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      <item>
        <name>
          <family>McDonnell</family>
          <given>Diarmuid P</given>
        </name>
        <id>d.mcdonnell.1@bham.ac.uk</id>
        <orcid>0000-0003-4468-1605</orcid>
      </item>
      <item>
        <name>
          <family>Mohan</family>
          <given>John</given>
        </name>
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          <family>Norman</family>
          <given>Paul</given>
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      <item>National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO)</item>
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    <title>Research data supporting &quot;Charity Density and Social Need: A Longitudinal Perspective&quot; forthcoming in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly</title>
    <divisions>
      <item>10col_socs</item>
    </divisions>
    <keywords>nonprofit density, charity, material deprivation, nonprofit formation</keywords>
    <note>The authors would like to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their detailed and critical comments on the paper. David Clifford and Vernon Gayle provided valuable methodological insight on the research design. We are indebted to the teams at Popchange and the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) for providing us with high quality data relating to local authorities and charities respectively. PopChange was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) under the Secondary Data Analysis Initiative (SDAI), Phase 2 (project ES/L014769/1). Finally, this research has benefited enormously from the generous support of the Leverhulme Trust, through a Research Project Grant (ref: RPG-2017-102). Any remaining errors and shortcomings are the sole responsibility of the authors.</note>
    <abstract>The distribution of charitable organisations in an equitable and socially-just manner is a long-standing policy concern in the U.K. and many other jurisdictions. Geographic variations are important as they are linked to potentially-inequitable service provision and opportunities for participation in voluntary activities. This study links large-scale administrative data on charities registered in England and Wales with local authority-level measures of material deprivation for five U.K. census years (1971-2011). Count and spatial regression models show evidence of nonlinear associations between charity density and social need, and changes in the shape of this distribution over time. In general, charity density is highest in the least deprived local authorities but this varies across different types of organisation and census year. These results provide important new insights into the evolving relationship between charity density and social need, and demonstrate the value of adopting more advanced, longitudinal statistical approaches for studying this phenomenon.</abstract>
    <date>2019-11</date>
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    <publisher>University of Birmingham</publisher>
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    <contact_email>research-data@contacts.bham.ac.uk</contact_email>
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        <family>McDonnell</family>
        <given>Diarmuid</given>
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        <title>Charity Density and Social Need: A Longitudinal Perspective</title>
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    <data_prep_note>Please see the supplementary document accompanying the journal article for details of how the analysis data set was constructed.</data_prep_note>
    <geographic_cover>England and Wales</geographic_cover>
    <language>en</language>
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      <date_from>1971</date_from>
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