does through a mad man.


Edition:
De creatore et creatura (London, British Library, MS. Cotton Otho C.I, vol. 2): Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS.

Context:
Hi mihton þa syþþan seocnysse þrowian & hi biton gnættas & eac swylce flean & oðre gehwylce wyrmas & him <dracan> & næddran & þa <reðan> deor mihton derian his cynne <ær> arwurðodon swiðe.

Description:
Then afterwards they could suffer sickness, and gnats bite them, and all such fleas and other insects and the dragons and serpents and the cruel beasts might hurt his kind which were previously very honoured.


Edition:
Ælfric's Grammatik und Glossar: Zupitza,

Description:
[Latin] this poison/venom/pus/bodily discharge [OE] this worm/corruption, undeclinable


Description:
[Latin] small reptile/lizard or glow-worm [OE] slow worm


Description:
[Latin] contagion/plague/infection [OE] an parasitic worm/insect(?) or filth/impurity/corruption


Description:
[Latin] corrupt/decay/putrifying matter/pus [OE] worm/corruption?


Description:
[Latin] poison/venom/pus/bodily discharge [OE] worm/corruption


Context:
<tabi> wyrms and tabo: nys ðær na ma casu on gewunan

Description:
[OE] corruption/worm and [latin] corrupt/decay/putrifying matter/pus: there are not any more cases in use


Description:
[Latin] worm/maggot/grub or similar [OE] worm


Edition:
Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni: Henel, Heinrich. 1970 (1942) EETS 213. London: OUP

Context:
On ðam fiftan dæg he gesceop eal wyrmcynn, & ða micclan hwalas & eal fisccyn, on mislicum & menigfealdum hiwum.

Description:
On the fifth day he created all serpent kind, and the great whales and all fish kind, in different and increasing forms.


Context:
Eac ða treowu þe beoð aheawene on fullum monan beoð wið wyrmætan & langfærran, þonne ða þe beoð on niwum monan aheawene.

Description:
But the trees cut in the full moon are harder against worm-eating and old age than the ones cut when the moon is new.


Edition:
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany: Assmann, 1889 164-9; Assmann, B.Ange

Context:
þonne gelimpeð hyt æfter feawum dagum oððe feawum gearum, þæt se ylca lichama byð on byrgenne, and men witan, þæt he gæð wyrmum to mete.

Description:
Then it happens after a few days or a few years that the same body is in a mound, and men know that they will go to be food for worms


Context:
þær beoð egesfulle wyrmas, þa þe wundiað and slitað þa synnfullan sawle, and þa deofla drifað þa sawle to helle.

Description:
There are terrible worms, those that wounds and slits the sinful soul, and the devil drives the soul to hell.


Context:
Ac anra gehwylc his sylfes yrmþa heofað, forþonþe hellefyr nefre ne biþ adwesced, ac a þa dracan & þa wyrmas þara arleasra manna sawla slitað; & hi nefre ne beoð sweltenda.

Description:
But each one mourns his own miseries, because the hellfire will never be quenched, but always the dragons and the worms slit the shameful souls of men; and they are never ending.


Context:
Ac eac hit is mid wyrmum afylled and mid wean and mid wræcsiðan, þær næfre leoht ne leomað

Description:
But also it is filled with serpents, and with woe and with misery, there is neither light nor radiance.


Context:
Þonne is þær seo fifte stow mid wyrmum afylled þær sceolon innæ besincon þa mansworan and þa morðdeadan and þa hlafordswicon; þær heo sculan æfre wunian a worulda woruld

Description:
Then there is the fifth place which is filled with serpents where the perjurer and the evil doer and the betrayer of his lord must sink into; there they must always dwell forever.


Context:
þær hi sceolan þa wyrmes toslittan and deofla potian.

Description:
There they must have the slitting of a serpent and the stiking of devils


Context:
Hwæt syndon we elles buton wyman meta and eorðan fulnyssæ

Description:
Listen, we are all food of worms and foulness of earth


Context:
ac anra gehwilc hys sylfes yrmða wepað and heofað; forðon ðe hellefyr næfre ne byð adwæsced ac þa dracan and þa wyrmas þæra arleasra manna sawla <slitað> and hi næfre na beoð sweltende.

Description:
but each one weeps and laments his own misery, because the hellfire will never be quenched but the dragon and the serpents will slit the soul of the dishonourable man, and they will never die.


Context:
Drihten, gif hunger upp aspringe, oððe cwealm oððe lyftadl oððe atterbære wyrmcynn oþþe ænig feondscipe oþþe mettrumnysse oððe man oððe wiccedomas oððe wyrignysse oððe ænig þing yfeles þe mannum belimpe

Description:
Lord, is hunger springs up, or plague, or palsy or venom-bearing serpent-kind or any fiend-ship or infirmity or crime or witchcraft or weariness of any evil thing befalls man,


Context:
þu nu earma wildeora and fugela and wyrma hiw ætywes, þu iu þe ahofe, þæt þu woldest beon gelic þam ecan gode.

Description:
you, wretched one, now displays the form of wild beasts and birds and serpents, you that previously exhaulted that you would be like the eternal God.


Context:
ic bidde þone heofonlicne cyningc þæt he læte þinne lichame wyrmum to mete & eallum þan mannum þe þe to languað sculon eac sweltan on sarlicum deaðe

Description:
I ask the heavenly king that he leave my body as food to worms and all that belongs to mankind must also die in lamentable death.


Context:
þær biþ wop butan frofre, and þær biþ þeowdom butan freowdome and unrotnes butan gefean; þær biþ fulnys butan awendednysse, and biternes butan swetnesse; and þær biþ hungor and þurst an hellesuslum, and geomerung and þoterung and þæt wyrste wyrmcyncg eal byrnende and dracan kin þe næfre ne sweortaþ k

Description:
and there with hunger and thirst in hell-suffering, and groaning and howling, and that cruel serpent-kind, all burning and dragon kin


Context:
þonne gelimpeð þæt eft æfter feawum dagum oþþe feawum gearum, þæt se ilca lichoma byð on byrgenne from wyrmum freten & forgelendred.

Description:
it will happen that after a few days or a few years, the same body will be in the tomb, consumed and devoured by worms.


Context:
Ealle þa syndon nu from heora eagum gewitene, & ofor þæt næfre efnegemyndige hider eft ne cumaþ, ah heora lichoman licggað on eorðan & beoþ to duste gewordne, & þæt flæsc afulað, & wyrmum awealleþ, & neþer aloweþ, & beoþ gewitene from eallum heora gefogum, & þær noht elles ne wunað

Description:
All of them [trappings of wealth] are now gone from their eyes, and none will ever come here to commemorate them. but their body will lie in the earth and will diminish to dust, and the flesh become foul, and worms swarm, and flow down and come from all their joints, and nothing else remains


Context:
Hwæt biþ la elles seo laf buton wyrma mete?

Description:
Oh! But what else is the remnant but food for worms?


Context:
Nu þu miht her geseon moldan dæl & wyrmes lafe, þær þu ær gesawe godweb mid golde gefagod

Description:
Now you might see a portion of dust and the relic of a worm where you previously saw fine cloth woven with gold.


Context:
ðeah ðe his modor him secge, þæt heo gesawe sunnan and monan, steorran nd streamas, muntas and feldas, fleotende fixas and fleogende fugelas and yrnende hors, wyrmas and wildeor and eal, þæt we seoð, ic wat, þæt hine wile tweogan, hwæðer heo him soð secge

Description:
There this mother said to him that she saw the sun and moon, stars and steams, mountains and fields, swimming fish and flying birds and running horses, serpents and wild beasts and all that we see, although she said that to him, I believe he doubts, but all she said to him was true.


Context:
ðær beoð þa waniendan weleras afylde ligspiwelum bryne on þam hellican fyre, and hi wælgrimme wyrmas slitað, and heora ban gnagað byrnendum toðum.

Description:
There are the lamenting ones, lips filled with vomiting flames in burning hellish fire, and the slaughter-grim serpents will slit, and they gnaw their  bones with burning teeth.


Context:
Eala þu earma lichama, nu þu scealt gewurðan to fulan hræwe and wyrmum to mete; and ic mid sare and mid geomerunge sceal to helle beon gelæd

Description:
Alas, you miserable body, you must become foul carrion and food to worms; and I with suffering and groaning must be led to hell.


Context:
Seo graniende neowelnys and seo forglendrede hell, þæra wyrma ongrype and þæra <sorhwita> mæst, se niðfulla here and se teonfulla dæg.

Description:
That groaning abyss and consuming hell, there are the attacks of the serpent and much torment, that hateful host and woeful eternal day.


Context:
And þonne sona þam lichaman bið laðlic legerbed gegyrwed, and in þæra cealdan foldan gebrosnað, and þæt lic þær to fulnesse worðeð and þam wælslitendum wyrmum weoðeð to æte

Description:
And soon the body will furnish the hateful grave, and decays in the cold earth, and that body will become foulness, and become food for the corpse-rending worms


Context:
in wean and on wyrmslitum betweonan deadum and deoflum, in bryne and on <bitternesse>, in bealewe and on bradum ligge, in yrmþum and on earfeðum.

Description:
in woe and in snake-bites, between the dead and devils, in flame and in bitterness, in evil and in expansive flame, in poverty and hardships.


Context:
And ælcne geleaffulne man he genyt, þe he geaxian mæg, þæt he sceal him abugan oððe earmlice deað þrowian þurh sweordes slege oððe fyres bryne oððe wyrma slite oððe wildeora bite oððe þurh unasecgendlice yrmða earmlice þrowian.

Description:
And he compells every faithful man, those he might ask, that he must bow or suffer wretched death through the blow of a sword, or the burn of fire, or slit of a snake or the bite of a wild beast or through suffering unspeakable wretched poverty.


Context:
þæm magon derian þa lastan fleogan, ge ða gnættas mid swyðe lytlum sticelum <him> deriað, & eac ða smalan <wymas> ðe ðone mon ægðer ge innan ge utan wyrdað, & hwilum fulneah deadne gedoð; ge furðum þios lytle loppe hine deadne gedeð

Description:
and when the gnats with their strong little stings hurt him, and also the small worms, they corrupted that man both within and out, and at times very nearly caused death, and also those little fleas caused death.


Context:
Se cwæð, þæt his fæder cniht wære geþread mid þære hreofan adle, swa þæt him eallunga þa hær afeollon, & seo hyd asweoll, swa þæt heo mihte bedyglian þæt weaxende wyrms & wiðl

Description:
He said, that the father's boy was inflicted with a leprous disease, that his hair was entirely fallen, and his skin swollen, and that they were not able to conceal the growing worms and corruption.


Context:
& þa þe to ðære byrgene geeodon, þa dulfon hi in þa eorðan & gemetton þone lichaman þæs cildes, þe þær samod mid him bebyrged wæs, mid molsne gebrosnode & wyrma fulle, swa hit wen wæs ymb feowertig nihta, & soðlice hi gemetton þone lichaman þæs halgan biscopes swa andsundne, swylce he þy ylcan dæge bebyrged wære

Description:
and then they wernt to the grave, then they dug in the earth and they found the body of a child, it was there buried with him, with decayed corruption and full of worms, as it was after about forty nights, and truly they found that the body of the holy bishop was unharmed, just as if it was buried the same day.


Context:
Soðlice his handa & his fet wæron swellende & aþundene for þy wætan þære fotadle, & ægþer ge þa handa ge þa fet wæron wunda fulle, emne swa þa wyrms fleowan ut of þam openan wunde.

Description:
Truly, his hands and his feet were swollen and swollen by the wet of the foot disease, and also his hands and feet were full of wounds, even the worms flowed out of the open wound.


Context:
& þa þa se marmstan aweg genumen wæs, þe læg ofer his lichaman, swa mycel æþm wynsumes stences þær upp weoll of his lichaman, efne swylce of ðam fuliendan lichaman þæs arwyrðan weres fore þam wyrmum, þe of þam hreawum <creopað>, synderlice wyrtgemang upp geweollon.

Description:
and when the marble was taken away that lay over his body, the pleasant of smells was emitted there, flowed forth up from his body, excellent spices welled up, just like the foulness in a body that was a value for worms, they that creep from the corpse


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Lives of Saints: Forty Soldiers

Context:
þa com eac se deofol, and hæfde ænne dracan on handa and swurd on oðre, þus secgende þam deman, þu eart min agen, ongin nu swiþe wel; swylce he cwæde, oferswið þas Cristenan þurh tearte wita, þæt hi to me gebugan.

Description:
Then the devil also came, and had a dragon in one of his hands and a sword in the other, then the deamon said, you are my own, now begin very well.


Context:
Be þon se eadiga lob cwæð, þa þa he geseah þa <ylcan> lustfullnesse þæs lichaman, þæt heo wæs in þære fylnesse, he spræc þa þysne cwyde be þam wrænan & slidenan men: eall seo lustfulnes & swetnes þæs <lichamen> weorðeþ to wyrma geride

Description:
Then the blessed Job spoke, then when he saw the same pleasure of the body, that they were in their foulness, he spoke this sentence to those wanton and fallen men: all the pleasure and sweetness this body has made is food for worms


Text_Name:
Bede: History of the English Church and Nation

Context:
Ne þær monn ænigne snicendne wyrm ne ætterne gesihþ; ne þær ænig nædre lifan ne mæg.

Description:
There no man sees any poisonsous creeping serpents at all, nor may any snake live [there].


Context:
Se seofeða stæpe eaðmodnesse is, gif munuc hine sylfne yttran and unweorðran talað þonne ænigne oþerne; he hine sylfne geeaðmede and þus mid þam witegan cwede: Ic soðlice eom wyrm and no man, manna hosp and folces æwyrp.

Description:
The seventh step of huminity, if the monk considers himself the lowest and of less dignity than any other, he humiliates himself and therefore with the Prophet says: I truly an a worm and not a man, men reproach me and people cast me away.


Context:
Se ðe ete his lichaman hreofel oððe wyrmas, oððe micgan drince oðþe his scearn, gyf hit cild sy oððe cniht, swinge hine man, gyf hit geweaxan man sy, fæste an gear oððe þreo <æfestenu>, and æghwæðer ga biscope under hand.

Description:
The ones that eat his body, skin, or worms, or drink his urine or his filth, if it is child or youth, chastise the man, if it is a grown man, fast a year or three, and go under the hand of a bishop


Context:
Min drihten god ælmihtig, ic eom oferfangen mid synnum to wyrmlice forþon þe ic forgemeleasade þine beboda.

Description:
My lord, Almighty God, I am seized with sins as if by a serpent because I neglected your commands.


Context:
þa bebead se casere þæt nænig mon þone lichoman bebyrgde siððan he wæs beheafdod, ac þæt hine scolden forswelgan wild deor ond wyrmas.

Description:
Then the Ceasar commanded that the body of no man be burried since they were beheaded, but that they should be swallowed by wild animals and worms.


Context:
Ac he aweol eal wyrmum ond earmlice swealt on elðeodigum muntum.

Description:
But he flowed forth with all the worms and died wretched in the mountains in a foreign land.


Context:
On þam fiftan dæge, þæt ys on XI kalendas, he gescop eall wyrmcynn and creopende and fleogende and swymmende and slincgende and þa myclan hwælas and þa lytlan sprottas and eall fisckynn on myslicum and mænigfealdum hiwum.

Description:
On the fifth day, that is on the XI day of the calender, he made all of serpent kind and creeping things and flying things and swimming things and slinking things and the great whales and the little spratts and all fish kind in unique and various shapes.


Context:
Heræfter uton don swa us beboden ys: Ymbgyrde we ure lendena mid clænnysse, and beon ure fet gesceode mid þære sybbe bodunge, are ure stafas syn o urum handum to sleanne þa wyrmas, and eac þa næddran, gif hig wyrð us wyllað winnan oððe us derian.

Description:
Hereafter let us do as you have bid us; we are girldled about our loins with purity, and our feet are shoed with the peaching of peace, our stafs be honour in our hands to slay the serpents, and also the snakes, if they wish to toil with us or injure us.


Context:
Hwæt synt þa wyrmas buton lyðre men and geflitgeorne and Godes fynd and heora agenra sawla forwyrd?

Description:
Who are snakes without evil and contentious men and the enemy of God and their own soul's destruction?


Context:
Eac þa treowa þa beoð aheawen on fullum monan beoð heardran wið wyrmætan and langferran þonne þa þe beoð on niwum monan aheawene.

Description:
Likewise, when a tree is hewn down in a full moon it is hard against worm-eating and enduring that when it is hewn down in a new moon.


Context:
Wyð þæt wyrmas ymb þone nafolan on þam innoðe derigen genim ðas ylcan wyrte and ysopan & nytrum & cærsan, cnuca tosomne ealle, syle drincan on wætere.

Description:
For worms that harm the innards in the navel, take the same wort and hyssop and salt and watercress, pound them all together, give to drink in water.


Context:
Wyð þæra wyrma slite þe man spalangiones hateþ genim þas ylcan wyrte aizos on wine gesnucude, syle drincan.

Description:
For the a man with the bite of a worm that is called 'spalangio' [a poisonous spider] the same wort 'aisos' in wine, give to drink.


Context:
Wið utsiht & wið innoðe flewsan & wið wyrmas þe on ðam innoþe deriað þeos sylfe wyrt wel fremað

Description:
For diarrhoea and for flowing innards and for worms that hurt in the innards, this same wort is very beneficial.


Context:
Eft do þæt sylfe wið utsiht & wið wyrmas on innode & wið swiðlicne cyle.

Description:
Again, perform this on ones self for diarrhoea and for worms in the innards and for excessive cold.


Context:
Wiþ þæt wyrmas on þam innoþe ymb þone nafolan dergen genim ðisse ylcan wyrte wyrttruman seaw oððe dust, syle drincan on wine oððe on wætere þe ær wære organe oððe dweorgedwosle on gewylled.

Description:
For worms that do harm in the innards about the naval, take up the wort root juice or dust, give to drink in wine or in water which were boiled with marjoram or pennyroyal previously


Context:
Wið nædrena slitas & wið <þara> wyrma ðe man spalangiones hateþ genim þysse wyrte wos gecnucud on wine, syle drincan.

Description:
For the man with the bite of snakes and for bite of the insect that has the name 'spalangiones' [poisonous spider], the juice of this wort in wine, give to drink.


Context:
Wið wyrmas to cwellenne, heortes horn gebærnedne drince on hatum wætere

Description:
For killing worms, a burned hart's horn, drunk in hot water.


Description:
Then he kills the worms and casts them out.


Context:
Gif earan syn innan sare & þær wyrms sy, on do þa ylcan sealfe.

Description:
If the ears are sore inside & worms are there, make this same salve.


Context:
Wið wedes hundes slite, nim þa wyrmas þe beoð under wedehundes tungan, snið onweg, ymb læd utan fictreow, syle þam þe tosliten sy.

Description:
For the bite of a mad dog, take the worms that are under the mad dog's tongue, cut away, put them around the outside of a fig tree, then give them to the one that has been bitten


Context:
Hnite & wyrmas onweg to donne ðe on cildum beoð bærn hundes ðost & gnid smale, mengc wið hunige & smyre mid; seo [sealf] adeþ ða wyrmas onweg; nim eac þæt græs þær hund gedriteþ, cnuca, wrið on, hraðe hyt hælð.

Description:
To do away with nits and worms which are on children, take a barn dog's dung and break into small [pieces], mix with honey, smear with it.


Context:
Do þæt ylce cildum ofer ðone nafolan, he weorpeþ ut þa wyrmas.

Description:
Do that in the same way for a child over the navel, it casts the worms out.


Context:
Sing ðis wið toðece, syððan sunne beo on setle, swiðe oft, caio laio quaque uoaque ofer sæloficia sleah manna wyrm, nemne her þone man & his <fæder>, cweð þonne, lilumenne æceð þæt ofer eall þonne alið, <colað> þonne hit on eorðan hatost byrneð, finit, amen .

Description:
Sing this for tooth-ache, after the sun is set, very often, 'aio laio quaque uoaque ofer sæloficia', this slays a man's worms


Context:
Wið ðon þe mon oððe nyten wyrm gedrince, gyt hyt sy wæpnedcynnes sing ðis leoð in þæt swiðre eare þe her æfter awriten is, gif hit sy wifcynnes sing in þæt wynstre eare, Gonomil orgomil marbumil marbsai ramum tofeð tengo docuillo biran cuiðær cæfmiil scuiht cuillo scuiht cuib duill marbsiramum .

Description:
For when a man or an animal has drunk a worm, if it is a male sing the song which is written here after into the right ear, if it is a female, sing it into the left ear.


Description:
One may sing this same charm for a penetrating worm, sing frequently into the wound and smear with spittle and [the herb] named the green century, pound, lay on that wound and bathe with hot cow's urine.


Context:
Wyrc sealfe of marubian on buteran of wyrm mealuwe, of haran sprecele, hegerifan, genim healfe þa sealfe, gemeng wiþ gecnuwade elenan, smire oþ þæt bataige, siþþan mid þære oþerre.

Description:
work marubian salve? Into butter of worm-meal.


Context:
Styre þonne mid ðy sticcan ða buteran, eal þæt fæt, ðu sing ofer ðas sealmas, Beati immaculati , ælcne ðriwa ofer, & gloria in excelsis deo, & Credo in deum patrem , & letanias arime ofer, þæt is ðara haligra naman & deus meus et pater, et in principio , & þæt wyrmgealdor, & þis gealdor singe ofer, Acre arcre arnem nona ærnem beoðor ærnem nidren arcun cunað ele harassan fidine .

Description:
Stir then with the stick the butter, all that vessel, you sing this psalm over it: Beati immaculati , ælcne ðriwa ofer, & gloria in excelsis deo, & Credo in deum patrem, and litany of numbers? over it, that is the holy name and 'deus meus et pater, et in principio' and that worm-charm, and this charm sing over it:  Acre arcre arnem nona ærnem beoðor ærnem nidren arcun cunað ele harassan fidine .


Context:
Gif se wyrm sy nyþergewend oððe se blendena fic, bedelf ænne wrid cileþengian moran & nim mid þinum twam handum <uppeweardes>, & sing þærofer VIIII paternostra, æt þam nigeðan æt libera nos a male, bred hy þonne up, & nim of þam ciðe & of oþrum þæt þær sy an lytel cuppe ful, & <drenc> hy þonne & beðige hine mon to wearman fyre, him bið son sel.

Description:
If a worm be wound going below or the bleeding fig, dig a whole clump of cileþengian root and take it with your two hands and thereafter say 9 paternosters, at the 9th at 'deliver us from evil', warm it up and take of that shoot and of the other so that there be one little cup full, and then draw that man to a warm fire, he will soon be better.


Context:
Nim eac meldon ða wyrt, gewyrc to duste swiðe smale, do in hat wæter, syle drincan, sona ða lys & oðre lytle wyrmas swyltað

Description:
Take also the herb 'orach', work into a very fine dust, put in hot water, give to drink, then soon the lice and each little worm are cast out.


Context:
Nim eac wermod & marufian & wyl gelice micel ealra, wyll in wine oððe on geswettum wætere, gedo þriwa on þone nafolan, þonne swylteð ða lys & oðre lytle wyrmas.

Description:
Take wormwood also and 'marufian', a great amount of all the like,  boil in wine or in sweetened water, put them thrice on the navel, then the lice and also the other little worms.


Context:
Wið hondwyrmum, scipteron, swefl, pipor, hwit sealt, mængc tosomne, smyre mid

Description:
For handworms, pitch, sulphur, pepper, white salt, mix together, smear with it.


Context:
ðeos eahsealf mæg wiþ ælces cynnes broc on eagon, wiþ flean on eagon & wiþ gewif & wiþ mist & wiþ ter & wiþ wyrmas & wiþ dead flæsc

Description:
This eye-salve may be used with any kind of affliction in the eye, for a flaying in the eye, and for a malady, and for misty vision, and for a tear and for worms and for dead flesh.


Context:
ðis is seo seleste eahsalf wið ehwærce & wið miste & wið penne & wið wyrmum & wið gihðum & wið teorendum eagum & ælcum cuðum swile.

Description:
This is the best eye-salve for pain in the eye and for misty vision and for a pin [cataract] and for worms and for itches and for tearing in the eye and every known tumour.


Context:
Ic soðlice eom wyrm & nalys mann edwit manna & aworpnys folcys Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.

Description:
I truly am a worm and not at all a man, a disgrace of a man, cast out from the common people: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
& he sealde þam treowyrm [symbol] emele westm hyra & gewinn hyra gærshoppan Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum locuste.

Description:
& he gave them to the caterpillar [symbol] their growth to the caterpillar, and their toil to the locust: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum locuste.


Context:
Ofyr nædran & fagum wyrme þu gongyst & trydest leon & dracan Super aspidem et basilliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.

Description:
You will go over snakes and hostile serpents and tread on the lion and dragon: Super aspidem et basilliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.


Context:
Ic soþlice eom wyrm & na mann ædwit [symbol] hosp manne & aworpednys folces Ego autem sum vermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
Ic soþlice eom wyrm & nalæs mann hosp manna & onweg awearp folc Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis: Ic soðlice wyrm & na man hosp manna & aworpennis folces.

Description:
Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis: I truly am a worm and not at all a man, a disgrace of a man, cast out from the common people


Context:
Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum manibus; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus. Animalia pusilla cum magnis: þeos sæ & rum þær wyrmas nis gerim nytenu.

Description:
Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum manibus; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus. Animalia pusilla cum magnis: In this expansive sea there are serpents and great number of creatures


Context:
Ic soðlice eam wyrm & nales mon edwit monna &  aworpnes folces Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
& salde treowyrme westmas heara & gewin heara gershoppan: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum lucustae

Description:
and he sold their fruit to the caterpillar and their toil to the locust: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum lucustae


Context:
Ofer nedran & fagwyrm gonges & trides leon & dracan: Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.

Description:
You will go over the snake and basilisk and tread on the lion and dragon: Super aspidem et basilliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.


Context:
Ic soðlice eom wyrm & nalæs man hosp  manna & aworpenis [symbol]onweg awearp folc Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
Ofer næddran & fahwyrm þonne þu gæst & þu fortredest leon & dracan: Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.

Description:
You will go over the snake and the cruel serpent and you will tread on the lion and the dragon: 'Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.'


Context:
þeos sæ micel & rum þær wyrmas þara nis gerim nytenu medmiclu & miclu: Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus animalia pusilla et magna

Description:
In this expansive sea there are serpents and great number of creatures: Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus animalia pusilla et magna


Context:
Ic soþlice ic eom wyrm na mann hosp manna & aworpenis folces: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
Ic soðlice ic eom wyrm na man hosp manna & aworpennys folces: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
& he sealde leafwyrme wæstm heora & geswinc heora gærstapan: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum lucustae


Context:
þeos sæ micel & rum handum ðær wyrmas þara nis gerim nitenu lytle & miclu: Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus animalia pusilla et magna


Context:
Ic soðlice eom wyrm & na man bysmerung [symbol] hosp manna & forwyrpnes [symbol] aworpennys folces: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.

Description:
I truly am a worm and not at all a man, a blasmphemous disgrace of a man, rejected, cast out from the common people: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
Hi hwetton tunge heora swaswa næddran attor wyrmcynna under welerum heora: Acuerunt linguas auas sicut serpentes uenenum aspidum sub labiis eorum.

Description:
They have sharpened their tongue like a snake, poisonous serpent-kind under their tongues: Acuerunt linguas auas sicut serpentes uenenum aspidum sub labiis eorum.


Context:
Ic soðlice eom wyrm & nales mon edwet monna & aworpnes folces: Ego autem sum vermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
& he sealde treowyrme wæstmas hira & gewin heora gærstapan: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum locustæ

Description:
and he sold their fruit to the caterpillar and their toil to the locust: Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum locustæ


Context:
Ofer nædran & fagwyrm ðu gæst & trides leon & dracan: Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem


Context:
Ic witodlice eom wyrm na man hosp mannan & aworpennes: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.

Description:
I certainly am a worm and not at all a man, a disgrace of a man, cast out: Ego autem sum uermis et non homo obprobrium hominum et abiectio plebis.


Context:
þeos sæ mangnum & rum wyrmas þara nis gerim nytena medmycel mid myclum: Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum manibus; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus. Animalia pusilla cum magnis

Description:
In this expansive sea there are serpents and great number of creatures: Hoc mare magnum et spatiosum manibus; illic reptilia quorum non est numerus. Animalia pusilla cum magnis


Context:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur ðer wyrm hiora ne bið dead & þæt fyr ne bið gedrysned.

Description:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur: there the serpent never dies and that fire is never quenched.


Context:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur ðer wyrm hiora ne bið dead & þæt fyr ne bið adrysned.


Context:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur ðer wyrmas hiora ne biað deode & þæt fyr ne bið gidrysnad.

Description:
Ubi uermis eorum non morietur et ignis non extinguitur: there the serpents never die and that fire is never quenched.


Context:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur ðer wyrmas hiora ne biað deode & þæt fyr ne bið drysnad.


Context:
Ubi uermis eorum non moritur et ignis non extinguitur ðer wyrmas hiora ne biað deade & fyr hiora ne bið adrysnad.


Context:
Humilia ualde spiritum tuum quoniam uita carnis impii ignis et uermis:  geeadmed swyþe gast þinne forþy lif flæsces þæs arleasan fyr & wyrm.

Description:
Strongly humble your spirit because the life of this dishonourable flesh is fire and  the serpent


Context:
Multę escę delectant gulam nutriunt autem uermem fornicationis: manega mettas gegladiað gyfernysse hi fedað soðlice wyrm forligre.

Description:
Meats gladden many, they feed with gluttony, much like the lechorous/adulterous serpent


Context:
Ne intuearis uinum quando flauescit cum splenduerit in uitro color eius ingreditur blande sed in nouissimo mordebit ut coluber et sicut regulus uenena diffundet: na beheald þu win þænne hit geoluwað þænne scyð on glæse hiw his hit ingæð swæslice ac on latemystum hit tyrþ ealswa snaca & ealswa slawyrm attru hit tosend oþþe ongytt


Context:
Sicut in uestimentum tinea et uermis deuorat lignum ita tristitia nocet cordi swa swa on read moþþe & wyrm forswylhð treow eallswa unrotnyss derað heortan

Description:
Just as the red moth and worm devour the tree inside, likewise, sorrow injures the heart.


Context:
Breuem languorem precedit medicus sic et rex hodie est et cras morietur cum enim morietur homo hereditabit id est possideat serpentes et bestias et uermes: sceort adl forestæpþ læce swa eac cyning to dæg ys & to morgen he swelt þænne soðlice swelt mann he ah næddran & wildedeor & wyrmas.

Description:
…? When truly a man dies he posesses snakes and wild beasts and worms


Context:
Domine iesu christe te supplices oramus ut mittere digneris spiritum sanctum tuum et benedictionem tuam cum sancto angelo tuo super creaturam salis et aqua defendat deus segetes nostras  seruos nostros et omnes fructus a uermibus a uolatilibus a demonibus et ab omnibus malis ut magnificetur nomen tuum deus in omni loco per dominum driht' hæl' crist ðec boensando ve biddað þætte sende gimeodvma gast halig ðin & bloets' ðin mið halgvm engle ðinvm of' giscęft saltes & vttres giscilde god accras vsra esnas vsra & alle væstmo from wyrmvm from flegendvm from dioblvm & from allvm yflvm þætte sie gimiclad nome ðin god in ælcvm stove.


Context:
Benedic domine hanc creaturam aque ut fugiant uermes et uolucres et omnia nociua a nostris retibus  siluis per nomen domini nostri iesu christi quod inuocatum est in ipsa creatura ut fiat omnibus in alimentum et benedictiones de uenationibus quibus ex ea <utuntur> per te christe iesu qui cum patre et spiritu sancto uiuit et regnat in secula seculorum amen bloetsa driht' ðas giscæft wæt' þætte giflega wyrmas & flegendo & alle gisceððendlica from vsvm rapvm  hegvm ðerh nome driht' hæl' <crist> ' þæt giceiged is on ðær giscæft þætte giworðe allvm in gihriord & bloets' of hvntvng' ðæm of ðær gibrycsiað ðerh ðec crist hæl' se ðe mið feder & gaste halgvm liofað & ricsað in worvl' vorld.


Context:
Domine sancte pater omnipotens æternę deus permitte spiritum tuum sanctum cum panchielo archangelo ut defendat segites nostras a uermibus a uolatilibus a demonibus a fulminibus ab omni temptatione diabuli per inuocationem sancti nomnis tui iesu christe qui regnas cum patre et cum spiritu sancto uiuis in secula seculorvm driht' hælga fæder allm' ece god ðerhsend gast ðin haligne mið þan' ðæm hehengele þætte gescilde acras vsa from wyrmvm from flegendum from demonvm  from dioblvm from legeðvm from aelcvm costvnge diobles ðerh inceigincge halges nome ðines hæl' crist' ðv ðe ricsas mið feder & mið halgvm gaste ðv liofað in world' vorvld'.


Context:
& spalangii genus sepentis musci uenenosi & þære scortan næddran [or] slawyrm

Description:
'& spalangii genus sepentis musci uenenosi' and there are short snakes or slow-worms


Context:
ðer þu scealt wunien and wurmes þe todeleð

Description:
There you must dwell and be torn by worms


Context:
Ealle þa gesceafta gesewenlice on worulde & þa ungesewenlican on þam <uppheofone> þe ænige wununge habbað, ge furðon þa wurmas, ealle hi synd gesceapene þurh þone soðan Wisdom, þe is Word gehaten of þisum godspelle; & butan þam Worde nis nan þing geworht.

Description:
Then all of creation visible in the world, and all that is invisible in the heavens had one dwelling, and even the serpents, they are all created through the true Wisdom, that is named the Word in this gospel, and without the Word nothing is made.


Context:
Ge ne magon na swiðor, þeah ðe we eow secgon, geora <scincræft> tocnawan, ac us secgað lareowas þæt of fearres flæsce, fule stincendum, beoð beon acende, þæt hi cuce swa fleoð, & of assan flæsce cumað wæpsas & of horses flæsce cumað eac hyrnetta, & on ælcum wæstme, gyf hit miswent on geare cumað <syndrige> wurmas, swa swa we gesawon oft.


Context:
Ne nan wildeor ne mihte, ne nan wurmcynn ne dorste <derian> <þam> <menn> mid hys muðes slite.

Description:
No wild beast is able, nor serpent-kind dare to harm those men with their slitting mouths


Context:
ða cwæð cyrus se cyning þæt he cunnian moste gif he butan wæpnum mihte þone wurm acwellan.

Description:
Then king Cyrus said that he should investigate if he [Daniel] was able to defeat the dragon without weapons


Context:
On þære nyðemestan fleringe wæs heora gangpyt & heora myxen, on þære oðre fleringe wæs heora nytena foda gelogod, on þære þriddan fleringe wæs seo forme wunung & þær wunedon þa wildeor & þa reðan wurmas.

Description:
On the lower floor [of the ark] was their privy and their latrine, on the other floor the food of the animals was kept, on the third floor was the first dwelling, and there dwelt the wild beasts and the cruel serpents.


Context:
þar bið wurma geflit and toþa grisbitung.

Description:
There is the fight of serpents and gnashing of teeth.


Context:
Næs þa nan hwil to þam, þæt he geseah ealra wihta and wildeora and wurma hiw incuman to him.

Description:
Then after some time, he saw that all of the creatures and wild beasts and serpents came to him.


Context:
And þær þa scyldige bærnæþ, and þa wurmæs heom mid weallende muðes forswolgeð; and heoræ ansyne bið þær mid teares oferfleowen, and þær bið egeslic toðene grind.

Description:
And there the sinful burn, and the swarming serpents swallow them with their mouths; and their faces will overflow with their tears, and there threatening teeth will grind.


Context:
þær wurmes wældeþ al þet <þe> wurþest was, fuweles qualeholde, þe þu icwemdest ær mid alre <kunde> swetnesse, þeo þu swuþe lufedest.


Context:
Ne icneowe þu þe sulfen, þet þu scoldest mid wurmen <wunien> in eorþan.

Description:
Now you know? Yourself, that you must dwell with worms in the earth


Context:
þe sculen nu waxen wurmes be siden, <þeo> hungrie feond, þeo þe freten wulleþ.

Description:
Now you must grow a worm in your side?, your hungry friend, it will consume you


Context:
þonne hit al biþ agon, heo wulleþ gnawen þine bon, þeo orlease <wurmes>

Description:
When it is all past, they will gnaw on your bone, the


Context:
Nu heo wunieþ on eorþe, wurmes ham habbeþ todæled, iscend <hore> sorhfulle bones, þe þeo sunne wrohten.

Description:
Now you dwell in the earth, share the home of the worms, …? Your sorrowful bones, you hurt by sin?


Context:
Hwæt, þæt þonne, la, bið sarlic sar & earmlic gedal þæs lichoman & þære sawle, gif þonne se earma innera man, þæt is seo weige sawl þe her forwyrht bið & agimeleasedu Godes beboda, þæt hio þonne æfter þan gedale aslidan scile in þa ecean helle witu, & þær þonne mid dioflum drohtigan in morþre & on mane, in susle & on sare, on wean & on wurmum, betweox deadum & dioflum, & <on> bryne & on biternesse & on fulnesse & on eallum þam witum þe dioflu gearwedon fram þære frymþe, þe hie to gesceapene wæron & hie sylfe geearnedon.


Context:
Eala þu earma lichama and wurma mete, a þu wunne æfter eorðlicum welum, and a ðu geglengdest þe mid eorðlicum hræglum and forgeate me.

Description:
Alas, you wretched mortal body and food of worms, you who delighted in the wealth of the earth and you adorned yourself in earthly garments and forgot me.


Context:
We syndon deadlice menn and to duste sceolon on worulde wurðan wurmum to æte; and of eorðan we sceolon eft ealle arisan on domes dæge and drihtene sylfum ætywan ealle

Description:
We are mortal men and must become dust in the world, food to worms; and we must all arise out of the earth on doomsday and the Lord will show himself to all


Context:
Ad dolorem capitis: To þan mann, þæt hys heafod æcþ, oððer wurmas on þan heafedon.

Description:
Ad dolorem capitis: For the man whose head aches, or who has worms in his head.


Context:
Glof hangode sid on syllic, searobendum fæst; <sio> wæs orðoncum eall gegyrwed deofles cræftum ond dracan fellum


Context:
He geheold tela fiftig <wintra> wæs ða frod cyning, eald eþelweard, oððæt <an> ongan deorcum nihtum draca <ricsian>, se ðe on <heaum><hofe> hord beweotode, stanbeorh <steapne>; stig under læg, eldum uncuð.

Description:
He rightly ruled for fifty winters, he was a wise king, old guardian, until a dragon came in the dark night, the one who watched over the hoard in the high hall, the high rocky hill, beneath it lay a passage, unknown to men.


Context:
þu on þines mægenes mihte spedum sæ gesettest, swylce gebræce þæt dracan heafod deope wætere.

Description:
Then in your almighty power made the sea abundant, as such, the chiefly dragon crashes in the deep water.


Context:
þu þæs myclan dracan mihtum forcome and his þæt hearde heafod gescændest, sealdest Siglhearwum syððan to mose.


Context:
þu ofer aspide miht eaðe gangan, and bealde nu                          tredan, and leon and dracan liste gebygean.

Description:
You may easily go over the asp, and now boldly tread on the basilisk, and subdue the cunning lion and dragon.


Context:
Dracan þu þysne dædum ðinum geheowadest, hete syððan <his> bysmere brade healdan; ealle to ðe, ece drihten, ætes on eorðan eac wilniað.

Description:
The dragon you formed with your deeds, since held his expansive hate and blasphemy; all to you, eternal lord, against each desire in the earth.


Context:
Herigen dracan swylce drihten of eorðan, and ealle neowelnessa herian naman drihtnes.

Description:
Praise the lord of the earth, dragons, and the praise the name of lord all of the abyss


Description:
Often holy men remain in the wilderness between fierce wolves and lions, between all of animal-kind and serpent-kind. And nothing may injure him, but he tears the horned snake with their bare hands: and the great dragon is easily quelled without any hurt through the might of God.


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: XXXII: Decollatio Sci Johannis Baptistæ

Context:
Oððe hwæt is wælhreowre betwux næddercynne þonne draca?

Description:
Or what is more bloodthirsty amongst snake-kind than a dragon?


Context:
Ac se wisa salomon cwæð þæt selre wære to wunienne. Mid leon. & dracan. Þonne mid yfelum wife & oferspecum

Description:
But wise Solomon said that it is better to dwell with a lion or a dragon than with an evil and over-talkative woman.


Context:
Witodlice iohannes on westene wunode betwux eallum deorcynne. Ungederod. & betwux dracan. & aspidum. & eallum wyrmcynne. & hi hine ondredon: soðlice seo awyrigede herodias mid beheafdunge hine acwealde: & sea mæres mannes deað to gyfe hire dehter hleapunge underfeng.

Description:
Certainly, John had dwelt in the wilderness unhurt amongst all animal kind, and amongst dragons and asps and all serpent-kind, and they dreaded him, truly the accursed Herodias killed him by beheading him, and the death of so great a man she accepted as a gift for her daughter's dancing.


Context:
Eaðe mihte God, gyf he swa wolde, sendan <beran> <&> <leon> <ongean> <þam> breman cyninge, dracan eac & næddran, & hine swa <dreccan> <ac> <þa> <eaðelican> <gesceafta> sceoldon gewyldan his modignysse, þæt <he> wa ne <on> flot, þæt he ne forferde gyf he swa.

Description:
Soon mighty God, if he so wishes will send for the bear and lion to celebrate the king, also the dragon and snake


Text_Name:
Ælfric's Homilies: Supplemental:  Sermo ad populum in octavis Pentecosten dicendus

Context:
For ðam ðe we rædað on bocum þæt se reða feond come swilce egeslic draca to anum licgendum cnihte, wolde his sawle habban for his synnum to helle, ac ðær comon munecas to on ðæs mannes forðsiðe, and geornlice bædon for þam geongan cnihte, oððæt hi swa afligdon þone feondlican dracan, and se cnihte gewyrpte, and wunode on life, oððæt he his synna gebette, and eft syððan gewat, ac he ne geseah ðone dracan ða, for ðan ðe he oferswiðed wæs.

Description:
For we read in books that the cruel fiend comes as a horrible dragon to each youth lying dead, wishes to have his soul in hell for his sins, but when monks come to this man's death, and earnestly ask to go to the youth?,


Context:
Eft, þa þa he agylt hæfde, and godes bebod tobræc, þa forleas he þa gesælþa, and on geswincum leofode, swa þæt hine <biton> <lys> bealdlice and flean, þone þe ær ne dorste se draca furþon hreppan.

Description:
Then afterwards when he had offended, and broken God's commands, then he lost his happiness and lived in exile, such that he was boldy bitten by lice and fleas, the one who previous the dragon did not dare touch.


Description:
There was a dragon in that city, and the Babylonians took him food, and worshiped him as a god, even though he was a worm.


Context:
þa andwyrde danihel <ðus> <eaðelice> <þam> <cyninge> : ic gebidde me æfre to þam ælmihtigon gode, se þe is lyfigende god; and gif þu me leafe sylst, ic ofslea þisne draca buton swurde and stafe.

Description:
Then Daniel easily answered the king: I pray always to the almighty god, the one who is the living god, and if you give me leave, I will slay this dragon without sword or staff.


Context:
Danihel þa worhte þam dracan þas lac: he nam pic and ryself, and punode togædere, and mid byrstum gemengde, and berode to welerum, and seað hi swiðe, and sealde þam dracan.

Description:
Then Daniel made this offering for the dragon: he took pitch and fat, and pounded together, and mixed it with bristles, kneaded it to morsels and boiled it for a long time, and fed it to the dragon.


Context:
ða tobærst he sona swa he abat þæs metes, and danihel cwæð þa to þæs dracan biggengum, nu ge magon geseon hwæne ge swa wurðodan.

Description:
Then he burst open as soon as he ate that food, and Daniel said to the dragon's worshippers, 'now you might see what you worshipped.'


Context:
þa wurdon geæbyligde þa babiloniscan þearle, and comon to þam cyning, and cwædon mid graman, þes ælþeodega danihel hæfð þinne anwald genumen; he is cyning geworden; he acwealde þone dracan, and urne bel he towearp, and his biggengan he ofsloh; betæce hine n us, elles we þe ofsleah.

Description:
Then the Babylonians were angry, they went to the king and said with fury? 'This foreigner Daniel has taken your rule; he has become king, he killed the dragon, and he threw down our Bel, and killed his priests, now deliver him to us, or we will kill you.'


Context:
Hi mihton þa syððan seocnysse þrowian, and hine byton lys and lyftene gnættas and eac swylce flean and oðre gehwylce wyrmas, and him wæron derigendlice dracan and næddran and þa reðan deor mihton derian his cinne, þe hine ealle ær arwurðodon swyðe.

Description:
Then afterwards they could suffer sickness, and lice and gnats of the air bit them and all such fleas and other insects, and poisonous dragons and serpents and cruel beasts hurt his genus, those that revered then previously.


Context:
hic draco þes draca huis draconis, haec dracena heo.

Description:
hic draco: this dragon, huis draconis, haec dracena heo.


Context:
On langne on befeallað þas crecisce naman: hic dracon þes draca; hic leon þeos leo.

Description:
In long 'on' assign this greek name: hic dracon, the dragon, hic leon, the lion.


Context:
And xii dracan syndan in þam xii weallum, and hy synd ealle afylled mid readum lige and mid fulum stænce.

Description:
And 12 dragons are in the 12 walls, and they are all filled with red flame and with foul stench


Context:
Se æresta draca forswelgð þa arleasan sawle and aspiwð þam oþrum on muð

Description:
The first dragon devours the wicked soul and vomits forth the others in the mouth


Context:
ðonne bið se micla dom geworden and ealle deade men arisað and ða dracan beoð hwearfiende and þonne æfter þon mot se laca leg <oferþencgan> eal þeodland, þonne bið swyðe mycel þrym on heofonum and swyðe wundorlic sang on þam heofoncundan swege and onginnað þonne ut faran ealle side <herigas>.

Description:
Then the great doom will come and all dead men will rise and the dragon will be changed and then after they meet the bright flame will cover all the region, then the many powerful host in the heavens will si


Context:
Se draca mid his þam geættredan orðe geswencð menn, swa se deofol mid his ungeleanfan blæde ealles mancynnes staðel afyrsode and awyrde, and of þam stealle þæræ godcundlican fægernysse awearp and aweg adraf.

Description:
The dragon with his poison breath afflicts man as the devil with his unbelieving spirit removes and destroys the foundation of mankind, and of their position/condition? Casts away and drives out their divine beauty


Description:
But each one weeps and laments his own misery, because the hellfire will never be quenched but the dragon and the serpents will slit the soul of the dishonourable man, and they will never die.


Context:
þa wunderlicum gemetum se draca byfigende <to> <sæ> <ferde>, & þa þe he ferde eall þæt stæp onbutan him wæs reocende & he swa in sæ gewende & næfre eft næs æteowed.

Description:
Then the wonderously large(?) dragon went into the sea trembling, and when he went all that stood around him was smoking, and as he went into the sea, and he was never at all seen again.


Context:
Se halga Machu wæs þa ingangende on þæs dracan scræfe, & his stæfes pic on þon scræfe gesette, & of þære selfan tide.

Description:
The holy Machutus then entered into the cave of the dragon, and he set down his the point of his staff in the cave, and there


Context:
His nama wæs Ruffus and he wæs swiðe mycel on dracan heowe and eall he wæs nædderfah. And of his toþan leome ofstod, ealswa of hwiten swurde, and of his eagan swilces fyres lyg, and of his nasþyrlum smec and fyr ormæte mycel, and his tunge þreowe his sweore belygde.

Description:
His name was Rufus and he was very large, in the shape of a dragon and he was all spotted like a snake. And light stood out from his teeth, like out of a bright sword, and it was like the light of fire came out of his eyes, and out of his nostrils smoke and an immense great fire and his three tongues encompassed his neck.


Context:
And seo eadiga fæmne sona mid hire swiðre hand wið <þonne> sceocca wel gebletsode and on hire forhæfde rodetacna mærcode and swa wið þone draca wel generode.

Description:
And the blessed woman quickly blessed herself with her strong hand against the deamon and on made the sign of the cross on her forehead and so protected herself against the dragon.


Context:
And eall sticmælum toðwan se draca ut of þan carcerne, and hi nan yfel on hire ne gefelde.

Description:
And all in pieces the dragon vanished out of the prison and she felt no injury on herself.


Context:
ða deoflu hig þa gelæddan & wepende & geomrigende hy sealdon suman fyrenan dracan se ontynde his þa fyrenan & þa scearpestan goman & he hig swealh & hig eft aspaw on þa hattestan ligas.

Description:
Then the devils take them and weeping and groaning they are given to a certain firey dragon who burns with flames and has the sharpest teeth and he swallows them and then he spews them into the hottest fires.


Context:
And he hine gegrap þa and fæste geband mid anes draca bæclinge and hine þær helle sealde on anweald to habbene aa buten ænde.

Description:
And he grabbed them and then bound them tightly with one of the dragons behind and


Context:
Sona swa he þa eode ut of þam <mynstre>, he gemette on þam wege standan sumne dracan ongæn hine mid geniendum muþe.

Description:
Soon, when he was dwelling out of the bounds of the monestery, on his way he met a dragon stood opposite him with it's mouth open.


Context:
& se draca þa dyde, swylce he him forswelgan wolde.

Description:
and then the dragon that which has been described [open mouth], as he wished to swallow him.


Description:
[Monk speaking] 'For this dragon will swallow me'


Context:
þa urnon þa gebroþru þider & nænigne dracan þær ne gesawon, ac ðone munuc byfiende & brodettendne hi eft gelæddon to þam mynstre

Description:
Then the monks quickly went there and they saw no dragon at all, but the monk trembled and quivered so they took him to the monestarty again.


Context:
& þa swa se munuc geseah for þæs halgan weres benum him ongæn standan þone dracan, þæt wæs deofol sylf, þam he ær fylgde & hyrde, þeah þe he hine na ne gesawe.

Description:
And then the monk saw because of this holy man praying for him that the dragon stood opposite him, that was the devil himself


Context:
Nu ic eom geseald þysym dracan to forswelganne, ac he ne mæg me forswelgan for eowre andweardnesse.

Description:
Now I am given to this dragon to swallow, but he may not swallow me because of your presence.


Context:
& mid hludum cleopungum cwæð: ic wille me segnian, ac ic ne mæg, forðon þe ic eom forseted & forðrycced mid þam scyllum þisses dracan.

Description:
and with loud cries said: I would bless myself, but I may not, because I am obstructed and supressed with the scales of this dragon.


Context:
þa færinga ongan se ylca cniht mid miclum stefnum cleopian & cweþan: drihten Gode ic secge þancas, þæt ðes draca nu fleah for eowrum gebedum, se me hæfde underfongen to forswelgenne, ac he hwæðre aweg adrifen ne mihte her gestandan.

Description:
Then suddenly the same youth with much muttering cried out and said: Lord God, I thank you, that this dragon is now fled from your prayers, he had me to swallow, but nevertheless he was driven away, he was not able to stay here.


Context:
'spalangii, musci uenenosi' þære scortan næddran, slawyrmes.

Description:
spalangii, musci uenenosi' there are short snakes, slow-worms


Context:
'reptilia' wyrmas '.i. diabolicę insidie'.

Description:
'reptilia' worms '.i. diabolicę insidie'.


Text_Name:
Latin-Old English Gloss. [Plantin-Moretus MS. 32 & BM MS Additional 32246


Context:
'Termes [or] teredo' wyrm þe borað treow.

Description:
'Termes [or] teredo' the worm [termite] which bores a tree.


Text_Name:
Latin-Old English Gloss. [Plantin-Moretus MS. 32 & BM MS Additional 32246]

Context:
'Surio et briensis et sirincus' handwyrm.

Description:
'Surio et briensis et sirincus' hand-worm.


Description:
Bupestris: beetle [poisonous beetle found in grass which cattle eat and are caused to swell up.]


Context:
'Ladasca piae briensis id est' hondwyrm.


Text_Name:
The Latin-Old English Gloss. [MS. Cotton Cleopatra A.III]


Context:
'Bombix' siolucwyrm [or] sidwyrm [or] loppe.

Description:
'Bombix' silkworm [or] silkworm [or] silkworm.


Context:
'Colera uentris inflatio [or] solutio' wyrms

Description:
'Colera uentris inflatio [or] solutio' worms


Context:
Witodlice iohannes on westene wunode betwux eallum deorcynne. Ungederod. & betwux dracan. & aspidum. & eallum wurmcynne. & hi hine ondredon: soðlice seo awyrigede herodias mid beheafdunge hine acwealde: & swa mæres mannes deað to gyfe hire dehter hleapunge underfeng.

Description:
certainly, John had dwelt in the wilderness unhurt amongst all animal kind, and amongst dragons and asps and all serpent-kind, and they dreaded him, truly the accursed Herodias killed him by beheading him, and the death of so great a man she accepted as a gift for her daughter's dancing.


Context:
'Bibiones' [or] 'mustione' muscfleotan [or] wurmes mite

Description:
'Bibiones' [or] 'mustione' small fly found in wine [or] insect of worms


Context:
þis is seo æðeleste eahsealfe, wið eahwyrce & wið miste, & wið wænne, & wið weormum, & wið gicðan…

Description:
This is the most excellent eye-salve, against eye pain and against cloudy vision, and against dark vision and against worms, and against itching…


Context:
Wið cyrnel, Neogone wæran noðþæs sweoster, þa wurdon þa nygone to VIII, & þa VIII to VII, & þa VII to VI, & þa VI to V, & þa V to IIII, & þa IIII to III, & þa III to II, & þa II to I, and þa I to nanum, þis þe lib <beo> cyrneles & scrofelles & <weormes> & æghwylces yfeles, sing benedicite nygon siþum


Context:
Ofer nædran & weormcynna cyningce þu gæst & þu tretst leon & dracan 'Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.'

Description:
Over go snakes and king of ? serpent-kind and you tread upon the lion and dragon.  'Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem.'


# Ed2

Edition title:
The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Miller, 4 vols, EETS,  1890.


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 2, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965].


Edition title:
The Old English Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, Anlezark, 2009.


Edition title:
The Soul's Address to the Body, Moffat, 1987.


Edition title:
Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, Dobbie, ASPR, 1942.


Edition title:
The Vercelli Homilies and Related Texts, Scragg, EETS, 1992.


Edition title:
The Old English Life of St. Nicholas with the Old English Life of St. Giles,Treharne, Leeds Text and Monographs New Series 15 (Leeds), 1997.


Edition title:
The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boethius, Krapp, ASPR, 1932.


Edition title:
Old English Herbarium and Medicina de Quadrupedibus, de Vriend, EETS, 1984.


Edition title:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, First Series, Clemoes, EETS, 1997.


Edition title:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, Second Series, Godden, EETS, 1979.


Edition title:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 2, Skeat, EETS, 1900.


Edition title:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 1, Skeat, EETS, 1900.


Edition title:
The Old English Heptateuch and AElfric's Libellus de Veteri Testamento et Novo, Volume 1, Marsden, EETS, 2008.


Edition title:
Homilies of AElfric: A Supplementary Collection, Volume 2, Pope, EETS, 1968.


Edition title:
Twelfth-Century Homilies in MS. Bodley 343, Belfour, EETS, 1909 [repr. 1962] .


Edition title:
Hexameron: Crawford, 1921. Corrected against MS Exameron Anglice or The Old English Hexameron, Bib. Ags. Prosa 10, (Hamburg) [repr. Darmstadt 1968].


Edition title:
Ælfric's Version of Alcuini interrogationes Sigeuulfi in Genesin, MacLean, Anglia 7, 1884.


Edition title:
De creatore et creatura (London, British Library, MS. Cotton Otho C.I, vol. 2): Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS.


Edition title:
Ælfric's Grammatik und Glossar, Zupitza, 1880.


Edition title:
Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni, Henel, EETS, 1970 (1942)


Edition title:
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany: Assmann, 1889.


Edition title:
Eleven Old English Rogationtide Homilies, Bazire, Cross, Toronto Old English Series 7, 1982


Edition title:
Der Vercelli-Codex CXVII nebst Abdruck einiger altenglischer Homilien der Handschrift, Förster, 1913. in F. Holthausen and H. Spies, eds., Festschrift für Lorenz Morsbach, Studien zur englischen Philologie 50 (Halle).


Edition title:
The Anonymous Old English Homily for the Dedication of a Church in MS Hatton 114 (HomS 51): An Annotated Edition, Wenisch, 1993. in Klaus R. Grinda and Claus-Dieter Wetzel, eds., Anglo-Saxonica, Geburtstag (Munich)


Edition title:
Guthlac: Das angelsächsische Prosa-Leben des heiligen Guthlac, Gosner, Anglistische Forschungen 27 (Heidelberg) 1909.


Edition title:
The Blickling Homilies, Morris, R., 3 vols., EETS 58, 63, 73 (London) [repr. in 1 vol. 1967].


Edition title:
Wulfstan, Napier, Sammlung englischer Denkmäler 4 (Berlin); repr. with appendix by K. Ostheeren, 1967.


Edition title:
Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Thorpe, 2 vols., folio ed. In 1 vol., Great Britain Public Records Commission 28 (London), 1840.


Edition title:
Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS Junius 85/86 ff. 25 and following; Willard, R.Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies , Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig) [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
An Unedited Old English Homily in MS. Cambridge, U.L. Ii.1.33, Murfin (Rice M.A. thesis), 1971.


Edition title:
The Four Gospels in Anglo-Saxon, Northumbrian, and Old Mercian Versions, Skeat, WW, Cambridge, 1871-87 [repr. Darmstadt 1970] .


Edition title:
Liber Psalmorum: The West-Saxon Psalms, Being the Prose Portion, or the 'First Fifty' of the So-Called Paris Psalter, Bright, Ramsay (Boston), 1907.


Edition title:
The Old English Orosius, Bately, EETS, s.s. 6 (London), 1980.


Edition title:
King Alfred's Old English Version of Boethius' De consolatione philosophiae, Sedgefield (Oxford) 1899 [repr. Darmstadt 1968] .


Edition title:
Gregory the Great, Dialogues, Book 2: Bischof Waerferths von Worcester Uebersetzung der Dialoge Gregors des Grossen, Hecht, Bib. Ags. Prosa 5 (Leipzig and Hamburg) 1900 [repr. Darmstadt 1965] .


Edition title:
The Devil's Account of the Next World, Robinson, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 73: 362-71, 1972.


Edition title:
The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Miller 4 vols., EETS 95, 96, 110, 111 (London) 1890-98 [repr. 1959-63] .


Edition title:
Rules of Benedict: Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der Benediktinerregel, Schröer, Bib. Ags. Prosa 2 (Kassel) 1885-8; repr. With appendix by H. Gneuss (Darmstadt 1964) .


Edition title:
Confessionale pseudo-Egberti (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Junius 121): Spindler, 1934.


Edition title:
Forms of Confession and Absolution (London, British Library, MS. Royal 2B.V): Hallander, 1968 100-02; Hallander, L.-G.'Two Old English Confessional Prayers,' Stockholm Studies in Modern Philology n.s. 3: 87-110 .


Edition title:
Das altenglische Martyrologium , London, British Library, MS. Cotton Julius A.X: Kotzor, 1981 II, 1-266; Kotzor, G Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften 88/1 (Munich) .


Edition title:
Byrhtferth's Manual: Baker and Lapidge, 1995 2-236; Baker, Peter S. and Lapidge, Michael; Byrhtferth's Enchiridion , EETS S.S. 15 (Oxford) .


Edition title:
Lacnunga: Grattan and Singer, 1952 96-130, 146-204; Grattan, J.H.G. and Singer, C.Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine , Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum n.s. 3 (London) .


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 1, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965] .


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 3, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965] .


Edition title:
Psalms, Cambridge, University Library, MS. Ff.1.23: Der Cambridger Psalter, Wildhagen, Bib. Ags. Prosa 7 (Hamburg) 1910 [repr. Darmstadt 1964] .


Edition title:
Psalms, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS. R.17.1: Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter,  Harsley, EETS 92 (London) 1889 [repr. 1973] .


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Arundel 60: Der altenglische Arundel-Psalter, Oess, Anglistische Forschungen 30, 1910 (Heidelberg) .


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Tiberius C.VI: The Tiberius Psalter, Campbell, 1974; corrections by Bierbaumer 1980.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian A.I: The Vespasian Psalter, Kuhn (Ann Arbor) 1965.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vitellius E.XVIII: The Vitellius Psalter, Rosier, Cornell Studies in English 42 (Ithaca) 1962.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Royal 2 B.V: Der altenglische Regius-Psalter, Roeder, Studien zur englischen Philologie 18 (Halle) 1904.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Stowe 2: The Stowe Psalter, Kimmens, Toronto Old English Series 3 (Toronto) 1979.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, Lambeth Palace, MS. 427: Der Lambeth-Psalter, Lindelöf, Acta societatis scientiarum Fennicae 35, I and 43, iii (Helsinki) 1909-14.


Edition title:
Psalms, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Junius 27: Der altenglische Junius-Psalter, Brenner, Anglistische Forschungen 23 (Heidelberg) 1908.


Edition title:
Psalms, Salisbury, Cathedral, MS. 150: The Salisbury Psalter, Sisam, Sisam, EETS 242 (London) 1959.


Edition title:
An Edition with Commentary of the Latin/Anglo-Saxon Liber scintillarum, Defensor, Getty (Univ. of Pennsylvania diss.); Rochais 1957; Liber scintillarum, Corpus Christianorum, series Latina 117 (Turnholt) 1969.


Edition title:
Liturgical Texts, Durham Ritual: Rituale ecclesiae Dunelmensis, Thompson and Lindelöf, Surtees Society 140 (Durham) 1927.


Edition title:
The Grave: Die Fragmente der Reden der Seele an den Leichnam, Buchholz, Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 6 (Erlangen and Leipzig) 1890.


Edition title:
The Old English Lives of St. Margaret, Clayton and Magennis, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 9 (Cambridge), 1994.


Edition title:
Old English Homilies from MS. Bodley 343, Irvine 1993, EETS 302 (London) .


Edition title:
The Soul to the Body (A-G): Buchholz, Die Fragmente der Reden der Seele an den Leichnam , Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 6 (Erlangen and Leipzig) 1890.


Edition title:
Peri Didaxeon, Eine Sammlung von Rezepten in englischer Sprache aus dem 11./12 Jahrhundert, Löweneck, Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 12, 1896; corrected by Sanborn 1983 'An Edition of British Library MS. Harley 6258B: Peri Didaxeon ' (Ottawa diss.).


Edition title:
Geherað nu mæn ða leofestan hu us godes bec, Willard, 1935 39-57 [partial]; remainder is Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS Junius 85/86 ff. 25 and following Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies , Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig) [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
Easter Day: De descensu Christi ad inferos: una inedita omelia anglosassone,  Fadda, Studi Medievali 13, 1972.


Edition title:
The Old English Life of Machutus, Yerkes (Toronto), 1984.


Edition title:
Saint Michael: 'Vier altenglische Predigten aus der heterodoxen Tradition', Tristram (Freiburg i. Br. diss.), 1970.


Edition title:
Apocalypse of Thomas (partial): Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies, Willard, Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig), 1935 [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
Gospel of Nicodemus Homily (London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian D.XIV): The Old English Gospel of Nicodemus, Hulme, Modern Philology 1, 1903-4.


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose) and Epistola ad Ehfridum: Goossens 1974 The Old English Glosses of MS. Brussels, Royal Library 1650 , Brussels Verhandelingen van de koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en schone Kunsten van Belgie, Klasse der Letteren, 36 (Brussels) , corrections by Schabram 1979 232-6 Review of Louis Goossens, The Old English Glosses of MS. Brussels Royal Library, 1650 in Anglia 97.


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose): Napier, no. 2 Old English Glosses, Anecdota Oxoniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series 11 (Oxford),  1900 [repr. Hildesheim 1969].


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose): Logeman 1891 26-41 'New Aldhelm Glosses,' Anglia 13: 26-41 ; Napier 1893 208-9 'Collation der altenglischen Aldhelmglossen des Codex 38 der Kathedralbibliothek zu Salisbury,' Anglia 15: 204-9 .


Edition title:
Aldhelm, Ænigmata: Napier, no. 23 Old English Glosses ,Anecdota Oxoniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series 11 (Oxford), 1900 [repr. Hildesheim 1969] .


Edition title:
Bible, Psalms: Brock 1874-80 253-63 'The Blickling Glosses,' in R. Morris, The Blickling Homilies , 3 vols., EETS 58, 63, 73 (London) [repr. in 1 vol. 1967]: 251-63 , corrected by Pulsiano 1983 'A New Look at the Anglo-Saxon Glosses in the "Blickling Psalter",' Manuscripa 27: 32-7.


Edition title:
The Latin-Old English Glossaries in Plantin-Moretus MS. 32 and British Museum MS. Additional 32246, Kindschi (Stanford diss.) 1955.


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Hessels, An Eighth-Century Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary (Cambridge) 1890.


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Stryker 1951 28-367 'The Latin-Old English Glossary in MS. Cotton Cleopatra A.III' (Stanford diss.) ; with corrections by Voss 1988 125-32 'Strykers Edition des alphabetischen Cleopatraglossars: Corrigenda und Addenda,' Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 13: 123-38. .


# Editions

Edition title:
The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Miller, 4 vols, EETS,  1890.


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 2, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965].


Edition title:
The Old English Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, Anlezark, 2009.


Edition title:
The Soul's Address to the Body, Moffat, 1987.


Edition title:
Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, Dobbie, ASPR, 1942.


Edition title:
The Vercelli Homilies and Related Texts, Scragg, EETS, 1992.


Edition title:
The Old English Life of St. Nicholas with the Old English Life of St. Giles,Treharne, Leeds Text and Monographs New Series 15 (Leeds), 1997.


Edition title:
The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boethius, Krapp, ASPR, 1932.


Edition title:
Old English Herbarium and Medicina de Quadrupedibus, de Vriend, EETS, 1984.


Edition title:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, First Series, Clemoes, EETS, 1997.


Edition title:
AElfric's Catholic Homilies, Second Series, Godden, EETS, 1979.


Edition title:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 2, Skeat, EETS, 1900.


Edition title:
AElfric's Lives of Saints, Volume 1, Skeat, EETS, 1900.


Edition title:
The Old English Heptateuch and AElfric's Libellus de Veteri Testamento et Novo, Volume 1, Marsden, EETS, 2008.


Edition title:
Homilies of AElfric: A Supplementary Collection, Volume 2, Pope, EETS, 1968.


Edition title:
Twelfth-Century Homilies in MS. Bodley 343, Belfour, EETS, 1909 [repr. 1962] .


Edition title:
Hexameron: Crawford, 1921. Corrected against MS Exameron Anglice or The Old English Hexameron, Bib. Ags. Prosa 10, (Hamburg) [repr. Darmstadt 1968].


Edition title:
Ælfric's Version of Alcuini interrogationes Sigeuulfi in Genesin, MacLean, Anglia 7, 1884.


Edition title:
De creatore et creatura (London, British Library, MS. Cotton Otho C.I, vol. 2): Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS.


Edition title:
Ælfric's Grammatik und Glossar, Zupitza, 1880.


Edition title:
Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni, Henel, EETS, 1970 (1942)


Edition title:
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany: Assmann, 1889.


Edition title:
Eleven Old English Rogationtide Homilies, Bazire, Cross, Toronto Old English Series 7, 1982


Edition title:
Der Vercelli-Codex CXVII nebst Abdruck einiger altenglischer Homilien der Handschrift, Förster, 1913. in F. Holthausen and H. Spies, eds., Festschrift für Lorenz Morsbach, Studien zur englischen Philologie 50 (Halle).


Edition title:
The Anonymous Old English Homily for the Dedication of a Church in MS Hatton 114 (HomS 51): An Annotated Edition, Wenisch, 1993. in Klaus R. Grinda and Claus-Dieter Wetzel, eds., Anglo-Saxonica, Geburtstag (Munich)


Edition title:
Guthlac: Das angelsächsische Prosa-Leben des heiligen Guthlac, Gosner, Anglistische Forschungen 27 (Heidelberg) 1909.


Edition title:
The Blickling Homilies, Morris, R., 3 vols., EETS 58, 63, 73 (London) [repr. in 1 vol. 1967].


Edition title:
Wulfstan, Napier, Sammlung englischer Denkmäler 4 (Berlin); repr. with appendix by K. Ostheeren, 1967.


Edition title:
Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Thorpe, 2 vols., folio ed. In 1 vol., Great Britain Public Records Commission 28 (London), 1840.


Edition title:
Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS Junius 85/86 ff. 25 and following; Willard, R.Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies , Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig) [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
An Unedited Old English Homily in MS. Cambridge, U.L. Ii.1.33, Murfin (Rice M.A. thesis), 1971.


Edition title:
The Four Gospels in Anglo-Saxon, Northumbrian, and Old Mercian Versions, Skeat, WW, Cambridge, 1871-87 [repr. Darmstadt 1970] .


Edition title:
Liber Psalmorum: The West-Saxon Psalms, Being the Prose Portion, or the 'First Fifty' of the So-Called Paris Psalter, Bright, Ramsay (Boston), 1907.


Edition title:
The Old English Orosius, Bately, EETS, s.s. 6 (London), 1980.


Edition title:
King Alfred's Old English Version of Boethius' De consolatione philosophiae, Sedgefield (Oxford) 1899 [repr. Darmstadt 1968] .


Edition title:
Gregory the Great, Dialogues, Book 2: Bischof Waerferths von Worcester Uebersetzung der Dialoge Gregors des Grossen, Hecht, Bib. Ags. Prosa 5 (Leipzig and Hamburg) 1900 [repr. Darmstadt 1965] .


Edition title:
The Devil's Account of the Next World, Robinson, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 73: 362-71, 1972.


Edition title:
The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Miller 4 vols., EETS 95, 96, 110, 111 (London) 1890-98 [repr. 1959-63] .


Edition title:
Rules of Benedict: Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der Benediktinerregel, Schröer, Bib. Ags. Prosa 2 (Kassel) 1885-8; repr. With appendix by H. Gneuss (Darmstadt 1964) .


Edition title:
Confessionale pseudo-Egberti (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Junius 121): Spindler, 1934.


Edition title:
Forms of Confession and Absolution (London, British Library, MS. Royal 2B.V): Hallander, 1968 100-02; Hallander, L.-G.'Two Old English Confessional Prayers,' Stockholm Studies in Modern Philology n.s. 3: 87-110 .


Edition title:
Das altenglische Martyrologium , London, British Library, MS. Cotton Julius A.X: Kotzor, 1981 II, 1-266; Kotzor, G Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften 88/1 (Munich) .


Edition title:
Byrhtferth's Manual: Baker and Lapidge, 1995 2-236; Baker, Peter S. and Lapidge, Michael; Byrhtferth's Enchiridion , EETS S.S. 15 (Oxford) .


Edition title:
Lacnunga: Grattan and Singer, 1952 96-130, 146-204; Grattan, J.H.G. and Singer, C.Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine , Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum n.s. 3 (London) .


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 1, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965] .


Edition title:
Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England 3, Cockayne, T.O., Rolls Series 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864-6) [repr. Wiesbaden 1965] .


Edition title:
Psalms, Cambridge, University Library, MS. Ff.1.23: Der Cambridger Psalter, Wildhagen, Bib. Ags. Prosa 7 (Hamburg) 1910 [repr. Darmstadt 1964] .


Edition title:
Psalms, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS. R.17.1: Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter,  Harsley, EETS 92 (London) 1889 [repr. 1973] .


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Arundel 60: Der altenglische Arundel-Psalter, Oess, Anglistische Forschungen 30, 1910 (Heidelberg) .


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Tiberius C.VI: The Tiberius Psalter, Campbell, 1974; corrections by Bierbaumer 1980.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian A.I: The Vespasian Psalter, Kuhn (Ann Arbor) 1965.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vitellius E.XVIII: The Vitellius Psalter, Rosier, Cornell Studies in English 42 (Ithaca) 1962.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Royal 2 B.V: Der altenglische Regius-Psalter, Roeder, Studien zur englischen Philologie 18 (Halle) 1904.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, British Library, MS. Stowe 2: The Stowe Psalter, Kimmens, Toronto Old English Series 3 (Toronto) 1979.


Edition title:
Psalms, London, Lambeth Palace, MS. 427: Der Lambeth-Psalter, Lindelöf, Acta societatis scientiarum Fennicae 35, I and 43, iii (Helsinki) 1909-14.


Edition title:
Psalms, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Junius 27: Der altenglische Junius-Psalter, Brenner, Anglistische Forschungen 23 (Heidelberg) 1908.


Edition title:
Psalms, Salisbury, Cathedral, MS. 150: The Salisbury Psalter, Sisam, Sisam, EETS 242 (London) 1959.


Edition title:
An Edition with Commentary of the Latin/Anglo-Saxon Liber scintillarum, Defensor, Getty (Univ. of Pennsylvania diss.); Rochais 1957; Liber scintillarum, Corpus Christianorum, series Latina 117 (Turnholt) 1969.


Edition title:
Liturgical Texts, Durham Ritual: Rituale ecclesiae Dunelmensis, Thompson and Lindelöf, Surtees Society 140 (Durham) 1927.


Edition title:
The Grave: Die Fragmente der Reden der Seele an den Leichnam, Buchholz, Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 6 (Erlangen and Leipzig) 1890.


Edition title:
The Old English Lives of St. Margaret, Clayton and Magennis, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 9 (Cambridge), 1994.


Edition title:
Old English Homilies from MS. Bodley 343, Irvine 1993, EETS 302 (London) .


Edition title:
The Soul to the Body (A-G): Buchholz, Die Fragmente der Reden der Seele an den Leichnam , Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 6 (Erlangen and Leipzig) 1890.


Edition title:
Peri Didaxeon, Eine Sammlung von Rezepten in englischer Sprache aus dem 11./12 Jahrhundert, Löweneck, Erlanger Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 12, 1896; corrected by Sanborn 1983 'An Edition of British Library MS. Harley 6258B: Peri Didaxeon ' (Ottawa diss.).


Edition title:
Geherað nu mæn ða leofestan hu us godes bec, Willard, 1935 39-57 [partial]; remainder is Dictionary of Old English transcript, edited from MS Junius 85/86 ff. 25 and following Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies , Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig) [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
Easter Day: De descensu Christi ad inferos: una inedita omelia anglosassone,  Fadda, Studi Medievali 13, 1972.


Edition title:
The Old English Life of Machutus, Yerkes (Toronto), 1984.


Edition title:
Saint Michael: 'Vier altenglische Predigten aus der heterodoxen Tradition', Tristram (Freiburg i. Br. diss.), 1970.


Edition title:
Apocalypse of Thomas (partial): Two Apocrypha in Old English Homilies, Willard, Beiträge zur englischen Philologie 30 (Leipzig), 1935 [repr. 1967] .


Edition title:
Gospel of Nicodemus Homily (London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian D.XIV): The Old English Gospel of Nicodemus, Hulme, Modern Philology 1, 1903-4.


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose) and Epistola ad Ehfridum: Goossens 1974 The Old English Glosses of MS. Brussels, Royal Library 1650 , Brussels Verhandelingen van de koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en schone Kunsten van Belgie, Klasse der Letteren, 36 (Brussels) , corrections by Schabram 1979 232-6 Review of Louis Goossens, The Old English Glosses of MS. Brussels Royal Library, 1650 in Anglia 97.


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose): Napier, no. 2 Old English Glosses, Anecdota Oxoniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series 11 (Oxford),  1900 [repr. Hildesheim 1969].


Edition title:
Aldhelm, De laude virginitatis (prose): Logeman 1891 26-41 'New Aldhelm Glosses,' Anglia 13: 26-41 ; Napier 1893 208-9 'Collation der altenglischen Aldhelmglossen des Codex 38 der Kathedralbibliothek zu Salisbury,' Anglia 15: 204-9 .


Edition title:
Aldhelm, Ænigmata: Napier, no. 23 Old English Glosses, Anecdota Oxoniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series 11 (Oxford), 1900 [repr. Hildesheim 1969] .


Edition title:
Bible, Psalms: Brock 1874-80 253-63 'The Blickling Glosses,' in R. Morris, The Blickling Homilies , 3 vols., EETS 58, 63, 73 (London) [repr. in 1 vol. 1967]: 251-63 , corrected by Pulsiano 1983 'A New Look at the Anglo-Saxon Glosses in the "Blickling Psalter",' Manuscripa 27: 32-7.


Edition title:
The Latin-Old English Glossaries in Plantin-Moretus MS. 32 and British Museum MS. Additional 32246, Kindschi (Stanford diss.) 1955.


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Hessels, An Eighth-Century Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary (Cambridge) 1890.


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Stryker 1951 28-367 'The Latin-Old English Glossary in MS. Cotton Cleopatra A.III' (Stanford diss.) ; with corrections by Voss 1988 125-32 'Strykers Edition des alphabetischen Cleopatraglossars: Corrigenda und Addenda,' Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 13: 123-38. .


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Quinn 1956 15-69 'The Minor Latin-Old English Glossaries in MS. Cotton Cleopatra A.III' (Stanford diss.) ; with corrections by Voss 1989 129-30 'Quinns Edition der kleineren Cleopatraglossare: Corrigenda und Addenda,' Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 14: 127-39 .


Edition title:
Latin-Old English Glossaries: Oliphant 1966 21-208, corrected from MS The Harley Latin-Old English Glossary , Janua linguarum, series practica 20 (The Hague) ; with corrections by Schabram 1968 Review of Robert T. Oliphant, The Harley Latin-Old English Glossary in Anglia 86: 495-500 , and Voss 1989 'Quinns Edition der kleineren Cleopatraglossare: Corrigenda und Addenda,' Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 14: 127-39.


